Parker EA. Compatibility digest. Am J Hosp Pharm 1969; 26: 653–5.
Google Scholar
Stoelting RK. Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1987: 102.
Google Scholar
Jones RW, Stanko GL, Gross HM. Pharmaceutical compatibilities of pentothal and nembutal. Am J Hosp Pharm 1961; 18: 700–4.
CAS
Google Scholar
Morton WD, Lerman J. The effect of pancuronium on the solubility of aqueous thiopentone. Can J Anaesth 1987; 34: 87–9.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Mallinson FB. Apparatus for preparing pentothal in bulk. Lancet 1944; 2: 473–4.
Google Scholar
Stevens EJ. Pentothal sodium: its use in continuous intravenous anesthesia and a method of preserving it in solution. Anesthesiology 1945; 6: 378–80.
Article
Google Scholar
Anderson BM. Letter. Anesthesiology 1944; 5: 87–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Robinson MH. Deterioration of solutions of pentothal sodium. Anesthesiology 1947; 8: 166–75.
CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Longfield R, Longfield J, Smith LP, Hyams KC, Strohmer, ME. Multidose medication vial, sterility: an in-use study and a review of the literature. Infection Control 1984; 5: 165–9.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Heller WM. Time limits on the use of opened multipledose vials (letter). Am J Hosp Pharm 1980; 37: 1610.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Young J, Collete TS, Brehm WF. Sterility of multipledose vials after repeated use. American Surgeon 1958; 24: 811–4.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Highsmith AK, Greenhood GP, Alien JR. Growth of nosocomial pathogens in multiple-dose parenteral medication vials. J Clin Microbiol 1982; 15: 1024–8.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Langille DB. Contamination of multiple-dose vials due to repeat use of syringes. Can Med Assoc J 1989; 140: 529–31.
Google Scholar
Ravin R, Bahr J, Luscomb F, Gooch J, Mutter S, Spittell SD. Program for bacterial surveillance of intravenous admixtures. Am J Hosp Pharm 1974; 31: 340–7.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Hanson AL, Shelley RM. Monitoring contamination levels of in-use intravenous solutions using “total sample” techniques. Am J Hosp Pharm 1974; 31: 733–5.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Volk WA, Benjamin DC, Kadner RJ, Parsons JT. Essentials of Medical Microbiology. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1986: 267.
Google Scholar
Jawetz E, Melnick JL, Adelberg EA, Brooks GF, Butel JS, Ornston LN. Medical Microbiology. 18th ed., Norwalk Conneticut/San Mateo California: Appleton & Lange, 1989:51, 363.
Google Scholar
Willett HP. Physiology of bacterial growth.In: Joklik WK, Willett HP, Amos DB (Eds.). Zinsser Microbiology, 18th ed., Norwalk Conneticut: Appleton-Century Crofts, 1984: 69.
Google Scholar
Wolin MJ, Miller TL. Bacterial anatomy, physiology and genetics.In: Freeman BA (Ed.). Burrows Textbook of Microbiology, 22nd ed., Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1985: 134.
Google Scholar
Bawden JC, Jacobson JA, Jackson JC, Anderson RK, Burke JP. Sterility and use patterns of multiple-dose vials. Am J Hosp Pharm 1982; 39: 294–7.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Trepanier CA, Lessard MR, Brochu JG, Denault PH. Risk of cross-infection related to the multiple use of disposable syringes. Can J Anaesth 1990; 37: 156–9.
PubMed
CAS
Article
Google Scholar
Kempen PM, Learned DW. Anesthesia practice — a vector of infection? Anesthesiology 1989; 71: A948.
Article
Google Scholar
Alter MJ, Ahtone J, Maynard JE. Hepatitis B virus transmission associated with a multiple-dose vial in a hemodialysis unit. Ann Intern Med 1983; 99: 330–3.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar