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Chronic post-traumatic headache associated with minor cranial trauma: a description of cephalalgic patterns

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Abstract

We studied a group of 93 patients who had not previously suffered headache and who were consecutively admitted to the Emergency Department of the hospitals of Novara and Borgomanero, Italy because of a cranial trauma definable as minor according to the current International Headache Society (IHS) criteria. Two weeks after admission, all patients underwent a semi-structured interview which revealed that 24 (25.8%) had headache; 21 of these (22.5% of the original 93 patients) also had headache when they underwent a second interview eight weeks after the traumatic event. These 21 patients were diagnosed as having chronic post-traumatic headache associated with minor cranial trauma (5.2.2 of the IHS classification), and the prevalent clinical pattern of headache presentation was examined with the aim of attributing the fourth IHS classification code number. Eighteen of the 21 patients were found to have a tension-type pattern (5.2.2.2), and the remaining three had migraine (5.2.2.1); none had cluster headache (5.2.2.3). These data demonstrate a large prevalence of tension-type headache in patients with class 5.2.2 post-traumatic headache, and confirm the results of previously published studies that were not based on the diagnostic criteria of the current classification.

Sommario

Abbiamo studiato un gruppo di 93 pazienti che non avevano sofferto in passato di cefalea, successivamente ammessi al dipartimento di emergenza degli Ospedali di Novara e Borgomanero per un trauma cranico, definibile minore secondo gli attuali criteri proposti dall’IHS. Dopo due settimane i soggetti sono stati sottoposti a un’intervista semistrutturata per stabilire l’eventuale presenza di una cefalea, riscontrata in 24 pazienti, pari al 25.8%. Questi pazienti sono stati nuovamente intervistati dopo otto settimane dall’evento traumatico, per stabilire la persistenza della cefalea, risultata presente in 21 pazienti, pari al 22.5% dei 93 iniziali. In questi ultimi casi era stata diagnosticata una cefalea post-traumatica cronica associata a trauma cranico minore (gruppo 5.2.2 della classificazione IHS) ed esaminato il prevalente pattern clinico di presentazione delle cefalee al fine di attribuire una quarta cifra di codice secondo la Classificazione IHS. Abbiamo riscontrato un pattern tension-type (5.2.2.2) in 18 dei 21 pazienti studiati e un pattern emicranico (5.2.2.1) nei rimanenti 3 casi. Non abbiamo riscontrato casi di cefalea a grappolo (5.2.2.3). Questi dati mostrano una larga prevalenza della cefalea tension-type nelle cefalee post-traumatiche 5.2.2 e conferma.no precedenti studi in letteratura che, tuttavia, non si basavano sui criteri diagnostici dell’attuale classificazione.

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Bettucci, D., Aguggia, M., Bolamperti, L. et al. Chronic post-traumatic headache associated with minor cranial trauma: a description of cephalalgic patterns. Ital J Neuro Sci 19, 20–24 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03028807

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