Abstract
Purpose
Tb conduct a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, clinical experiment testing the hypothesis that flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist, may affect recovery from halothane-, enflurane- and isoflurane-based anesthesia.
Method
Patients who underwent surgery under N2O/O2 plus halothane (n = 100), enflurane (n = 100) or isoflurane (n = 70) anesthesia were administered flumazenil 1 mg or placebo upon emergence from anesthesia, and their postanesthesia vital signs, vigilance, neurological recovery, shivering, amnesia reversal, and general subjective feeling were assessed.
Results
A ten-point vigilance score showed better recovery of flumazenil-treated patients compared to those who received placebo (60-min after halothane anesthesia: 9.9 ± 0.1 vs 9.5 ± 0.2,P < 0.01 ; after enflurane: 10 ± 0vs 9.4 ± 0.2,P < 0.01; after isoflurane: 10.0 ± 0vs 9.3 ± 0.1,P < 0.01). Halothane- and enflurane-flumazenil-treated patients (but not isoflurane) reached a better neurological score (2.97 ± 0.05 or 3 ± 0) compared to placebo (2.8 ± 0.4 or 2.6 ± 0.4,P < 0.0l), respectively. Reversal of amnesia was superior in the flumazenil group at 60 min and at 24 hr postsurgery and more flumazenil patients rated recovery as “pleasant”. Flumazenil patients shivered less than placebo patients despite their lower core temperature (at 30 min: halothane: 11%vs 28%,P < 0.05; enflurane: 11 %vs 30%,P < 0.05; isoflurane: 17% for both groups).
Conclusion
Flumazenil improves recovery of high cortical and neuromotor functions following halothane, enflurane and isoflurane anesthesia, reduces shivering and improves the overall quality of emergence, including patients’ subjective feeling.
Résumé
Objectif
Réaliser une expérience clinique randomisée, contrôlée contre placebo en double insu, testant l’hypothèse selon laquelle le flumazénil, antagoniste des benzodiazépines, peut agir sur le retour à la conscience après une anesthésie à l’halothane, à l’enflurane ou à l’isoflurane.
Méthode
Les patients devant subir une intervention sous anesthésie avec du N2O/O2 et de l’halothane (n = 100), de l’enflurane (n = 100) ou de l’isoflurane (n = 70) ont reçu I mg de flumazénil ou un placebo au réveil. Les signes vitaux, la vigilance, la récupération neurologique, les frissons, le renversement de l’amnésie et les perceptions objectives générales ont été notés.
Résultats
Une cotation de la vigilance en dix points a montré une meilleure récupération des patients traités avec le flumazénil qu’avec le placebo (60 min après l’anesthésie à l’halothane: 9,9 ± 0,1 vs 9,5 ± 0,2, P < 001; après l’enflurane: 10 ± 0vs 9,4 ± 0,2, P < 0,01; après l’isoflurane: 10,0 ± 0 vs 9,3 ± 0,1, P < 0,01). Avec l’halothane, ou l’enflurane (mais non l’isoflurane), combiné au flumazénil, le score neurologique a été meilleur (2,97 ± 0,05 ou 3 ± 0) comparé à celui du placebo (2,8 ± 0,4 ou 2,6 ± 0,4, P < 0,01), respectivement. Le renversement de l’amnésie postopératoire a été supérieur avec le flumazénil à 60 min et à 24 h. Un plus grand nombre de patients traités avec le flumazénil a qualifié le réveil “d’agréable”. Il y a eu moins de frissons avec le flumazénil qu’avec le placebo, malgré la température centrale plus basse (à 30 min: halothane: 11 % vs 28%, P < 0,05; enflurane: 11 % vs 30%, P < 0,05; isoflurane: 17 % pour les deux groupes).
Conclusion
Le flumazénil améliore la récupération des fonctions cognitives et neuromotrices à la suite d’une anesthésie avec halothane, enflurane ou isoflurane. Il réduit les frissons et améliore la qualité du réveil, y compris les perceptions subjectives des patients.
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Weinbroum, A.A., Geller, E. Flumazenil improves cognitive and neuromotor emergence and attenuates shivering after halothane-, enflurane- and isoflurane-based anesthesia. Can J Anaesth 48, 963–972 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03016585
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03016585