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A comparison of the myocardial metabolic and haemodynamic changes produced by propofol-sufentanil and enflurane-sufentanil anaesthesia for patients having coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare propofol-sufentanil with enflurane-sufentanil anaesthesia for patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with respect to changes in (1) haemodynamic variables; (2) myocardial blood flow and metabolism; (3) serum cortisol, triglyceride, lipoprotein concentrations and liver function; and (4) recovery characteristics. Forty-seven patients with preserved ventricular function (ejection fraction > 40%, left ventricular enddiastolic pressure ≤ 16 mmHg) were studied. Patients in Group A (n = 24) received sufentanil 0.2 μg · kg− 1 and propofol 1– 2 mg · kg− 1 for induction of anaesthesia which was maintained with a variable rate propofol (50–200 μg · kg− 1 · min− 1) infusion and supplemental sufentanil (maximum total 5 μg · kg− 1). Patients in Group B (n = 23) received sufentanil 5 μg · kg− 1 for induction of anaesthesia which was maintained with enflurane and supplemental sufentanil (maximum total 7 μg · kg− 1). Haemodynamic and myocardial metabolic profiles were determined at the awake-sedated, post-induction, post-intubation, first skin incision, post-sternotomy, and pre-cardiopulmonary bypass intervals. Induction of anaesthesia produced a larger reduction in systolic blood pressure in Group A (156 ± 22 to 104 ± 20 mmHg vs 152 ± 26 to 124 ± 24 mmHg; P < 0.05). No statistical differences were detected at any other time or in any other variable including myocardial lactate production (n = 13 events in each group), time to tracheal extubation and time to discharge from the ICU. We concluded that, apart from hypotension on induction of anaesthesia, propofol-sufentanil anaesthesia produced anaesthetic conditions equivalent to enflurane-sufentanil anaesthesia for CABG surgery.

Résumé

Afin de comparer l’anesthésie au propofol-sufentanil avec celle à l’enflurane-sufentanil pour pontage aorto-coronarien électif concernant les variations dans 1) les données hémodynamiques; 2) le flot sanguin myocardique et métabolisme; 3) la concentration serique du cortisol, les triglycérides, les lipoprotéines et la fonction hépatique, 4) les caractéristiques de réveil. Quarantesept patients avec une fonction ventriculaire préservée (fraction d’éjection > 40%, pression diastolique de ventricule gauche à 16 mmHg) ont été étudiés. Les patients du groupe A (n = 24) ont reçu du sufentanil 0,2 μg · kg− 1 et du propofol 1– 2 mg · kg− 1 pour l’induction de l’anesthésie qui fut maintenue avec des taux variables de perfusion de propofol (50–200 μg · kg− 1 · min− 1) et un supplément de sufentanil (maximum total 5 μg · kg− 1). Les patients du groupe B (n = 23) ont reçu du sufentanil 5 μg · kg− 1 pour l’induction de l’anesthésie qui fut maintenu avec l’enflurane et des doses supplémentaires de sufentanil (dose totale maximale 7 μg · kg− 1). Les profils myocardique et hémodynamique ont été déterminé alors que le patient était réveillé sédationné, après l’induction, à l’incision cutanée, après sternotomie, et avant la CEC. L’induction de l’anesthésie a produit une plus grande diminution de la pression artérielle systolique dans le groupe A (156 ± 22 à 104 ± 20 mmHg vs 152 ± 26 à 124 ± 24 mmHg; P < 0,05). Aucune différence statistique significative ne fut détectée en aucun temps ni en aucune des autres variables incluant la production de lactate par le myocarde (n = 13 evénéments dans chaque groupe), el le temps de l’extubation jusqu’ au congé des soins intensifs. On conclut qu’à part l’hypotension lors de l’induction de l’anesthésie, le propofol-sufentanil était similaire à l’enfluranesufentanil pour la chirurgie de pontage aorto-coronarien électif.

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Supported by a grant from ICI Pharmaceutica, Wilmington, Delaware. Drs. Hall and Pollak are PMAC/ MRC Health Research Foundation Scholars.

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Hall, R.I., Murphy, J.T., Moffitt, E.A. et al. A comparison of the myocardial metabolic and haemodynamic changes produced by propofol-sufentanil and enflurane-sufentanil anaesthesia for patients having coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Can J Anaesth 38, 996–1004 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03008618

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03008618

Key words

  • anaesthetics, volatile: enflurane
  • anaesthetics, intravenous: sufentanil, propofol
  • heart: metabolism
  • surgery: cardiovascular