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Wirkung von Isoproturon auf Laich und Larven zweier Unkenarten (Bombina spec.)

Effects of isoproturon on the spawn and larvae of two different species of toads (Bombina spec.)

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Zusammenfassung

In Kleingewässern der intensiv genutzten Agrarlandschaften beeinträchtigt die Kontamination der Reproduktionsgewässer mit Pestiziden möglicherweise die Laich und Larvalentwicklung der Amphibien. Ein Indiz dafür ist die räumliche und zeitliche Koinzidenz. Basierend auf dieser Hypothese wurden die Effekte des häufig angewandten Herbizid-wirkstoffes Isoproturon (IPU) auf die frühen Larvalstadien der Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina) und der eng verwandten Gelbbauchunke (Bombina variegata) untersucht.

Mit Hilfe von radioaktiv markiertem IPU (1 μg/l) konnte festgestellt werden, dass IPU von Laich und Larven der Rot- und Gelbbauchunke aufgenommen wurde. Die Gallerthülle des Laichs bot dem Embryo keinen wirksamen Schutz vor dem IPU-Einfluss. Auf die Belastung mit IPU reagierten Kaulquappen mit einer geschlossenen Opercularfalte und damit ohne äußere Kiemen besonders sensitiv. Bereits bei Konzentrationen von 0,1 μg/l IPU traten nach 24 h bei den Unkenlarven Verhaltensabnormitäten und Deformationen auf. Mit steigenden IPU-Konzentrationen nahm die Zahl der beeinträchtigten und toten Larven deutlich zu.

Das Enzymsystem der Glutathion S-Transferase (GST) der Unkenlarven reagierte in Abhängigkeit von Expositionszeit und konzentration signifikant auf Belastung mit IPU.

Im Vergleich zur Exposition im reinen Wirkstoff IPU waren die Enzymaktivitäten bei der Behandlung mit dem handelsüblichen Herbizid TOLKAN FLO® signifikant erhöht. Möglicherweise erhöht sich durch die Formulierung die Verfügbarkeit des IPU bzw. es treten Interaktionen zwischen IPU und den Emulgatoren auf.

Abstract

In intensively used arable areas, a contamination of the reproduction ponds with pesticides probably impairs the development of spawn and tadpoles of amphibians, based on the coincidental space and time. Therefore, the effects of the herbicide isoproturon (IPU) on the early life stages of the firebellied toad (Bombina bombina) and the closely related yellowbellied toad (Bombina variegata) were investigated.

The results of the exposure with14C-labelled IPU (1 μg/L) indicated an uptake into the spawn and tadpoles of bothBombina species. The jelly capsules could not protect the embryo from effects of the herbicide.

Tadpoles with complete opercula and without external gills were most sensitive to contamination by IPU. Physical and behavioral abnormalities of the tadpoles developed at concentrations, of 0.1 μg/L after 24 h exposure. At increasing IPU-concentrations the number of impaired and dead tadpoles increased significantly compared to the control. The enzymatic system of the Glutathion S-Transferase (GST) of theBombina tadpoles were influenced significantly by the duration and concentration of IPU exposure. Compared to the pure active ingredient IPU, the commercial herbicide TOLKAN FLO® provoked a stronger enzymatic response in the tadpoles.

This could be caused by the presence of an emulsifier used in the TOLKAN FLO® formulation which enhanced the availability of IPU and/or the interaction between IPU and the emulsifier.

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  1. Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., AG: Detoxierung/Metabolismus, Müggelseedamm 301, D-12587, Berlin

    Kerstin Greulich & Stephan Pflugmacher

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  1. Kerstin Greulich
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  2. Stephan Pflugmacher
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Correspondence to Kerstin Greulich.

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OnlineFirst: 22. 03. 2002

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Greulich, K., Pflugmacher, S. Wirkung von Isoproturon auf Laich und Larven zweier Unkenarten (Bombina spec.). UWSF - Z Umweltchem Ökotox 14, 24–29 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03038655

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