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Welche Faktoren beeinflussen die Reproduzierbarkeit der Patientenlagerung in der täglichen Bestrahlungsroutine?

Which factors influence reproducibility of patient positioning during daily irradiation routine?

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Zusammenfassung

Ziel

Über Faktoren, die in der täglichen Bestrahlungsroutine die Reproduzierbarkeit der Patientenpositionierung beeinflussen können, ist nur wenig bekannt. Ziel war es, in einer prospektiven Erhebung Faktoren zu bestimmen, die das Auftreten von Feldfehleinstellungen bei freier Lagerung begünstigen, und deren klinische Relevanz zu beurteilen.

Patienten und Methode n

53 Patienten wurden perkutan mit Kobalt 60 ohne Fixationshilfen bestrahlt. In wöchentlichen Abständen wurden von allen Bestrahlungsfeldern Verifikationsaufnahmen angefertigt. Neben der Erhebung von Basisdaten (Alter, Größe, Gewicht, Allgemeinzustand, Bestrahlungsindikation) wurden die Patienten ebenfalls in wöchentlichen Abständen bezüglich ihrer Empfindungen (Schmerzen, Angst, Unruhe) während der Bestrahlung befragt und die aktuelle Arbeitsbelastung des Personals ermittelt. Aus der Lage abgebildeter anatomischer Strukturen bezüglich der Feldgrenzen wurden die Abweichungen der Verifikations-zu den Simulationsaufnahmen bestimmt. Die Patientendaten wurden mit der Zahl der Feldfehleinstellungen (Abweichungen von mehr als 1 cm) korreliert.

Ergebnisse

Gehäuft fehleingestellt waren: Patienten in reduziertem Allgemeinzustand, palliativ bestrahlte Patienten, Patienten mit Schmerzen, Angst, Unruhe während der Simulation bzw. der Bestrahlung und Patienten mit einem Gewicht von mehr als 90 kg. Die Zahl der Feldfehleinstellungen wuchs signifikant mit der Arbeitsbelastung des medizinisch-technischen Personals.

Schlußfolgerungen

Von besonderer klinischer Relevanz ist die Problematik der Reproduzierbarkeit der freien Lagerung bei der palliativen Strablenbehandlung. Suffiziente Schmerzeinstellung und schmerzfreie. bequeme Lagerung vermindern hier die Zahl der Feldfehleinstellungen. Bei der kurativen Bestrahlung sollten verstärkt Fixationstechniken zur Anwendung kommen.

Abstract

Aim

Factors which influence the accuracy of the field application during daily irradiation routine are not well known. The aim of this prospective analysis was to determine the significance of these factors on the occurrence of field misadjustments in irradiation without immobilization and to evaluate their clinical relevance

Patients and Method s

Fifty-three patients received external cobalt-60 beam irradiation without fixation. Once weekly portal images of all treatment fields were carried out. In addition to objective patient data (age, weight. height, general condition, irradiation indication), the psychological situation of the patient during treatment (anxiety, restlessness, pain) and work circumstances of the medical staff during treatment were evaluated once weekly. The distance of clearly visible anatomic structures to the field borders of the portal images were measured and the deviation to the corresponding simulator images was calculated. Patient data were correlated to the number of field misadjustments (deviation larger than 1 cm).

Results

Patients whose condition is generally poor and patients being treated palliatively, patients with feeling of anxiety, restlessness or pain during simulation or irradiation and heavy patients (90 kg and more) were more often misadjusted. The number of field misadjustments increased with the stress of the medical staff.

Conclusions

The problem of reproducibility of external beam irradiation without fixation in palliative treatment is of clinical relevance. Effective analgesic therapy and a comfortable and painfree patient set-up reduce misadjustments. In curative treatment, immobilization techniques should be used.

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Thilmann, C., Adamietz, I.A., Mose, S. et al. Welche Faktoren beeinflussen die Reproduzierbarkeit der Patientenlagerung in der täglichen Bestrahlungsroutine?. Strahlenther. Onkol. 173, 422–427 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03038318

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