Abstract
Purpose
Previous studies on dexamethasone’s antiemetic and analgesic potential in children undergoing tonsillectomy have produced conflicting results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a single dose of dexamethasone on the incidence and severity of postoperative vomiting and pain in children undergoing electrocautery tonsillectomy under standardized general anesthesia.
Methods
In a double-blinded study 120 patients were randomly allocated to receive either dexamethasone 0.5 mg·kg−1 (maximum dose 8 mg)iv or an equivalent volume of saline preoperatively. The incidence of early and late vomiting, need for rescue antiemetics, time to first oral intake, time to first demand of analgesia and analgesic consumption were compared in both groups. Pain scores used included Children’s Hospital Eastern Ontario Pain Scale, “faces”, and a 0–10 visual analogue pain scale.
Results
Compared with placebo, dexamethasone significantly decreased the incidence of early and late vomiting (P < 0.05,P < 0.001 respectively). Fewer patients in the dexamethasone group needed antiemetic rescue (P < 0.01). The time to first oral intake was shorter, and the time to first dose of analgesic was longer in the dexamethasone group (P < 0.01). Pain scores 30 min after extubation were lower (P < 0.05) in the dexamethasone group. At 12 and 24 hr postoperative swallowing was still significantly less painful in the dexamethasone group than in the control group (P < 0.01).
Conclusion
Preoperative dexamethasone 0.5 mg·kg−1 iv reduced both postoperative vomiting and pain in children after electrocautery tonsillectomy.
Résumé
Objectif
Les études antérieures sur le potentiel analgésique et antiémétique de la dexaméthasone, chez des enfants qui subissent une amygdalectomie, ont donné des résultats contradictoires. Nous voulions évaluer les effets d’une dose unique de dexaméthasone sur l’incidence et la sévérité des vomissements et de la douleur postopératoires chez des enfants qui subissent une amygdalectomie par électrocautérisation sous anesthésie générale normalisée.
Méthode
Dans l’étude à double insu, 120 patients ont été répartis au hasard et ont reçu, avant l’opération, soit 0,5 mg·kg−1 de dexaméthasone iv (dose maximale de 8 mg), soit un volume équivalent de solution saline. L’incidence de vomissements précoces et tardifs, le besoin d’antiémétiques de secours, le temps précédant la première absorption orale et la première demande d’analgésie, et la consommation d’analgésique ont fait l’objet de comparaison intergroupe. Les scores de douleur utilisés comprenaient la Children’s Eastern Ontario Pain Scale, l’échelle des “mimiques” et une échelle visuelle analogique cotée de 0 à 10.
Résultats
Comparée au placebo, la dexaméthasone a significativement réduit l’incidence de vomissements précoces et tardifs (P < 0,05, P < 0,001 respectivement). Peu de patients ayant reçu la dexaméthasone ont eu besoin d’antiémétique de secours (P < 0,01). Le temps précédant la première absorption orale a été plus court et le temps précédant la première dose d’analgésique a été plus long avec la dexaméthasone (P < 0,01). Les scores de douleur, 30 min après l’extubation, ont été plus bas (P < 0,05) avec la dexaméthasone aussi. À 12 et 24 h après l’opération, la déglutition a été significativement moins douloureuse chez les enfants qui ont eu la dexaméthasone que chez les enfants témoins (P < 0,01).
Conclusion
Ladministration iv préopératoire de 0,5 mg·kg−1 de dexaméthasone a réduit les vomissements et la douleur postopératoires chez des enfants qui ont subi une amygdalectomie par électrocautérisation.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Litman RS, Wu CL, Catanzaro FA. Ondansetron decreases emesis after tonsillectomy in children. Anesth Analg 1994; 78: 478–81.
Furst SR, Rodarte A. Prophylactic antiemetic treatment with ondansetron in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Anesthesiology 1994; 81: 799–803.
Ferrari LR, Donlon JV. Metoclopramide reduces the incidence of vomiting after tonsillectomy in children. Anesth Analg 1992; 75: 351–4.
Weimert TA, Babyak JW, Richter HJ. Electrodissection tonsillectomy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1990; 116: 186–8.
Jones AL, Hill AS, Soukop M, et al. Comparison of dexamethasone and ondansetron in the prophylaxis of emesis induced by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Lancet 1991; 338: 483–7.
April MM, Callan ND, Nowak DM, Hausdorff MA. The effect of intravenous dexamethasone in pediatric adenotonsillectomy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1996; 122: 117–20.
Maunuksela EL, Olkkola KT, Korpela R. Measurement of pain in children with self-reporting and behavioral assessment. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1987; 42: 137–41.
Ohlms LA, Wilder RT, Weston B. Use of intraoperative corticosteroids in pediatric tonsillectomy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995; 121: 737–42.
Catlin FL, Grimes WJ. The effect of steroid therapy on recovery from tonsillectomy in children. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1991; 117: 649–52.
Volk MS, Martin P, Brodsky L, Stanievich JF, Ballon M. The effects of preoperative steroids on tonsillectomy patients. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1993; 109: 726–30.
Rich WM, Abdulhayoglu G, DiSaia PJ. Methylprednisolone as an antiemetic during cancer chemotherapy — a pilot study. Gynecol Oncol 1980; 9: 193–8.
Fredrikson M, Hursti T, Furst CJ, et al. Nausea in cancer chemotherapy is inversely related to urinary cortisol excretion. Br J Cancer 1992; 65: 779–80.
Harris AL. Cytotoxic-therapy-induced vomiting is mediated via enkephalin pathways. Lancet 1982; 1: 714–6.
Aouad MF, Siddik SS, Rizk LB, Zaytoun GM, Baraka AS. The effect of dexamethasone on postoperative vomiting after tonsillectomy. Anesth Analg 2001; 92: 636–40.
Pappas ALS, Sukhani R, Hotaling AJ, et al. The effect of preoperative dexamethasone on the immediate and delayed postoperative morbidity in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Anesth Analg 1998; 87: 57–61.
Splinter WM, Roberts DJ. Dexamethasone decreases vomiting by children after tonsillectomy. Anesth Analg 1996; 83: 913–6.
Splinter WM. Prevention of vomiting after strabismus surgery in children: dexamethasone alone versus dexamethasone plus low-dose ondansetron. Paediatr Anaesth 2001; 11: 591–5.
Suraseranivongse S, Santawat U, Kraiprasit K, Petcharatana S, Prakkamodom S, Muntraporn N. Cross-validation of a composite pain scale for preschool children within 24 hours of surgery. Br J Anaesth 2001; 87: 400–5.
Baxendale BR, Vater M, Lavery KM. Dexamethasone reduces pain and swelling following extraction of third molar teeth. Anaesthesia 1993; 48: 961–4.
Skjelbred P, Lokken P. Post-operative pain and inflammatory reaction reduced by injection of a corticosteroid. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1982; 21: 391–6.
Aasboe V, Raeder JC, Groegaard B. Betamethasone reduces postoperative pain and nausea after ambulatory surgery. Anesth Analg 1998; 87: 319–23.
Elhakim M, Abdul Salam AY, Eid A, Kaschef N, Mostafa BE. Inclusion of pethidine in lidocaine for infiltration improves analgesia following tonsillectomy in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1997; 41: 214–7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Elhakim, M., Ali, N.M., Rashed, I. et al. Dexamethasone reduces postoperative vomiting and pain after pediatric tonsillectomy. Can J Anesth 50, 392–397 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03021038
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03021038