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Genetische Prädisposition und Strahlenempfindlichkeit bei normalen Geweben

Genetic predisposition and radiosensitivity in normal tissues

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Strahlentherapie und Onkologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Nach Strahlenbehandlung von Tumoren werden immer wieder Patienten beobachtet, die starke akute und späte Reaktionen in, normalen Geweben zeigen. Bei diesen Patienten liegt sehr häufig eine genetische Prädisposition vor. Es treten vor allem Defizienzen der DNA-Reparatur und Veränderungen der Regulation des Zellzyklus auf, die zu einer erhöhten Strahlenempfindlichkeit, mit verstärkter Zellabtötung führen.

Methodik

Der Mikronukleus-Test und der Comet Assay scheinen günstige Teste zu sein, um diese erhöhte Strahlenempfindlichkeit zu erfassen. Beide Teste zeichnen sich dadurch aus, daß sie relativ rasch und einfach mit geringen Zellzahlen durchgeführt werden können. Es können mit Hilfe dieses Testes Blutlymphozyten und Fibroblasten untersucht werden.

Ergebnisse

Beide Teste eignen sich insbesondere bei kombinierter Anwendung in hohem Maße, um eine Prädiktion der Strahlenempfindlichkeit normaler Gewebe durchzuführen.

Schlußfolgerung en

Epidemiologische Untersuchungen bei Patienten nach Strahlentherapie weisen verstärkt darauf hin, daß die erhöhte Strahlenempfindlichkeit auch zu einer vermehrten Bildung von Zweittumoren durch ionisierende Strahlen führt. Dieses wird durch entsprechende Tiermodelle unterstützt.

Abstract

Background

After radiotherapy there are always some patients, who develop strong acute and late reactions in normal tissues. In these patients frequently a genetic predisposition is observed. There are found DNA-repair deficiencies and changes in the regulation of the cell cycle which are responsible for the increased radiosensitivity with enhanced cell killing.

Methods

The micronucleus test and the comet assay appear to be appropriate tests in order to measure this increased radiosensitivity. Both tests are characterized by being relatively quick and simple and can be performed with small cell numbers. It is possible to study blood lymphocytes and fibroblasts with these tests.

Results

Both tests can predict the radiosensitivity of normal tissues especially if they are applied in combination.

Conclusions

Epidemiological studies with patients after radiotherapy show evidence that the increased radiosensitivity also causes an enhanced induction of secondary tumors by ionizing radiation. This is supported by corresponding animal models.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Medizinische Strahlenbiologie der Universität, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45122, Essen

    C. Streffer

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Additional information

Vorgetragen beim 2. Kongreß der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Radioonkologie. 16–19.11.1996, Baden-Baden.

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Streffer, C. Genetische Prädisposition und Strahlenempfindlichkeit bei normalen Geweben. Strahlenther. Onkol. 173, 462–468 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03038185

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03038185

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