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Windmilling characteristics of centrifugal-flow turbojets

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Abstract

A new nondimensional method for predicting the windmilling performance of centrifugal flow turbojet engines in flight has been developed. The method incorporates loss correlations to estimate the performance of major engine components. Given basic engine geometry, flight Mach number, and ambient conditions, this method predicts transient and steady-state windmilling performance. Thus, this method can be used during the preliminary design stage when detailed hardware geometry and component performance data are not yet available. A nondimensional time parameter is newly defined, and using this parameter, the transient performance of different types of turbojets (e.g. centrifugal vs. axial) is compared. In addition, the predictions’ sensitivity to loss correlations, slip factors, and inlet ambient temperatures are analyzed.

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Abbreviations

A :

Area

a :

Acoustic velocity

b :

Blade height

C:

Absolute velocity

C f :

Friction factor

DF :

Diffusion factor

d :

Diameter

g c :

Constant in the force equation

h :

Enthalpy

I:

Moment of inertia

i :

Incidence angle

K f :

Torque coefficient

L :

Length

M :

Mach number

M u :

Tangential Mach number at tip

m :

Mass flow rate

N :

Rotational speed

P :

Total pressure

ΔP b :

Total pressure loss at combustor

Q :

Torque

R :

Gas constant

γ :

Radius

Re :

Reynolds number

S:

Entropy

T :

Temperature

t :

Time

U :

Blade rotational speed

W :

Relative velocity

Z :

Blade number

Δ:

Finite change

a :

Absolute flow angle

β :

Relative flow angle

δ :

Nondimensional excess torque

ε :

Blade tip clearance

γ :

Specific heat ratio

η :

Efficiency

K :

Kinetic energy loss coefficient

μ :

Slip factor

α :

Kinematic viscosity

θ :

Nondimensional mass flow rate

ρ :

Density

τ :

Nondimensional time

ξ :

Loss coefficient

ψ :

Blade loading coefficient

a :

Ambient condition

b :

Blade angle

bl :

Blade loading

cl :

Clearance

cΰ :

Critical

des :

Design condition

df :

Disk friction

HB :

Hydraulic mean

h :

Hub

i :

Inlet duct

in :

Stage inlet

inc :

Incidence

L :

Normal component to the optimum flow direction

LJ :

Normal component to the meridional flow direction

m :

Meridional, mechanical

mix :

Mixed conditional

n :

Step

noz :

Exhaust nozzle

opt :

Optimum

out :

Stage exit

γ :

Rotor

γc :

Recirculation

s:

Stator

sf :

Skin friction

std :

Standard consition

t :

Tip

vd :

Vaned diffuser

vld :

Vaneless diffuser

W :

Circumferential direction

0:

Stagnation state, upstream of compressor

1:

Impeller inlet

2:

Impeller exit

2D :

Vaneless diffuser inlet

2vl :

Vaneless diffuser exit

3:

Turbine rotor inlet

4:

Turbine rotor exit

′:

Relative condition

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Guseong-Dong, Yuseong-Gu, 305-701, Daejon, Korea

    Yoo Il Su

  2. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, 151-742, Seoul, Korea

    Song Seung Jin

  3. Agency for Defense Development, P.O. Box 35, Yuseong-Gu, Daejon, Korea

    Lim Jin Shik

Authors
  1. Yoo Il Su
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  2. Song Seung Jin
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  3. Lim Jin Shik
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Correspondence to Yoo Il Su.

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Su, Y.I., Jin, S.S. & Shik, L.J. Windmilling characteristics of centrifugal-flow turbojets. KSME International Journal 18, 2021–2031 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02990444

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