Summary
Disorders of cardiac rhythm may be described as supraventricular or ventricular in origin. The former for the most part are innocuous. Ventricular premature systoles may be the forerunner of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Ventricular tachycardia if persistent is accompanied by failing circulation. The majority of the arrhythmias observed during anaesthesia can be attributed to hypoxia or accumulation of carbon dioxide. In the opinion of certain anaesthetists, if these two causes of arrhythmia are avoided there is no need for an antiarrhythmia drug. Procaine amide has proven of value in the control of the ventricular arrhythmias which occur during cyclopropane anaesthesia. Rapidly acting digitalis preparations, particularly acetyl strophanthidin, may be needed to slow a rapidly beating heart (supraventricular tachycardias). The ventricular arrhythmias which accompany digitalis toxicity are caused by loss of intracellular potassium. Potassium chloride is effective in the control of digitalis-induced arrhythmias and should be considered in other instances as well.
RéSUMé
On peut décrire les troubles du rythme cardiaque comme étant d’origine supraventriculaire ou venta culane. Les premiers sont pour la plupart inoffensifs. Des systoles ventriculaires prématurées peuvent être les signes avant-coureurs d’une tachycardie ou d’une fibrillation ventriculaires. Si la tachycardie ventriculaire persiste, elle, s’accompagne d’insuffisance cardiaque. La majorité des arythmies observée en cours d’anesthésie peuvent être attribuées è l’hypoxie ou à l’accumulation d’anhydride carbonique. Selon certains anesthesistes, si l’on évite ces deux causes d’arythmie, il n’est nul besoin d’employer line médication contre l’arythmie. La procame amide a été reconnue utile pbur juguler les arythmies ventriculaires qui se produisent pendant l’anesthésie au cyclopropane. On peut avoir besoin de préparations à action raoide à base de digitale, en particulier de Facétyl-strophantidine, pour ralentir les battements du cceur trop rapides (tachycardie supraventriculaire ). Les arythmies ventriculaires qui acconrpagnent la toxicité de la digitale sont dues à une perte de potassium intra-cellu. aire. Le chlorure de potassium est efficace pour juguler les arythmies provoquées par la digitale et son emploi doit être aussi bien envisagé dans d’autres cas.
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McCawley, E.L. Management of cardiac arrhythmias during anaesthesia. Canad Anaes. Soc. J. 2, 137–141 (1955). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03021107
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03021107