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Colites Infectieuses

Infectious colitis

  • Published:
Acta Endoscopica

Résumé

La colite infectieuse est une pathologie courante, Elle engendre habituellement des diarrhées aiguës. Le diagnostic différentiel des diarrhées aiguës comprend les infections coliques, les lésions d'origine médicamenteuse, les Maladies Inflammatoires Cryptogéniques de l'Intestin (MICI), les lésions coliques ischémiques et des désordres de type fonctionnel tels que le côlon irritable. Un diagnostic précis n'est pas toujours facile. Dans beaucoup de cas, les lésions d'origine médicamenteuse doivent être prises en compte.

Les biopsies sont d'une grande utilité dans le diagnostic non seulement de colite (diagnostic différentiel avec les désordres d'origine fonctionnelle) mais également dans le diagnostic différentiel entre les colites infectieuses et les MICI. L'aspect microscopique des colites infectieuses est très variable. Dans la majorité des cas, il n'existe pas d'aspect histologique spécifique. Le diagnostic histologique repose à la fois sur la présence d'une inflammation aiguë et sur l'absence d'aspect histologique suggestif de MICI. Quelques infections virales mycotiques ou bactériennes ont un aspect microscopique suggérant un diagnostic précis, diagnostic confirmé quand l'agent pathogène est mis en évidence sur les coupes histologiques.

Summary

Infectious-type colitis is a common condition. It usually induces acute diarrhoea. The differential diagnosis of acute diarrhoea includes injections, drug-induced lesions, chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), ischaemic colitis and functional disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome. A precise diagnosis is not always simple. In many cases, drug-induced diseases have however to be considered.

Biopsies are considered to be very useful for the diagnosis of colitis (differential diagnosis with functional disorders) and for the differential diagnosis between infections and IBD. The microscopic features of infectious colitis are highly variable. In the majority of cases, there is no specific pattern. The diagnosis relies mainly on the presence of active inflammation and the absence of features suggestive for IBD. Some viral, fungal or bacterial infections lead to specific microscopic features allowing a diagnosis especially when the pathogenic agents are evident on histological slides.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre Hospitalier Régional de Tournai, (Belgique)

    Anne Jouret-Mourin

  2. Dept of Pathology, University Hospital, K.U. Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 12, 3000, Leuven, (Belgique)

    K. Geboes

Authors
  1. Anne Jouret-Mourin
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  2. K. Geboes
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Jouret-Mourin, A., Geboes, K. Colites Infectieuses. Acta Endosc 32, 167–183 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03016654

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03016654

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