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Revision of Strunian crinoids and blastoids from Germany

Revision der strunischen Crinoideen und Blastoideen Deutschlands

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Abstract

In 1930W.E. Schmidt described all known crinoids from the German Early Carboniferous, including the Etroeungt beds of Germany, which are now judged to be latest Devonian (Famennian) in age. On a global basis, Famennian camerate crinoids generally show a closer relationship to succeeding Early Carboniferous faunas than they do to older Frasnian or Middle Devonian crinoids, which also is the case for the Strunian fauna. Holdovers from older Devonian faunas include, among others,Adelocrinus, a descendant of olderArthroacantha, in England and Germany, andPetaloblastus, which is one of the youngest genera of the blastoid family Hyperoblastidae. Precursors of younger Early Carboniferous groups include platycrinoids, primitive actinocrinoids, dichocrinoids, and the blastoid genusDoryblastus, which is one of the oldest members of the family Orbitremitidae. All of these groups, which became important parts of the Early Carboniferous crinoid and blastoid radiation, give Famennian crinoid faunas much more of an Early Carboniferous than a Devonian aspect.

Rhipidocrinus schmidti n. sp. is erected for specimens that originally were reported from the Etroeungt asRhodocrinus uniarticulatus. We judge that there are currently four valid species assigned toRhipidocrinus: R. crenatus, R. perloricatus, R. praecursor, and our new species,R. schmidti. Hydriocrinus ratingensis Schmidt is reassigned to ?Sostronocrinus. We note thatSchmidt (1906), notJaekel (1906) as has been reported previously, is the author ofRhipidocrinus perloricatus. Owing to the poor preservation of the Etroeungt material, we regard the namePlatycrinites wunstorfi Schmidt 1930 to be a nomen nudum.

Kurzfassung

Im Jahre 1930 beschriebW.E. Schmidt alle damals bekannten Crinoiden des frühen Karbon Deutschlands, einschliesslich der Etroeungt-Schichten, die heute aber als spätestes Devon (Famenne) angesehen werden. Als Teil unserer laufenden weltweiten Untersuchungen an spätdevonisch bis frühkarbonischen Echinodermen haben wir nun auch die Crinoiden- und Blastoidenfauna der Etroeungt-Schichten überprüft. Auf globaler Ebene, wie auch im Fall der etroeungtischen Fauna, zeigen Kammercrinoiden des Famenne eine engere Beziehung zu den nachfolgenden frühkarbonischen Faunen als zu den älteren Crinoiden des Frasniums oder des Mitteldevons. Durchläufer aus den älteren devonischen Faunen schließen unter anderemAdelocrinus, einen Abkömmling der älterenArthroacantha Englands und Deutschlands ein, sowiePetaloblastus, eine der jüngsten Gattungen der Blastoidenfamilie Hyperoblastidae. Vorläufer jüngerer frühkarbonischer Gruppen beinhalten Platycrinoiden, primitive Actinocrinoiden, Dichocrinoiden und die BlastoidengattungDoryblastus, eines der ältesten Glieder der Familie Orbitremitidae. All diese Gruppen, die sich im frühen Karbon zu wichtigen Bestandteilen der Crinoiden- und Blastoidenverbreitung entwickelten, verleihen den Crinoidenfaunen des Famenniums einen mehr frühkarbonischen als devonischen Charakter.

Rhipidocrinus schmidti n. sp. bezieht sich auf Exemplare, über die ursprünglich aus dem Etroeungt berichtet wurde, wieRhodocrinus unarticulatus. Wir gehen davon aus, dass es heute vier gültige Spezies gibt, dieRhipidocrinus zugeschrieben werden:R. crenatus, R. perloricatus, R. praecursor sowie unsere neue SpeziesR. schmidti. Hydriocrinus ratingensis Schmidt wird wieder ?Sostrocrinus zugeordnet. Wir möchten anmerken, dassSchmidt (1906) und nichtJaekel (1906), wie früher berichtet, der Autor vonRhipidocrinus perloricatus ist. Aufgrund der schlechten Erhaltung des Etroeungt-Materials betrachten wir den NamenPlatycrinites wunstorfi (Schmidt, 1930) als nomen nudum.

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  1. Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, 47405, Bloomington, IN, USA

    N. Gary Lane & Christopher G. Maples

  2. Department of Geology, State University of West Georgia, 30118, Carrollton, GA, USA

    Johnny A. Waters

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Lane, N.G., Maples, C.G. & Waters, J.A. Revision of Strunian crinoids and blastoids from Germany. Paläontol Z 75, 233–252 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02988017

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