Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ozone and grosswetterlagen

Analysis for the Munich Metropolitan Area

  • Review Articles: Special Issue “Ozone”
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Meteorological conditions have a decisive impact on surface ozone concentrations. In this study, an empirical model is used to explain the interdependence of ozone and grosswetterlagen. Different meteorological parameters such as air temperature, global solar radiation, relative humidity, wind direction and wind speed are used. Additional nitric oxide (NO) was taken as a representative for the emission situation and ozone maximum of the preceding day in order to evaluate the development of the photochemical situation. The dataset includes data collected over a period of three years (1992–1994) from three stations outside of Munich and one in the center of Munich.

All values become variables by calculating means, sums or maxima of the basic dataset consisting of half-hour means. Seasonal periodicity of data is detected with Fourier analysis and eliminated by a division method after computing a seasonal index.

The dataset is divided into three different grosswetterlagen groups, depending on main wind direction. One mostly cyclonic (westerly winds), onemixed (alternating winds) and one onlyanticyclonic (easterly winds). The last is completed with one summertime group including values from April to August.

Factor analysis is performed for each group to obtain independent linear variable combinations. Overall, relative humidity is the dominant parameter, a typical value indicating meteorological conditions during a grosswetterlage.

Linear multiple regression analysis is performed using the factors obtained to reveal how the ozone concentrations are explained in terms of meteorological parameters and NO. The results improve from cyclonic to anticyclonic grosswetterlagen in conformance with the increasing significance of photochemistry, indicated by the high solar radiation and high temperature, and the low relative humidity and low wind speed. The explained variance r2 reaches its maximum with more than 50 % of the time in Munich center.

This empirical model is applicable to the forecasting of local ozone maximum concentrations with a total standard error deviation of 8.5 to 12.8 % and, if ozone concentrations exceed 80 ppb, with a standard error deviation of 5.4 to 9.5 %.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aron, R. H.;I. Aron: Statistical Forecasting Models: II. Oxidant Concentrations in the Los Angeles Basin. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, Vol. 28, No. 7, pp. 684–688 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Backhaus, K.;B. Erichson;W. Plinke;C. Schuchard-Ficher;R. Weiber: Multivariate Analysemethoden. Eine anwendungsorientierte Einführung 4. neu bearb. u. erw. Aufl., Springer, Berlin u.a. (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahrenberg, G.;E. Giese;J. Nipper: Statistische Methoden in der Geographie. Bd.2: Multivariate Statistik. 2. Aufl., Teubner, Stuttgart (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • Beilke, S.: Meteorologische Voraussetzungen für die Bildung von Ozon und Sommersmog. Ozon-Symposium in München 2.–4. Juli 1991 veranstaltet vom Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit und Bayerischen Staatsministerium für Landesentwicklung und Umweltfragen, TÜV-Akademie Bayern/Hessen u.a., München (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bigler-Engler, V.;H. W. Brown: Analysis of an Ozone Episode during the San Diego Air Quality Study: The Significance of Transport Aloft. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 34, No. 8, pp. 1863–1876 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Böllmann, U.: Veröffentlichung von Ozonmeßdaten und ausgewählte Ozonprognosemodelle. Bericht zur Informationsveranstaltung „Ozon in Bayern“, Wackersdorf, S. 7–40 (1995)

  • Bruckmann, P.;E. W. Langensiepen: Untersuchungen über Zusammenhänge zwischen Ozonkonzentration und meteorologischen Parametern im Rhein-Ruhr-Gebiet. Staub, Reinhaltung der Luft, Bd. 41, H. 3, S. 79–85 (1981)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burrows, W. R.;M. Benjamin;S. Beauchamp;E. R. Lord;D. Collor;B. Thomson: CART Decision-Tree Statistical Analysis and Prediction of Summer Season Maximum Surface Ozone for the Vancouver, Montreal, and Atlantic Regions of Canada. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 34, No. 8, pp. 1848–1862 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chock, D. P.: Issues Regarding the Ozone Air Quality Standards. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, Vol. 41, pp. 148–152 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, T. L.;T. R. Karl: Application of Prognostic Meteorological Variables to Forecasts of Daily Maximum One-Hour Ozone Concentrations in the Northeastern United States. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 21, No. 11, pp. 1662–1671 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Comrie, A. C.: The Climatology of Surface Ozone in Rural Areas. A Conceptual Model. Progress in Physical Geography, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 295–316 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Comrie, A. C.: An Enhanced Synoptic Climatology of Ozone Using a Sequenzing Technique in: Physical Geography, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 53–65 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cvitas, T.;H. Güsten;L. Klasinc: Statistical Association of the Photochemical Ozone Concentrations in the Lower Atmosphere of Zagreb with Meteorological Variables. Staub, Reinhaltung der Luft, Bd. 39, H. 3, pp. 92–95 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dye ,T. S.;P. T. Roberts, M. E. Korc: Observations of Transport Processes for Ozone and Ozone Precursors during the 1991 Lake Michigan Ozone Study. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 34, No. 8, pp. 1877–1889 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eder, B. K.;J. M. Davis, P. Bloomfield: An Automated Classification Scheme Designed to Better Elucidate the Dependence of Ozone on Meteorology. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 33, No., pp. 1182–1199 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fabian, P.;C. Haustein;G. Jakobi;B. Rappenglück;P. Suppan;P. Steil: Photochemical Smog in the Munich Metropolitan Area. Contributions to Atmospheric Physics, Vol. 67, No. 1, pp. 39–56 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fabian, P.;P.G. Pruchniewicz: Meridional Distribution of Ozone in the Troposphere and its Seasonal Variations. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 82, No. 15, pp. 2063–2073 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feister, U.;K. Balzer: Surface Ozone and Meteorological Predictors on a Subregional Scale. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 25 A, No. 9, pp. 1781–1790 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishman, J.;P. J. Crutzen: The Origin of Ozone in the Troposphere. Nature, Vol. 274, No. 8, pp. 855–858 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fricke, W.;B. Schreiber: Darstellung von Zusammenhängen zwischen Ozon und Großwetterlagen mit Hilfe von Boxplots. Berichte des Instituts für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Universität Frankfurt am Main, Nr. 80, Prof. Hans-Walter Georgii zum 65. Geburtstag., Frankfurt am Main (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • Guichert, R.;H. van Dop: Photochemical Production of Ozone in Western Europe (1971–1975) and its Relation to Meteorology. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 145–155 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haustein von Haustenau, C.: Messungen verkehrsbedingter Luftschadstoffe im Raum München. Meteorologisches Institut, Universität München, Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen, Nr. 65 (1993)

  • Hess, P.; H. Brezowsky: Katalog der Großwetterlagen Europas. 2. neu bearb. u. erg. Aufl., Offenbach am Main (1969) (Berichte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes, Nr. 113)

  • Kahler, W.: SPSS für Windows Datenanalyse unter Windows. 2. Auflage, Vieweg, Braunschweig (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, N. A.;M. A. Ferman;G. T. Wolff: The Chemical and Meteorological Conditions Associated with High and Low Ozone Concentrations in Southeastern Michigan and Nearby Areas of Ontario. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 150–158 (1986)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lefohn, A. S.;D. S. Shadwick;U. Feister;V. A. Mohnen: SurfaceLevel Ozone: Climate Change and Evidence for Trends. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 136–144 (1992)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, C;C. Huang;S. Shieh;C. Wu: Important Meteorological Parameters for Ozone Episodes Experienced in the Taipei Basin. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 159–173 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marinell, G.: Multivariate Verfahren. Einführung für Studierende und Praktiker. 4. erw. Aufl., Oldenbourg, München u.a. (1995)

  • Monn, CH.;O. Braendli;G. Schaeppi;CH. Schindler;U. Acker-Mann-Liebrich;PH. Leuenberger: Particular Matter < 10 μm (PM10) and Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) in Urban, Rural and Alpine Air in Swizerland. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 29, No. 19, pp. 2565–2573 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muschalik, B.;H.W. Georgii: Der Einfluß meteorologischer Parameter auf die bodennahe Oxidantienverteilung. Forschungsbericht des Institutes für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Universität Frankfurt am Main im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Umweltforschungsplan des Bundesministers des Innern, Luftreinhaltung (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Niccum, E. M.;D. E. Lehrman;W. R. Knuth: The Influence of Meteorology on the Air Quality in the San Luis Obispo County — Southwestern San Joaquim Valley Region for 3–6 August 1990. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 34, No. 8, pp. 1834–1847 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pagnotti, V: Seasonal Ozone Levels and Control by Seasonal Meteorology. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 206–210 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pryor, S.C.;I.G. McKendry;D.G. Steyn: Synoptic-Scale Meteorological Variability and Surface Ozone Concentrations in Vancouver, British Columbia. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 34, No. 8, pp. 1824–1833 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puxbaum, H.: Bildungswege des bodennahen Ozons. Göch Symposium „Bodennahes Ozon“, 12. und 13. November 1990, Hg. Gesellschaft Österreichischer Chemiker, Riegelnik, Wien (1990) (Schriftenreihe „Umweltschutz“, Bd. 11, S. 5–25)

    Google Scholar 

  • Revlett, G. H.: Ozone Forecasting Using Empirical Modeling. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 338–343 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robeson, S.M.;D.G. Steyn: Evaluation and Comparison of Statistical Forecast Models for Daily Maximum Ozone Concentrations. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 24 B, No. 2, pp. 303–312 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, W. F.: Forecasting Severe Ozone Episodes in the Baltimore Metropolitan Area. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 29, No. 17, pp. 2387–2398 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, M.;P. Fabian: Relationship between Tropospheric Ozone Concentration and the General Weather Situation. Contribution to Atmospheric Physics, Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 63–73 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spiegel, M. R.: Statistik. 2. überarb. u. erw. Aufl., Hauser, München u. McGraw-Hill, Hamburg (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • Steil, P.: Ozonkonzentrationen im Stadtgebiet — Charakteristika und Zusammenhänge am Beispiel der LÜB-Station Lothstraße in München. Bayerisches Landesamt für Umweltschutz (Hrsg.), München (1994)

  • Volz, A.; H. Geiss; S. McKeen; D. Kley: Correlation of Ozone and Solar Radiation at Montsouris and Hohenpeissenberg: Indications for Photochemical Influence. Ozone in the Atmosphere. Procedings of the Quadrennial Ozone Symposium 1988 and Tropospheric Ozone Workshop, Göttingen 4.–13. August 1988. Ed. Bojkov Rumen D., Fabian Peter. Deepak, Hampton, Va. (1989) (Studies in Geophysical Optics and Remote Sensing), pp. 447–450

  • Vukovich, F. M.: Regional-Scale Boundary Layer Ozone Variations in the Eastern United States and their Association with Meteorological Variations. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 29, No. 17, pp. 2259–2273 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vukovich, F. M.;W. D. JR.Bach;B. W. Crissman;W. J. King: On the Realtionship between High Ozone in the Rural Surface Layer and High Pressure Systems. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 11, pp. 967–983 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vukovich, F. M.;J. Fishman: The Climatology of Summertime O3 and SO2 (1977–1981). Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 20, No. 12, pp. 2423–2433 (1986)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, G. T.;P. J. Lioy: An Empirical Model for Forecasting Maximum Daily Ozone Levels in the Northeastern U.S. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, Vol. 28, No. 10, pp. 1034–1038 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Bioklimatologie und Immissionsforschung, Universität München, Hohenbachstr. 22, D-85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany

    Nicole Spichtinger, Martin Winterhalter & Peter Fabian

Authors
  1. Nicole Spichtinger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Martin Winterhalter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Peter Fabian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Spichtinger, N., Winterhalter, M. & Fabian, P. Ozone and grosswetterlagen. Environ. Sci. & Pollut. Res. 3, 145–152 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02985522

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02985522

Keywords

Search

Navigation