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Reconstituted thiopentone retains its alkalinity without bacterial contamination for up to four weeks

Abstract

The manufacturers of thiopentone recommend that after reconstitution, it should be kept only for 24 hr to reduce the risk of contamination. However, there are no studies to support this practice and compliance with this recommendation has economic implications. The reasons for discarding a reconstituted bottle of thiopentone are related to concerns about chemical and physical (pH) stability, contamination with infectious agents, and contamination with cellular material. We studied the incidence of bacterial contamination and pH stability of thiopentone in clinical use, as well as the pH stability of thiopentone not in clinical use, and surveyed the eight hospitals affiliated with the University of British Columbia to determine their protocols for thiopental preparation and storage. Cost comparisons were made between our current practice of discarding thiopentone when depleted and the practice of routinely discarding it 24 hr after reconstitution. Samples of thiopentone in clinical use were cultured daily and the pH was measured. The bottles had been in clinical use from 1 to 25 days (mean 4.23 ± 4.32 SD). Of 106 samples there were no positive bacteriological cultures and there were only minor changes in pH. The telephone survey of the eight hospitals revealed that only one had a policy to discard thiopentone after 24 hr. Cost comparisons indicate that discarding thiopentone 24 hr after reconstitution would result in increased cost. In conclusion, reconstituted thiopentone retains its alkalinity for up to four weeks, and has an acceptably low risk of bacterial contamination for periods beyond 24 hr, therefore thiopentone need not be discarded after 24 hr.

Résumé

Afin de diminuer le risque de contamination du thiopental, le fabricant recommande de jeter le produit 24 h après dilution pour utilization clinique. Cependant, une telle pratique est coûteuse et sans fondement objectif. Les raisons en faveur de la recommandation sont l’instabilité chimique et physique (pH) du médicament, ainsi que sa contamination avec des agents infectieux ou d’autres particules organiques. Nous avons déterminé l’incidence de contamination bactérienne et la stabilité du pH de solution de thiopental utilisée en clinique, ainsi que la stabilité du pH de thiopental non utilisé en clinique. De plus, nous avons évalué les protocoles de préparation et de conservation de thiopental dans huit centres hospitaliers affiliés à l’Université de Columbie Britannique. Les coûts associés à la pratique recommandee par le fabricant ont été comparés à ceux de notre pratique actuelle qui consiste à utiliser les flacons de thiopental jusqu ’à ce qu ’ils soient vides. Des échantillons de thiopental disposible en clinique étaient mis en culture à chaque jour et leur pH était mesuré. Les solutions utilisées dataient de 1 à 25 jours (moyenne de 4,23 ± 4,32 jours). Sur 106 échantillons, il n’y a eu aucune croissance bactérienne et seuls des changements mineurs de pH ont été observés. L’evaluation des huit centres hospitaliers a rélévé qu ’un seul centre suivait la recommandation du fabricant. L’étude de coût a indiqué que la pratique de jeter le thiopental 24 h après sa dilution entraînait de co▵s supplémentaires. En conclusion, le thiopental dilué maintient son alcalinité pendant au moins quatre semaines, avec des risques minimes de contamination bactérienne après 24 h. Il n ’est done pas nécessaire de jeter le thiopental 24 h après dilution.

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Wong, C.L., Warriner, C.B., McCormack, J.P. et al. Reconstituted thiopentone retains its alkalinity without bacterial contamination for up to four weeks. Can J Anaesth 39, 504–508 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03008717

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Key Words

  • anaesthetics, intravenous: thiopentone
  • complications: infections