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Genesis and growth of the red beryl from Utah (U.S.A.)

Genesi e crescila del berillo rosso dell’Utah (U.S.A.)

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Abstract

New evidence on the genesis of the red beryl from Utah (U.S.A.) is presented. By means of electron microscopy and microanalysis solid inclusions of beryl, quartz, K-feldspar, bixbyite and hematite were studied on many different sections cut parallel and perpendicular to thec axis. Data provide evidence of sharp compositional variations between protogenetic and syngenetic phases. The K-feldspar inclusions show corroded rims wherefrom potassium diffused into the surrounding beryl. The hexagonal textures of beryl around K-feldspar confirm that dissolving of this phase and of the host matrix gives rise to the best conditions for the growth of well-shaped crystals in the hard rock. Bixbyite inclusions belong to two crystallization stages, showing high Fe in the relics, and high Mn in the sharp cubic grains. Muan and Somiya’s (1962) diagram allows to evaluate a temperature of crystallization lower than 950°C for the earlier phase (55-52wt% Fe2O3). After fractionation due to metasomatic processes, the temperature of final crystallization is about 600°C as indicated by the Mn-rich phase (31-39wt% Fe2O3).

Riassunto

Nella presenteNota vengono presentate nuove ipotesi sulla genesi del berillo rosso dell’Utah (U.S.A.). Diverse sezioni di berillo tagliate perpendicolarmente o parallelamente alla direzione dell’assec sono state studiate per mezzo della microscopia elettronica e della microanalisi a raggi X. In particolare sono state analizzate le inclusioni solide di berillo, quarzo, feldspato potassico, bixbyite ed ematite rinvenute nelle diverse sezioni. I dati ottenuti mettono in evidenza importanti variazioni composizionali tra le fasi protogenetiche e singenetiche. Il feldspato potassico mostra bordi di reazione che sottolineano il suo disequilibrio. La mappa ai raggi X del potassio indica un notevole arricchimento di questo elemento nel berillo circostante, mentre quella con elettroni retroriflessi evidenzia tessiture esagonali di berillo di neoformazione attorno al feldspato potassico, dovuto ai processi metasomatici che interessano matrice e feldspati creando così le condizioni ideali per lo sviluppo di cristalli ben formati. Le inclusioni di bixbyite appartengono a due fasi di cristallizzazione caratterizzate da maggiori tenori in Fe nei relitti, che viene sostituito dal Mn nei grani perfettamente idiomorfi. Il diagramma di Muan e Somiya (1962) ha permesso di individuare un intervallo di temperatura di cristallizzazione compreso tra 950°C per le fasi protogenetiche (55-52% Fe2O3) e 600°C per le fasi singenetiche (31-39% Fe2O3).

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Nella seduta del 14 giugno 1990.

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Aurisicchio, C., Fioravanti, G., Grubessi, O. et al. Genesis and growth of the red beryl from Utah (U.S.A.). Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei 1, 393–404 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03001774

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