Kurzfassung
Für den Ursprung und die frühe Diversifizierung der Dendroidea, der wichtigsten benthischen Ordnung der Klasse Graptolithina, läßt sich für den Zeitraum Mittel- und Oberkambrium eine morphologische, stratigraphische und evolutive Entwicklungsreihe aufstellen. Die Form der Rhabdosome kann für die Klassifizierung bis hinunter zum Gattungsniveau verwendet werden. Es wird vorgeschlagen, daß sich ausDendrograptus über mehr geordnete Formen der Reihe nach die GattungenCallograptus undDictyonema, Desmograptus, Aspidograptus undAcanthograptus, und schließlich die zusammengesetztenAcanthogmptus, Thallograptus undPalaeodictyota entwickelten. Demnach hatten sich bis zum Oberkambrium alle Hauptgattungen der Familien Dendrograptidae und Acanthograptidae entwickelt. Bei den Acanthograptidae überwogen in der Folgezeit Gattungen mit zusammengesetzten Stielen, während bei den Dendrograptidae zusammengesetzte Gattungen wie beispielsweisePseudocallograptus Skevington 1963 nur eine Minderheit bildeten. Einige Gruppen, die sich von den Dendrograptidae herleiten, werden als getrennte Familien geführt, und zwar die Pseudodictyonemidae und die Stelechocladiidae (Chapman et al. 1993).
Abstract
It is argued that a morphological, stratigraphical and evolutionary series can be established in the Middle and Upper Cambrian for the origin and early diversification of the graptolite Order Dendroidea, the main benthic order of the class Graptolithina. Rhabdosomal form is shown to be useful in classification down to generic level, and it is considered thatDendrograptus gave rise through more ordered species, sequentially toCallograptus andDictyonema;Desmograptus;Aspidograptus andAcanthograptus; and then to compoundAcanthograptus, Thallograptus andPalaeodictyota. Thus by the Upper Cambrian all the main genera of the families Dendrograptidae and Acanthograptidae were established. The latter family then became dominated by genera with compound stipes; whilst a minority of compound genera arose in the Dendrograptidae such asPseudocallograptus Skevington 1963; some groups deriving from the Dendrograptidae are separated as distinct families, namely the Pseudodictyonemidae and the Stelechocladiidae (Chapman et al. 1993).
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Chapman, A.J., Durman, P.N. & Rickards, R.B. A provisional classification of the graptolite Order Dendroidea. Paläont. Z. 70, 189–202 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02988277
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02988277