Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Mapping biochemical signals in the brain

  • Published:
Neurotoxicity Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Champoux MB, CL Coe, J Shankberg, NH Kalin and SJ Soumi (1989) Hormonal effects of early rearing conditions in infant rhesus monkeys.Am. J. Primatol. 19, 111–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crawley JN, JA Olschowka, DI Diz and DM Jacobowitz (1985) Behavioral significance of the coexistence of substance P, corti-cotropin-releasing factor, and acetylcholinesterase in lateral dorsal tegmental neurons projecting to the medial frontal cortex of the rat.Peptides 6, 891–901.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzsimons JT (1999) Angiotensin, thirst and sodium appetite.Physiol. Rev. 76, 583–686.

    Google Scholar 

  • Habib KE, KP Weld, KC Rice, J Pushkas, M Champoux, S Listwak, EL Webster, AJ Atkinson, J Schulkin, KE Contoreggic, GP Chrousos, SM McCann, SJ Suomi, JD Higley and PW Gold (2000) Oral administration of a corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist significantly attenuates behavioral, neuroen-docrine, and autonomic responses to stress in primates.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 6079–6084.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herbert J (1993) Peptides in the limbic system: neurochemical codes for co-ordinated adaptive responses to behavioral and physiological demand.Prog. Neurobiol. 41, 723–791.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobowitz D (1965) Histochemical studies of the autonomic inner-vation of the gut.J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 149, 358–364.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobowitz D (1970) Catecholamine fluorescence studies of adren-ergic neurons and chromaffin cells in sympathetic ganglia.Fed. Proc. 29, 1929–1944.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobowitz DM (1974) Removal of discrete fresh regions of the rat brain.Brain Res. 80, 111–115.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobowitz DM (1988) Multifactorial control of pituitary hormone secretion: The “Wheels” of the brain.Synapse 2, 186–192.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobowitz DM and AM Goldberg (1977) Determination of acetyl-choline in discrete regions of the rat brain.Brain Res. 122, 575–577.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobowitz DM and PD MacLean (1978) A brainstem atlas of cat-echolaminergic neurons and serotonergic perikarya in a pygmy primate (cebuella pygmaea).J. Comp. Neurol. 177, 397–415.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobowitz D and BH Marks (1964) Effect of stress on glycogen and phosphorylase in the rat anterior pituitary.Endocrinology 75, 86–88.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobowitz DM and TL O’Donohue (1978) slpha-MSH: immuno-histochemical identification and mapping in neurons of the rat brain.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75, 6300–6304.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobowitz DM and JA Olschowka (1982) Bovine pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity in brain and peripheral nervous system: coexistence with catecholaminergic nerves.Peptides 3, 569–590.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobowitz DM and M Palkovits (1974) Topographic atlas of cate-cholamine and acetylcholinesterase-containing neurons in the brain. I. Forebrain (Telencephalon, Diencephalon).J. Comp. Neurol. 157, 13–28.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobowitz D, BH Marks and J Vernikos-Danellis (1963) The effect of acute stress on the pituitary uptake of serine-l-C14 into ACTH.Endocrinology 72, 592–597.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobowitz DM, H Schulte, GP Chrousos and DM Loriaux (1983) Localization of GRF-like immunoreactive neurons in the rat brain.Peptides 4, 521–524.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobowitz DM, G Skofitsch, RL Eskay, HR Keiser and N Zamir (1985) Evidence for the existence of atrial natriuretic factor-con taining neurons in the rat brain.Neuroendocrinology 40, 92–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kagan J, JS Resnick and N Snidman (1988) Biological bases of childhood shyness.Science 240, 167–171.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalin NH, C Larson, SE Shelton and RJ Davidson (1998) Asymmetric frontal brain activity, cortisol, and behavior associated with fearful termperament in rhesus monkeys.Behav. Neurosci. 112, 286–292.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koob GF (1993) The role of corticotropin releasing hormone in behavioral responses to stress, InCorticotropin Releasing Factor (Chadwick K, J Marshj and K Ackrill, Eds.) (Wiley: New York).

    Google Scholar 

  • Krieger DT, WR Crowley, TL O’Donohue and DM Jacobowitz (1980) Effects of food restriction on the periodicity of corticos-teroids in plasma and on monoamine concentrations in discrete brain nuclei.Brain Res. 188, 167–174.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lovenberg TW, CW Liaw, DE Grigoriadis, W Clevenger, DT Chalmers, EB De Souza and T Oltersdorf (1995) Cloning and characterization of a functionally distinct corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtype from rat brain.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 836–840.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Makino S, P Gold and J Schulkin (1994) Corticosterone effects on CRH mRNA in the central nucleus of the amygdala and the par-aventricular region of the hypothalamus.Brain Res. 640, 105–112.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Millan MA, DM Jacobowitz, RL Hauger, KJ Catt and G Aguilera (1986) Distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in primate brain.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 1921–1925.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Millan MA, DM Jacobowitz, KJ Catt and G Aguilera (1990) Distribution of angiotensin II receptors in the brain of non-human primates.Peptides 11, 243–253.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moody TW, TL O’Donohue and DM Jacobowitz (1981) Biochemical localization and characterization of bombesin-like peptides in discrete regions of rat brain.Peptides 2, 75–79.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donohue TL, VJ Massari, Y Tizabi and DM Jacobowitz (1980) Identification and distribution of alpha-melanotropin in discrete regions of the cat brain.Brain Res. Bull. 4, 829–832.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olschowka JA, TL O’Donohue, GP Mueller and DM Jacobowitz (1982a) Hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic distribution of CRF-like immunoreactive neurons in the rat brain.Neuroendocrinology 35, 305–308.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olschowka JA, TL O’Donohue, GP Mueller and DM Jacobowitz (1982b) The distribution of corticotropin releasing factor-like immunoreactive neurons in rat brain.Peptides 3, 995–1015.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palkovits M and DM Jacobowitz (1974) Topographic atlas of cate-cholamine and acetylcholinesterase-containing neurons in the brain. II. Hindbrain (mesencephalon, rhombencephalon).J. Comp. Neurol. 157, 29–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palkovits M, JM Saavedra, DM Jacobowitz, JS Kizer, L Zaborsky and MJ Brownstein (1977) Serotonergic innervation of the fore-brain: effect of lesions on serotonin and tryptophan hydroxylase levels.Brain Res. 130, 121–134.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perrin MH and WW Vale (1999) Corticotropin releasing factor receptors and their ligand family.Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 885, 312–328.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sapolsky RM (1992)Stress, The Aging Brain, and the Mechanisms of Neuron Death (MIT Press: Cambridge).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulkin J, BS McEwen and PW Gold (1994) Allostasis, amygdala, and anticipatory angst.Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 18, 385–396.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulkin J, PW Gold and BS McEwen (1998) Induction of corti-cotropin-releasing hormone gene expression by glucocorticoids: implication for understanding the states of fear and anxiety and allostatic load.Psychoneuroendocrinology 23, 219–243.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sills MA, KQ Nguyen and DM Jacobowitz (1985) Increases in the heart rate and blood pressure produced by microinjections of atrial natriuretic factor into the AV3V region of rat brain.Peptides 6, 1037–1042.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skofitsch G and DM Jacobowitz (1984) Corticotropin releasing factor-like immunoreactive neurons in the rat retina.Brain Res. Bull. 12, 539–542.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skofitsch G and DM Jacobowitz (1985) Distribution of corti-cotropin releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in the rat brain by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay: comparison and characterization of bovine and rat/human CRF antisera.Peptides 6, 319–336.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skofitsch G and DM Jacobowitz (1988) Atrial natriuretic peptide in the central nervous system of the rat.Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. 8, 339–391.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skofitsch G, S Hamill and DM Jacobowitz (1984) Capsaicin depletes corticotropin releasing factor-like immunoreactive neurons in the rat spinal cord and medulla oblongata.Neuroendocrinology 38, 514–517.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skofitsch G, TR Insel and DM Jacobowitz (1985a) Binding sites for corticotropin releasing factor in sensory areas of the rat hind-brain and spinal cord.Brain Res. Bull. 15, 519–522.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Skofitsch G, DM Jacobowitz, RL Eskay and N Zamir (1985b) Distribution of atrial natriuretic factor-like immunoreactive neurons in the rat brain.Neuroscience 16, 917–948.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skofitsch G, DM Jacobowitz and N Zamir (1985c) Immunohistochemical localization of a melanin concentrating hormone-like peptide in the rat brain.Brain Res. Bull. 15, 635–649.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skofitsch G, N Zamir, CJ Helke, JM Savitt and DM Jacobowitz (1985d) Corticotropin releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in sensory ganglia and capsaicin sensitive neurons of the rat central nervous system: comparison with other neuropeptides.Peptides 6, 307–318.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skofitsch G, MA Sills and DM Jacobowitz (1986) Autoradiographic distribution of 125I-galanin binding sites in the rat central nervous system.Peptides 7, 1029–1042.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skofitsch G, DM Jacobowitz and F Lembeck (1989) Galanin and vasopressin coexist in the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system.Neuroendocrinology 49, 419–427.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss KI and DM Jacobowitz (1993a) Nucleotide sequence of rat calretinin cDNA.Neurochem. Int. 20, 542–546.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss KI and DM Jacobowitz (1993b) Quantitative measurement of calretinin and ß-actin mRNA in rat brain micropunches without prior isolation of RNA.Mol. Brain Res. 20, 229–239.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss KI, J Schulkin and DM Jacobowitz (1995) Corticosterone effects on rat calretinin mRNA in discrete brain nuclei and the testes.Mol. Brain Res. 28, 81–86.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swanson LW, PE Sawchenko, J Rivier and WW Vale (1983) Organization of ovine corticotropin releasing hormone immunoreactive cells and fibers in the rat brain: an immunohis-tochemical study.Neuroendocrinology 36, 165–186.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swanson LW and DM Simmons (1989) Differential steroid hormone and neural influences on peptide mRNA levels in CRH cells of the paraventricular nucleus: a hybridization histochemi-cal study in the rat.J. Comp. Neurol. 285, 413–435.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi LK, NH Kalin, JA Vanden-Burgt and JE Sherman (1989) Corticotropin-releasing hormone modulates defensive-withdrawal and exploratory behavior in rats.Behav. Neurosci. 3, 648–654.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tizabi Y, G Skofitsch and DM Jacobowitz (1985) Effect of chronic reserpine and desmethylimipramine treatment on CRF-like immunoreactivity of discrete brain areas of rat.Brain Res. 335, 389–391.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vale W, J Spiess, C Rivier and J Rivier (1981) Characterization of a 41-residue ovine hypothalamic peptide that stimulates the secretion of corticotropin releasing hormone and beta-endorphin.Science 213, 1394–1397.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winsky L and DM Jacobowitz (1991) Radioimmunoassay of calre-tinin in rat brain.Neurochem. Int. 19, 517–520.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zamir N, G Skofitsch, RL Eskay and DM Jacobowitz (1986a) Distribution of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptides in the central nervous system of the rat.Brain Res. 365, 105–111.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zamir N, G Skofitsch and DM Jacobowitz (1986b) Distribution of immunoreactive melanin-concentrating hormone in the central nervous system of the rat.Brain Res. 373, 240–245.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 20007, Washington, D.C., USA

    Jay Schulkin

Authors
  1. Jay Schulkin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jay Schulkin.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Schulkin, J. Mapping biochemical signals in the brain. neurotox res 6, xv–xxi (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03033446

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03033446

Keywords

Search

Navigation