Article PDF
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Stephen C.R. Risk factor and outcome in elderly patients: an epidemiologic study.In:Stephen C.R., Assaf RAE., eds. Geriatric anesthesia: principles and practice. Boston: Butter-worths, 1985: 345–62.
Dripps R.D., Lamont A., Eckenhoff J.E., The role of anesthesia in surgical mortality. JAMA. 1961; 178: 261–6.
Goldman L., Caldera D.L., Nussbaum S.R. et al. Multifactorial index of cardiac risk in noncardiac surgical procedures. N. Engl. J. Med. 1977; 297: 845–50.
Zeldin R.A. Assessing cardiac risk in patients who undergo noncardiac surgical procedures. Can. J. Surg. 1984; 27: 402–4.
Gerson M.C., Hurst J.M., Hertzberg V.S. et al. Cardiac prognosis in noncardiac geriatric surgery. Ann Int. Med. 1985; 103: 832–7.
Domaingue C., Davies M., Cronin K. Cardiovascular risk factors in patients for vascular surgery, Anaesth Intensive Care. 1982; 10: 324–7.
Jeffrey C.C., Kunsman J., Cullen D.J. et al. A prospective evaluation of the cardiac risk index. Anesthesiology. 1983; 58: 462–4.
Reddy E., Robbs J.V., Rubin J. Abdominal aortic aneurysm resection — operative risk and long-term results. S. Afr. Med. J. 1985; 67: 921–3.
Goldman L. Cardiac risks and complications of noncardiac surgery. Ann Int Med. 1983; 98: 504–13.
Cutler B.S., Wheeler H.B., Paraskos J.A. et al. Applicability and interpretation of electrocardiographic stress testing in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Am J Surg. 1981; 141: 501–6.
McCabe C.J., Reidy N.C., Abbott W.M. et al. The value of electrocardiogram monitoring during treadmill testing for peripheral vascular disease. Surgery. 1981; 89: 183–6.
Boucher C.A., Brewster D.C., Darling R.C. et al. Determination of cardiac risk by dipyridamole-thallium imaging before peripheral vascular surgery. N. Engl. J. Med. 1985; 312: 389–94.
Pasternack P.F., Imparato A.M., Bear G. et al. The value of radionuclide angiography as a predictor of perioperative myocardial infarction in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm resection. J. Vasc Surg. 1984; 1: 320–5.
Hertzer N.R., Beven E.G., Young J.R. et al. Coronary artery disease in peripheral vascular patients: A classification of 1000 coronary angiograms and results of surgical management. Ann Surg. 1984; 199: 223–33.
Foster E.D., Davis K.B., Carpenter J.A. et at. Risk of noncardiac operation in patients with defined coronary disease: the coronary artery surgery study (CASS) registry experience. Ann Thorac Surg. 1986; 41: 42–50.
Arous E.J., Baum P.L., Cutler B.S. The ischemic exercise test in patients with peripheral vascular disease: implications for management. Arch Surg. 1984; 119: 780–3.
Corbett C.R., Taylor P.R., Chilvers A.S. et al. Axillofemoral bypass in poor risk patients with critical ischemia. Ann Roy Cotl Surg Engl. 1984; 66: 170–2.
Bunt T.J., Manship L.L., Bynoe P.H. et al. Lower extremity amputation for peripheral vascular disease: a low-risk operation. Am Surg. 1984; 50: 581–4.
Rao T.L.K., Jacobs K.H., El-Etr A.A. Reinfarction following anesthesia in patients with myocardial infarction. Anesthesiology. 1983; 59: 499–505.
McCollum C.H., Garcia-Rinaldi R., Graham J.M. et al. Myocardial revascularization prior to major surgery in patients with coronary artery disease. Surgery. 1977; 81: 302–4.
Crawford E.S., Morris G.C., Howell J.F. et al. Operative risk in patients with previous coronary artery bypass. Ann Thorac Surg. 1978; 26; 215–21.
Principal Investigators of CASS and their associates. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). Circulation 1981; 63: Suppl 1: 1–81.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cardiac risk assessment and reduction in the elderly. Can J Anesth 34, 161–165 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03015337
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03015337