Skip to main content
Log in

Effect of plant growth regulators on growth and biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in genetically transformed hairy roots ofPanax ginseng C. A. Meyer

  • Published:
Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, morphological alterations, biomass growth, and secondary metabolite production of genetically transformed hairy roots ofPanax ginseng C. A. Meyer, were evaluated after administration of plant growth regulators. The addition of benzylamino purine and kinetin to the culture media increased biomass formation and phenolic compound biosynthesis in the hairy roots. α-Naphthaleneacetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid inhibited hairy root growth, however, low concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid slightly increased hairy root growth. Low concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid profoundly inhibited growth of hairy roots. The addition of plant growth regulators, such as auxin, did not increase total phenolic compounds in hairy roots that did not contain gibberellic acid and cytokinins. Callus formation was induced in cultures suspended in liquid medium amended with benzylamino purine and kinetin. Hairy roots regenerated from these calluses exhibited an active growth pattern with extensive lateral branching in non-amended medium, similar to the growth pattern of the original hairy roots.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Hamill, J. D., and A. J. Lidgett (1977) Hairy root cultures—Opportunities and key protocols for studies in metabolic engineering. pp. 1–30. In: P. M. Doran (ed.),Hairy Roots Harwood Academic Publishers, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Jeong, G. T., D. H. Park, H. W. Ryu, B. Hwang, and J. C. Woo (2004) Effects of inoculum conditions on growth of hairy root ofPanax ginseng C. A. Meyer.Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 113–116: 1193–1203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Uozumi, N., and T. Kobayashi (1994) Appliction of hairy root and bioreactors, pp. 307–338. In: D. D. Y. Ryu and S. Furusaki (eds.),Advances in Plant Biotechnology. Elsevier, New York, NY, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Jeong, G. T., and D. H. Park (2005) Comparative evaluation of modified bioreactors for enhancement of growth and secondary metabolite biosynthesis usingPanax ginseng hairy roots.Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng. 10: 528–534.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Rao, S. R., and G. A. Ravishankar (2002) Plant cell cultures: Chemical factories of secondary metabolites.Biotechnol. Adv. 20: 101–153.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Arroo, R. R. J., A. Develi, H. Meijers, E. Van de Westerlo, A. K. Kemp, A. F. Croes, and G. J. Wullems (1995) Effect of exogenous auxin on root morphology and secondary metabolism inTagetes patula hairy root cultures.Physiol. Plant. 93: 233–240.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hooker, T. S., and T. A. Thorpe (1998) Effects of fluridone and abscisic acid on lateral root initiation and root elongation of excised tomato roots culturesin vitro.Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 52: 199–203.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Jeong, G. T., and D. H. Park (2006) Characteristics of transformedPanax ginseng C. A. Meyer hairy roots: Growth and nutrient profile.Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng. 11: 43–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Jung, M. Y., B. S. Jeon, and J. Y. Bock (2002) Free, esterified, and insoluble-bound phenolic acids in white and red Korean ginsengs (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer).Food Chem. 79: 105–111.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Sato, T., and G. Miyata (2000) The nutraceutical benefit, part II: ginseng.Nutrition 16: 391–392.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Yun, T. K. (2001)Panax ginseng—a non-organ-specific cancer preventive?Lancet Oncol. 2: 49–55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Jeong, G. T., D. H. Park, H. W. Ryu, B. Hwang, J. C. Woo, D. Kim, and S. W. Kim (2005) Production of antioxidant compounds by culture ofPanax ginseng C.A. Meyer hairy roots. I. Enhanced production of secondary metabolite in hairy root cultures by elicitation.Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 121–124: 1147–1158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Bais, H. P., G. Sudha, J. George, and G. A. Ravishankar (2001) Influence of exogenous hormones on growth and secondary metabolite production in hairy root cultures ofCichorium intybus L. cv. Lucknow LocalIn Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant. 37: 293–299.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Rhodes, M. J. C., A. J. Parr, A. GiuLietti, and E. L. H. Aird (1994) Influence of exogenous hormones on the growth and secondary metabolite formation in transformed root cultures.Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 38: 143–151.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Liu, C. Z., Y. C. Wang, F. Ouyang, H. C. Ye, and G. F. Li (1997) Production of artemisinin by hairy root cultures ofArternisia annua L.Biotechnol. Lett. 19: 927–929.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Mak, Y., and P. M. Doran (1993) Effect of cell-cycle inhibition on synthesis of steroidal alkaloids bySolanum aviculare plant cells.Biotechnol. Lett. 15: 1031–1034.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Yamaguchi, T., and H. E. Street (1977) Stimulation of the growth of excised cultured roots of soya bean by abscisic acid.Ann. Bot. 41: 1129–1133.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ford, Y. Y., J. M. Taylor, P. S. Blake, and T. R. Marks (2002) Gibberellin A3 stimulates adventitious rooting of cuttings from cherry (Prunus avium).Plant Growth Regul. 37: 127–133.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Toyoda, H., Y. Hosoi, A. Yamamoto, T. Nishiguchi, K. Maeda, T. Takebayashi, T. Shiomi, and S. Ouchi (1991) Transformation of melon (Cucumis melo L.) withAgrobacterium rhizogenes Plant Tissue Cult Lett. 8: 21–27.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Don-Hee Park.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jeong, GT., Woo, JC. & Park, DH. Effect of plant growth regulators on growth and biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in genetically transformed hairy roots ofPanax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng. 12, 86–91 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03028631

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03028631

Keywords

Navigation