Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Deposition of semivolatile organic compounds to spruce needles

I. Calculation of dry and wet fluxes

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The deposition of atmospheric tetrachlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, α-HCH, γ-HCH, DDT, DDE and the PCB congeners 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180 to spruce needles (Picea abies) was estimated for a period of 9 months. Accumulation in spruce as a result of dry gaseous deposition, particle bound deposition and wet deposition was calculated on the basis of the corresponding deposition rates and the compounds’ concentrations in the different atmospheric compartments. The comparison of the calculated values with the concentrations of the compounds measured in 9-month-old spruce needles showed that for many compounds each deposition pathway could explain a large part of the concentrations found in the needles.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature

  1. J. B. Stevens;E. N. Gerbec: Dioxin in the Agricultural Food Chain. Risk Analysis 8, 329 (1988)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. J. B. Stevens;D. L. Swackhamer: Environmental Pollution. A Multimedia Approach to Modeling Human Exposure. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23, 1180 (1989)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. G. F. Fries;D. J. Paustenbach Evaluation of Potential Transmission of 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-Contaminated Incinerator Emissions to Human Foods. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 29, 1 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. M. S. McLachlan;O. Hutzinger: Accumulation of Organochlorine Compounds in Agricultural Food Chains. In:O. Hutzinger;H. Fiedler: Organohalogen Compounds Vol.1, Ecoinforma Press, Bayreuth 1990, pp. 479

    Google Scholar 

  5. M. S. McLachlan: Die Anreicherung von PCDD/F in Nahrungsketten. Wissensstand — November, 1991. In:O. Hutzinger;H. Fiedler: Organohalogen Compounds Vol. 6, Ecoinforma Press, Bayreuth 1991, pp. 183

    Google Scholar 

  6. H. Frank;W. Frank: Chlorophyll-Bleaching by Atmospheric Pollutants and Sunlight. A Probable Cause of the Tree Damage Observed in the Recent Years. Naturwissenschaften 72, 139 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. G. Grimmer;W. Schmidt: Modellversuche zur Phytotoxizität von Halogenkohlenwasserstoffen. Angew. Chem. Intern. Ed. 25, 808 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. R. Erning: Modellversuche zur phytotoxischen Wirkung von chlorierten Kohlenwasserstoffen und anderen organischen Substanzen auf b-Karotin. Zulassungsarbeit, Fachhochschule Münster 1987

  9. P. Schröder; A. Weiss; C. Berkau: Untersuchungen zur Deposition und Entgiftung luftgetragener Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe in Fichtennadeln. Report of the 2. Statusseminar der PBWU zum Forschungsschwerpunkt Waldschäden, Neuherberg 1991, pp. 525

  10. G. Rippen;Z. Zietz;R. Frank;T. Knacker;W. Klöpffer: Do Airborne Nitrophenols Contribute to Forest Decline? Environ. Technol. Letters 8, 475 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. D. Calamari;E. Bacci;S. Focardi;C. Gaggi;M. Morosini;M. Vighi: Role of Plant Biomass in the Global Environmental Partitioning of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons. Environ. Sci. Technol. 8, 1489 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. J. F. Pankow: A Simple Box Model for the Annual Cycle of Partitioning of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds between the Atmosphere and Earth’s Surface. Atmos. Environ. 27, 1139 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  13. R. Jonas;M. Horbert;W. Pflug: Die Filterwirkung von Wäldern gegenüber staubbelasteter Luft. Forstw. Cbl. 104, 289 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. L. Streubig;R. Klee: Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Staubfilterwirkung von Laub- und Nadelgehölzen. Angew. Botanik 44, 73 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  15. E. Bacci;C. Gaggi: Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Vapours and Plant Foliage: Kinetics and Applications. Chemosphere 16, 2515 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. E. H. Buckley: Accumulation of Airborne Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Foliage. Science 216, 520 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. W. Thomas;A. Rühling;H. Simon: Accumulation of Airborne Pollutants (PAH, Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, Heavy Metals) in Various Plant Species and Humus. Environ. Pollut. Ser. A 36, 295 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. W. Thomas: Accumulation of Airborne Trace Pollutants by Arctic Plants and Soil. Wat. Sci. Tech. 18, 47 (1986)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. C. Gaggi;E. Bacci;D. Calamari;R. Fanelli: Chlorinated Hydrocarnbons in Plant Foliage: An Indication of the Tropospheric Contamination Level. Chemosphere 14, 1673 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. R. H. Smilie;J. S. Waid: Australia wide Monitoring of Airborne Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) using Eucalypt Foliage. Search 17, 216 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  21. A. Reischl;M. Reissinger;H. Thoma;O. Hutzinger: Die Erfassung der atmosphärischen Verteilung von Dioxinen und Furanen mit Hilfe pflanzlicher Oberflächen. VDI-Berichte 634, 349 (1987)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. R. Herrmann;I. Baumgartner: Regional Variation of Selected Polyaromatic and Chlorinated Hydrocarbons over the South Island of New Zealand as Indicated by their Content in Pinus radiata Needles. Environ. Pollut. 46, 63 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. A. Reischl;M. Reissinger;H. Thoma;O. Hutzinger: Accumulation of Organic Air Constituents by Plant Surfaces Part IV. Plant Surfaces: A Sampling System for Atmospheric Polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and Polychlorodibenzo-p-furan (PCDF). Chemosphere 18, 561 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. G. Eriksson;S. Jensen;H. Kylin;W. Strachan: The Pine Needle as a Monitor of Atmospheric Pollution. Nature 341, 42 (1989)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. S. Jensen;G. Eriksson;H. Kylin;M. J. Strachan: Atmospheric Pollution by Persistent Organic Compounds: Monitoring with Pine Needles. Chemosphere 24, 229 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. S. Safe;K. W. Brown;K. C. Donnelly;C. S. Anderson;K. V. Markiewitz;M. S. McLachlan;A. Reischl;O. Hutzinger: Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans Associated with Wood-Preserving Chemical Sites: Biomonitoring with Pine Needles. Environ. Sci. Technol. 26, 394 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Morosini;J. Schreitmüller;U. Reuter;K. Ballschmiter: Correlation Between C-6/C-14 Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Levels in the Vegetation and in the Boundary Layer of the Troposphere. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27, 1517 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. S. Paterson;D. Mackay;D. Tam;W. Y. Shiu: Uptake of Organic Chemicals by Plants: A Review of Processes, Correlations and Models. Chemosphere 21, 297 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. C. C. Travis;H. A. Hattemer-Frey: Uptake of Organics by Aerial Plant Parts: A Call for Research. Chemosphere 17, 277 (1988)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. T. F. Bidleman: Atmospheric Processes. Wet and Dry Deposition of Organic Compounds are Controlled by their Vapor-Particle Partitioning. Environ. Sci. Technol. 22, 361 (1988)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. A. Reischl;M. Reissinger;H. Thoma;O. Hutzinger: Uptake and Accumulation of PCDD/F in Terrestrial Plants, Basic Considerations. Chemosphere 19, 467 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. A. Reischl;K.-W. Schramm;A. Beard;M. Reissinger;O. Hutzinger: Akkumulationskinetik schwerflüchtiger atmosphärischer Kohlenwasserstoffe in Koniferennadeln. VDI-Berichte 745, 511 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  33. M. S. McLachlan; A. Reischl; M. Reissinger: Monitoring of Organic Air Pollutants using Terrestrial Plants. In: Man and his Ecosystem, Proceedings of the 8th World Clean Air Congress Vol. 2, The Hague 1989, pp. 87

  34. J. K. McCrady;S. P. Maggard: Uptake and Photodegradation of 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetradibenzo-p-dioxin Sorbed to Grass Foliage. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27, 343 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. E. Bacci;M. J. Cerejeira;C. Gaggi;G. Chemello;D. Calamari;M. Vighi: Bioconcentration of Organic Chemical Vapors in Plant Leaves: The Azalea Model. Chemosphere 21, 525 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. M. Riederer: Estimating Partitioning and Transport of Organic Chemicals in the Foliage/Atmosphere System: Discussion of a Fugacity-Based Model. Environ. Sci. Technol. 24, 829 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. S. Trapp;M. Matthies;I. Scheunert;E. M. Topp: Modelling the Bioconcentration of Organic Chemicals in Plants. Environ. Sci. Technol. 24, 1246 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. S. Paterson;D. Mackay;A. Gladman: A Fugacity Model of Chemical Uptake by Plants from Soil and Air. Chemosphere 23, 539 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. C. F. Baes;R. D. Sharp;A. L. Sjoreen;R. W. Shor: A Review and Analysis of Parameters for Assessing Transport of Environmentally Released Radionuclides through Agriculture. ORNL-5786, Oak Ridge Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. 1984

    Google Scholar 

  40. C. C. Travis;H. A. Hattemer-Frey: Human Exposure to Dioxin. Sci. Total. Environ. 104, 97 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. G. Mitscherlich: Wald, Wachstum und Umwelt Bd. 2: Waldklima und Wasserhaushalt. Frankfurt am Main 1971, pp. 184

  42. P. J. Zinke: Forest Interception Studies in the United States. In:W. E. Sopper;H. W. Lull: Forest Hydrology, Pergamon Press, Oxford 1967, pp. 137

    Google Scholar 

  43. H. Kaupp;G. Umlauf: Atmospheric Gas-Particle Partitioning of Organic Compounds: Comparison of Sampling Methods. Atmos. Environ. 26, 2259 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  44. A. Reischl: Akkumulation luftbürtiger chlorierter Kohlenwasserstoffe in Koniferennadeln. Doctoral Thesis, University of Bayreuth 1988

  45. BUNDESMINISTERIUM FÜR FORSCHUNG UND TECHNOLOGIE: Koniferennadeln als Sammler organischer Luftschadstoffe. BMFT Report Nr. 0743124-7, 1992

  46. G. Umlauf;H. Hauk;M. Reissinger: The Distribution of Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Conifer Needles Following Gas Phase Contamination. Chemosphere 28, 1689 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. A. Shemel: Particle and Gas Dry Deposition: A Review. Atmos. Environ. 14, 983 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. G. Gravenhorst;A. Waraghai: Depositionsgeschwindigkeit luftgetragener Partikel für einen Fichtenbestand. VDI Berichte 837, 119 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  49. H. Schmidt-Vogt: Die Fichte Vol. 1, Paul Parey, Hamburg 1977, pp. 56

    Google Scholar 

  50. W. Thommes; E. Schulz: Klimagutachten, Klimaanalyse für die Gemeinde Warmensteinach, Landkreis Bayreuth, zur Anerkennung als heilklimatischer Kurort. Dtsch. Wetterdienst Nürnberg 1983

  51. J. C. Duinker;F. Bouchertall: On the Distribution of Atmospheric Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners between Vapor Phase, Aerosols, and Rain. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23, 57 (1989)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. G. Umlauf: Unpublished data. University of Bayreuth 1992

  53. W. Thomas: Konzentration und Einträge von PCA, Chlorkohlenwasserstoffen und Spurenmetallen im Niederschlag — Vergleich stadtnaher und ländlicher Untersuchungsstandorte. DGM 25, 120 (1981)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. R. Eiden;J. Förster;K. Peters;F. Trautner;R. Herterich;G. Gietl: Air Pollution and Deposition. In:E.-D. Schulze;O. L. Lange;R. Oren: Forest Decline and Air Pollution, Ecological Studies Vol. 77, Springer, Berlin 1989, pp. 57

    Google Scholar 

  55. A. Wyttenbach;L. Tobler;S. Bajo: Deposition of Aerosol on Spruce Needles and its Chemical Composition. J. Aerosol. Sci. 18, 609 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. N. Simmleit;H. H. Rump;H.-R. Schulten: Nichtabwaschbare Aerosolteilchen auf den Oberflächen von Koniferennadeln. Staub Reinhalt. Luft 46, 256 (1986)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chair of Ecological Chemistry and Geochemistry, University of Bayreuth, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany

    Gunther Umlauf & Michael McLachlan

Authors
  1. Gunther Umlauf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael McLachlan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Umlauf, G., McLachlan, M. Deposition of semivolatile organic compounds to spruce needles. Environ. Sci. & Pollut. Res. 1, 146–150 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02986937

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02986937

Keywords

Search

Navigation