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Tobacco smoking and nightly respiratory changes in a healthy population

Rauchen und nächtliche respiratorische Veränderungen bei Gesunden

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Abstract

Obesity, age over 40 years, male sex, alcohol drinking and mainly habitual snoring are correlated with obstructive sleep apneas. However, the relationship between tobacco smoking and respiratory disturbances at night is discussed controversially. We wanted to analyse the relation between tobacco smoking and respiratory disturbances at night in healthy subjects.

Full polysomnography was done in 38 healthy volunteers. For our study we concentrated on the apnea index (AI), the ap-nea-hypopnea index (AHI), the desaturation index (DI) and the so-called nightly hypoxia index (NHI). Exclusion criterias for our subjects were an alcohol consumption of more than 25 g/day, a basal oxygen saturation below 90% Sa02 an abnormal chest radiograph or forced spirometry.

Non-smokers (n = 20) and smokers (more than 10 pack years, n = 18) showed no difference in age, sex, body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption or basal Sa02. There were no differences in AI, AHI and DI, too.

However, the NHI resulted significantly higher in the smokers group (27 +- 30 vs 3,6 +- 9; n < 0,01). It exists also a positive correlation (n < 0,05) between NHI number of cigarettes and the carboxihemoglobine (HbCO) concentration. Doing multiple regression analysis only tobacco consumption and BMI contributed independently to the NHI (n = 0,02 and n = 0,04 respectively).

Zusammenfassung

Adipositas, Alter über 40 Jahre, männliches Geschlecht, erhöhter Alkoholkonsum und habituelles Schnarchen korrelieren stark mit obstruktiver Schlafapnoe. Eine Verbindung zwischen Zigarettenrauchen und nächtlichen Atemstörungen wird jedoch unterschiedlich bewertet. Wir wollten die Verbindung zwischen Zigarettenrauchen und nächtlichen Atemstörungen bei gesunden Normalpersonen untersuchen.

38 gesunde Probanden beiderlei Geschlechts wurden polysomnographisch untersucht. Dabei lag der Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung auf dem Apnoe-Hypopno-eindex (AHI), dem Entsättigungsindex (Dl) und dem sogenannten nächtlichen Hypo-xieindex (NHI). Ausschlußkriterien für die Probanden waren ein Alkoholgenuß von mehr als 25g/die, eine basale Sa02 unter 90%, ein pathologisches Thoraxröntgenbild oder eine unter der Norm liegende Lungenfunktion.

Nicht-Raucher (n = 20) und Raucher (mehr als 10 pack years, n = 18) zeigten keine Unterschiede bezüglich Geschlecht, Alter, Body, Mass Index (BMI), Alkoholkonsum oder basaler Sa02.

Darüber hinaus gab es keine Unterschiede bezüglich (Al), (AHI) und (Dl). Der NHI war bei den Raucher jedoch signifikant höher gegenüber den Nichtrauchern (27 +- 30 vs 3,6 +- 9; p < 0,01). Es existiert ebenso eine positive Korrelation (p < 0,05) zwischen NHI, Anzahl der täglichen Zigaretten und dem Carboxihämoglobinwert (HbCO) der Probanden. In der multiplen Regressionsanalyse korrelierten nur Zigarettenverbrauch und BMI unabhängig zum NHI (p = 0,002 und p = 0,04). Wir schließen daraus, daß Zigarettenrauchen nicht zu einer größeren Apnoeaktivität führt aber die Anzahl von nächtlichen Sauerstoffentsättigungen bzw. Ihren Schweregrad erhöht.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pulmonary Unit, University Hospital, c/o Portugal no 3; Pta 8, 20 A 28224 Pozuelo de Alarcón9(Madrid), San Carlos/Madrid, Spain

    G. C. Casasola, J. Bascunana, B. Bustos, R. Alvarez-Sala & J. J. Alvarez-Sala

  2. Department of Pneumologe, Mount Sinai Hospital University of Miami, Miami Beach, Florida

    I. Danta

  3. Abteilung Sportmedizin, Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Ulm, Germany

    N. Netzer

  4. Abteilung Pneumologie, Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Freiburg, Germany

    H. Matthys

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  1. G. C. Casasola
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  2. I. Danta
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  3. J. Bascunana
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  5. R. Alvarez-Sala
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  6. J. J. Alvarez-Sala
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  7. N. Netzer
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Casasola, G.C., Danta, I., Bascunana, J. et al. Tobacco smoking and nightly respiratory changes in a healthy population. Sleep Breath 1, 15–23 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03038942

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