Summary and Conclusions
Diazepam, a new psycholeptic drug of the benzodiazepine group, is closely related pharmacologically and chemically to chlordiazepoxide. It has proven to be an excellent hypnotic when used intravenously. In 88 patients (7 cases of cardioversion, 81 cases of various cardiovascular procedures comprising 31 extraorporeal circulations) induction to halothane anaesthesia was performed using diazepam. A single intravenous dose averaging 10.7 mg. induces a rapid, calm and light sleep without producing hypotension, tachycardia, apnoea, or vagal stimulation. Narcosis must be complemented with analgesia and curarization. This was accomplished with halothane, succinylcholine, and hyperventilation. A synergistic action seems to exist between these various agents. Emergence from narcosis is rapid, though not instantaneous. So far no intolerance to this drug has been experienced.
Devoid of undesirable side-effects (such as depression of cardiorespiratory and viscero-autonomic functions) and possessing excellent hypnotic possibilities, intravenous diazepam would seem to be an excellent substitute for barbiturates for the induction of general anaesthesia. This is particularly true for poor anaesthetic risks such as cardiac patients.
RéSUMé
Le diazepam est un psycholeptique nouveau du groupe de la benzodiazepine. Il est chimiquement et pharmacologiquement voisin de la chlordiazepoxyde. Par voie veineuse et à dose suffisante, il jouit de propriétés hypnotiques remarquables qui l’ont fait utiliser comme agent d’induction.
Nous l’avons employé comme substance de départ d’une anesthésie à l’halothane chez 88 patients devant subir une cardioversion (7 cas), ou diverses interventions cardiovasculaires (81 cas, dont 30 sous circulation extracorporelle).
Le diazepam intraveineux à la dose moyenne et unique de 10.7 mg. produit un sommeil rapide, calme et léger, sans provoquer d’hypotension, de tachycardie, d’apnée ou d’hypertonie vagale. La narcose obtenue doit être completee par une analgesie et une curarisation, ce qui fut realist par l’emploi de l’halothane, de la succinylcholine et de l’hyperventilation mecanique. Une synergie d’action peut exister entre ces différents agents. Le reveil est rapide sans être instantané. Aucune intolérance générale n’est survenue jusqu’à présent.
A cause de sa composante hypnotique et de l’absence d’effets indésirables sur la respiration, la circulation et l’équilibre neuro-végétatif, le diazepam intraveineux semble etre appelé à remplacer les barbituriques comme agent d’induction en anesthésie générale, notamment chez les mauvais risques anesthe’siques, tels les cardiaques.
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McClish, A. Diazepam as an intravenous induction agent for general anaesthesia. Can. Anaes. Soc. J. 13, 562–575 (1966). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03002226
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03002226