Abstract
The study has been performed in a supposedly clean-air region of a Northern Finnish forest with a homogeneous stand of Scots pine. Stomatal epicuticular wax layer erosion is described using a classification system of five erosion stages. The percentage of stomatal wax within each erosion stage is calculated and the results are treated statistically, which makes the morphological study of the needle surface semi-quantitative. Severe wax degradation has already been found in the current year, increasing with the age of the needles. In this area, the wax layer erosion is correlated with secondary air pollutants, as analyses have shown high trichloroacetate (TCA) levels in needles from the same trees. The wax layer analyses are in accordance with earlier findings which have demonstrated differences in tolerance to TCA.
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Gullvåg, B.M., Frank, H. & Norokorpi, Y. Secondary air pollutants. Environ. Sci. & Pollut. Res. 3, 159–162 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02985526
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02985526
Key words
- Organic xenobiotics
- impact
- metabolism
- toxicity
- impact, organic xenobiotics
- metabolism, organic xenobiotics
- toxicity, organic xenobiotics
- air pollutants,secondary
- secondary air pollutants
- epistomatal wax erosion
- erosion, wax, epistomatal
- pine needles
- needles, spruce trees
- volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
- photooxidation, VOCs
- airborne C2 halocarbons
- haloacetic acids
- trichloroacetic acid (TCA)
- dichloroacetic acid
- monochloroacetic acid (MCA)
- trifluoroacetic acid
- phytotoxic secondary air pollutants
- ecosystems, forests
- alkylbenzenes, atmospheric oxidation
- nitrophenols, phytotoxic
- TCA, bioindicator
- bioindicator, TCA
- herbicidal secondary air pollutants