Article PDF
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Larson MD. Tait and Caglieri: The first spinal anesthetic in America. Anesthesiology 1996; 85: 913–9.
Philip BK, Covino BG. Local and regional anesthesia.In: Wetchler BV (Ed.). Anesthesia for Ambulatory Surgery, 2nd ed. New York: J.B. Lippincott, 1991: 309–74.
Duncan PG, Cohen MM, Arnold TW, et al. The Canadian four-centre study of anaesthetic outcomes: III. Are anaesthetic complications predictable in day surgical practice? Can J Anaesth 1992; 39: 440–8.
Wetchler BV. Outpatient anesthesia.In: Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK (Eds.). Clinical Anesthesia, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: J.B.Lippincott, 1992: 1389–116.
Katz J. A survey of anesthetic choice among anaesthesiologists. Anesth Analg 1973; 52: 373–5.
Gantt R, Beardsley D, Lindsey J, Setzer V, Stevens RA. Subjective preferences of twelve anesthesiologists undergoing two major neuroaxial blockades: spinal and epidural. Anesthesiology 1994; 81: A990.
Gajraj NM, Bala S, Newson CD, Joshi GP. Outpatients view of their anesthesiologist and anesthesia in the USA. Anesth Analg 1994; 78: S125.
Eldor J. Anesthesia and the public image (Letter). Reg Anesth 1995; 20: 466.
Orkin FK. What do patients want? Preferences for immediate postoperative recovery. Anesth Analg 1994; 78: S225.
Watkins S, England AJ, Bolcina A, Yentis SM, Raine G, Feldman SA. Minor morbidity after day-case laparoscopy and the influence of droperidol 0.5 mg: a 1 month study. Br J Anaesth 1995; 74: 478P.
de Andrés J, Valía JC, Gil A, Bolinches R. Predictors of patient satisfaction with regional anesthesia. Reg Anesth 1995; 20: 489–505.
Tessler MJ, Kardash K, Simcha K, Rossignol M. A retrospective comparison of spinal and general anesthesia for vaginal hysterectomy: a time analysis. Anesth Analg 1995; 81: 694–6.
Flauten H, Raeder J. Spinal anaesthesia for outpatient surgery. Anaesthesia 1985; 40: 1108–11.
Halpern S, Preston R. Postdural puncture headache and spinal needle design. Anesthesiology 1994; 81: 1376–83.
Standl T, Eckert S, Schulte am Esch J. Postoperative complaints after spinal and thiopentone-isoflurane anaesthesia in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery: spinal versus general anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1996; 40: 222–6.
Derville MT, Lang CE, Boogaerts JG. Time to discharge after general versus regional anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1997; 78(Supp I): A3.
Quaynor H, Corbey M, Berg P. Spinal anaesthesia in day-care surgery with a 26-gauge needle. Br J Anaesth 1990; 65: 766–9.
Corbey MP, Berg P, Quaynor H. Classification and severity of postdural puncture headache. Comparison of 26-gauge and 27-gauge Quincke needle for spinal anaesthesia in day-care surgery in patients under 45 years. Anaesthesia 1993; 48: 776–81.
Pollock JE, Neal JM, Stephenson CA, Wiley CE. Prospective study of the incidence of transient radicular irritation in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1996; 84: 1361–7.
Zayas VM, Liguori GA, Chisholm MF. Transient radicular irritation (TRI) following spinal anesthesia with mepivacaine vs lidocaine in ambulatory surgery. Anesthesiology 1997; 87: A829.
Vaghadia H, McLeod DH, Mitchell GWE, Merrick PM. Small-dose hypobaric lidocaine-fentanyl spinal anesthesia for short duration outpatient laparoscopy. I. A randomized comparison with conventional dose hyperbaric lidocaine. Anesth Analg 1997; 84: 59–64.
Hampl KF, Wiedmer S, Harms C, Schneider MC, Drasner K. Incidence of transient neurologic symptoms after spinal anesthesia with prilocaine, lidocaine and bupivacaine. Anesthesiology 1997; 87: A778.
Hampl KF, Schneider MC, Pargger H, Gut J, Drewe J, Drasner K. A similar incidence of transient neurologic symptoms after spinal anesthesia with 2% and 5% lidocaine. Anesth Analg 1996; 83: 1051–4.
Tarkkila P, Huhtala J, Tuominen M. Transient radicular irritation after spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric 5% lignocaine. Br J Anaesth 1995; 74: 328–9.
Baumgarten RK. Regulatory agencies should reassess all local anesthetics for spinal use (Letter). Anesth Analg 1995; 80: 431.
Douglas MJ. Neurotoxicity of lidocaine — does it exist? (Editorial) Can J Anaesth 1995; 42: 181–5.
Mychaskiw G II, Chung JH, O’Connor TZ, Perlstein L. Post anesthesia care unit stay following TURP: Should tetracaine spinal be abandoned? Anesthesiology 1991; 75: A890.
Kick O, Megroian B, Lechevalier T, Pinaud M, Souron R. Postoperative comfort and well-being in outpatients: general versus spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1994; 81: A50.
Van Gessel EF, Forster A, Schweizer A, Gamulin Z. Comparison of hypobaric, hyperbaric, and isobaric solutions of bupivacaine during continuous spinal anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1991; 72: 779–84.
Van Zundert AAJ, Grouls RJE, Korsten HHM, Lambert DH. Spinal anesthesia: volume or concentration: what matters? Reg Anesth 1996; 21: 112–8.
Tay DHB, Tay SM, Thomas E. High-volume spinal anaesthesia. A dose-response study of bupivacaine 0.125%. Anesth Intensive Care 1992; 20: 443–7.
Taivainen T, Tuominen M, Rosenberg PH. Spinal anaesthesia with hypobaric 0.19% or plain 0.5% bupivacaine. Br J Anaesth 1990; 65: 234–6.
Liu S, Pollock JE, Mulroy MF, Allen HW, Neal JM, Carpenter RL. Comparison of 5% with dextrose, 1.5% with dextrose, and 1.5% dextrose free lidocaine solutions for spinal anesthesia in human volunteers. Anesth Analg 1995; 81: 697–702.
Chiu AA, Liu S, Carpenter RL, Kasman GS, Pollock JE, Neal JM. The effects of epinephrine on lidocaine spinal anesthesia: a cross-over study. Anesth Analg 1995; 80: 735–9.
Viskari D, Berrrill A, Vaghadia H. Walk-in walk-out spinal anaesthesia for outpatient laparoscopy: evaluation of three hypobaric solutions. Can J Anaesth 1997: 44; A26-B.
Chilvers CR, Vaghadia H, Mitchell GWE, Merrick PM. Small-dose hypobaric lidocaine-fentanyl spinal anesthesia for short duration outpatient laparoscopy. II. Optimal fentanyl dose. Anesth Analg 1997; 84: 65–70.
Bodily MN, Carpenter RL, Owens BD. Lidocaine 0.5% spinal anaesthesia: a hypobaric solution for shortstay perirectal surgery. Can J Anaesth 1992; 39: 770–3.
Liew QY, Tay DHB, Thomas E. Lignocaine 0.5% for spinal anaesthesia in gynaecological day surgery. Anaesthesia 1994; 49: 633–6.
Liu SS, Ware PD, Allen HW, Neal JM, Pollock JE. Dose-response characteristics of spinal bupivacaine in volunteers. Clinical implications for ambulatory anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1996; 85: 729–36.
Maroof M, Khan RM, Siddique M, Tariq M. Hypobaric spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine (0.1%) gives selective sensory block for ano-rectal surgery. Can J Anaesth 1995; 42: 691–4.
Tauzin-Fin P, Maurette P, Vincon G, Hecquet D, Houdek M-C, Bonnet F. Clinical and pharmacokinetic aspects of the combination of meperidine and prilocaine for spinal anaesthesia. Can J Anaesth 1992; 39: 655–60.
Honet JE, Arkoosh VA, Norris MC, Huffnagle HJ, Silverman NS, Leighton BL. Comparison among intrathecal fentanyl, meperidine, and sufentanil for labor analgesia. Anesth Analg 1992; 75: 734–9.
Reuben SS, Dunn SM, Duprat KM, O’Sullivan P. An intrathecal fentanyl dose-response study in lower extremity revascularization procedures. Anesthesiology 1994; 81: 1371–5.
Liu S, Chiu AA, Carpenter RL, et al. Fentanyl prolongs lidocaine spinal anesthesia without prolonging recovery. Anesth Analg 1995; 80: 730–4.
Singh H, Yang J, Thornton K, Giesecke AH. Intrathecal fentanyl prolongs sensory bupivacaine spinal block. Can J Anaesth 1995; 42: 987–91.
Lu JK, Schafer PG, Gardner TL, et al. The doseresponse pharmacology of intrathecal sufentanil in female volunteers. Anesth Analg 1997; 85: 372–9.
Lau WC, Green CR, Faerber GJ, Tait AR, Golembiewski JA. Intrathecal sufentanil for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy provides earlier discharge of the outpatient than intrathecal lidocaine. Anesth Analg 1997; 84: 1227–31.
Sarantopoulos C, Fassoulaki A. Systemic opioids enhance the spread of sensory analgesia produced by intrathecal lidocaine. Anesth Analg 1994; 79: 94–7.
Henderson DJ, Jones G. Effect of i.v. diamorphine on the regression of spinal block. Br J Anaesth 1995; 74: 610–11.
Liu S, Chiu AA, Neal JM, Carpenter RL, Bainton BG, Gerancher JC. Oral clonidine prolongs lidocaine spinal anesthesia in human volunteers. Anesthesiology 1995; 82: 1353–9.
Fassoulaki A, Sarantopoulos C, Zotou M. Nitrous oxide enhances the level of sensory block produced by intrathecal lidocaine. Anesth Analg 1997; 85: 1108–11.
Beers RA, Kane PB, Nsouli I, Krauss D. Does a midlumbar block level provide adequate anaesthesia for transurethral prostatectomy? Can J Anaesth 1994; 41: 807–12.
Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ, Wilson PR. Effect of injection rate on sensory level and duration of hypobaric bupivacaine spinal anesthesia for total hip arthroplasry. Anesth Analg 1994; 79: 773–7.
Urmey WF, Stanton J, Peterson M, Sharrock NE. Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for outpatient surgery: dose-response characteristics of intrathecal isobaric lidocaine using a 27-gauge Whitacre spinal needle. Anesthesiology 1995; 83: 528–34.
Pflug AE, Aasbeim GM, Foster C. Sequence of return of neurological function and criteria for safe ambulation following subarachnoid block (spinal anaesthetic). Can Anaesth Soc J 1978; 25: 139–9.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vaghadia, H. Spinal anaesthesia for outpatients: controversies and new techniques. Can J Anaesth 45 (Suppl 1), R64–R75 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03019208
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03019208