Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of the host, the pathogen, the environment and their interactions, on fusarium wilt in carnation

  • Minireview
  • Published:
Phytoparasitica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi causes severe wilting in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) worldwide. The pathogen is present in the soil profile in which carnation roots are distributed and may infect the plants at any time during the growing season. To minimize the losses induced by Fusarium wilt, growers use carnation cuttings free ofFusarium spp. and fumigate the soil with methyl bromide prior to planting. The severity of epidemics and the resulting losses are governed by the main and interacting effects of the three components of the disease syndrome: the host, the pathogen and the environment. Host variables include the type and the degree of cultivar resistance (i.e., complete, partial or tolerance); pathogen variables include the race, its virulence and infectivity, and the amount of initial inoculum; environmental variables include solar radiation intensity, photoperiod, temperature and the growth substrate. In the present review the information available on the effect of the host, the pathogen and the environment, and their interactions, on Fusarium wilt in carnation is summarized.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Aloi, C. and Baayen, R.P. (1993) Examination of the relationships between vegetative compatibility groups and races onFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi. Plant Pathol. 42:839–850.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Alon, H., Katan, J. and Kedar, N. (1974) Factors affecting penetrance of resistance toFusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici in tomatoes.Phytopathology 64:455–461.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Arus, P., Liaurado, M. and Pera, J. (1992) Progeny analysis of crosses between genotypes resistant and susceptible toFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi race 2.Acta Hortic. 307:57–65.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Baayen, R.P. (1986) Regeneration of vascular tissues in relation to Fusarium wilt resistance of carnation.Neth. J. Plant Pathol. 92: 273–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Baayen, R.P. (1988) Responses related to lignification and intravascular periderm formation in carnations resistant to Fusarium wilt.Can. J. Bot. 66: 784–792.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Baayen, R.P. and Elgersma, D.M. (1985) Colonization and histopathology of susceptible and resistant carnation cultivars infected withFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi. Neth. J. Plant Pathol. 91: 119–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Baayen, R.P., Elgersma D.M., Demmink, J.F. and Spranaaij, L.D. (1988) Differences in pathogenesis observed among susceptible interactions of carnation with four races ofFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi. Neth. J. Plant Pathol. 94: 81–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Baayen, R.P. and Schrama, R.M. (1990) Comparison of five stem inoculation methods with respect to phytoalexin accumulation and Fusarium wilt development in carnation.Neth. J. Plant Pathol. 93:315–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Baayen, R.P., Sparnaaij, L.D., Jansen, J. and Niemann, G.J. (1991) Inheritance of resistance in carnation againstFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi races 1 and 2, in relation to resistance components.Neth. J. Plant Pathol. 97:73–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Baker, R. (1980) Measures to control Fusarium and Phytophthora wilt of carnation.Plant Dis. 64:743–749.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ben-Yephet, Y. (1979) Isolate source and daylight intensity effects in the pathogenicity ofVerticillium dahliae in watermelon seedlings.Phytopathology 69:1069–1072.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ben-Yephet, Y. and Pilowsky, M. (1979) A method for determining susceptibility of tomatoes toVerticillium dahliae in the greenhouse.Plant Dis. Rep. 63:66–69.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ben-Yephet, Y, Reuven, M. and Genizi, A. (1994) Effects of inoculum depth and density on Fusarium wilt in carnations.Phytopathology 84:1393–1398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Ben-Yephet, Y, Reuven, M., Lampel, M., Nitzani, Y and Mor, Y. (1992)Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi races in carnation.Phytoparasitica 20:225 (abstr.).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ben-Yephet, Y, Reuven, M. and Mor, Y (1993) Selection methods for determining resistance of carnation cultivars toFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi. Plant Pathol. 42:517–521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ben-Yephet, Y, Reuven, M., Szmulewich, Y, Nitzani, Y and Mor, Y. (1992) Susceptibility reaction of carnation cultivars toFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi in an infested field and in spore suspension.Acta Hortic. 307:83–89.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ben-Yephet, Y, Reuven, M., Zviebil, A. and Shtienberg, D. (1996) Effect of abiotic variables on the response of carnation cultivars toFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi. Plant Pathol. 45:98- 105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Ben-Yephet, Y, Reuven, M., Zviebil, A. and Shtienberg, D. (1996) Effects of initial inoculum and cultivar resistance on incidence of Fusarium wilt and population densities ofFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi on carnation and in soil.Phytopathology 86:751–756.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Ben-Yephet, Y. and Shtienberg, D. (1994) Effect of solar radiation and temperature on Fusarium wilt in carnation.Phytopathology 84:1416–1421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ben-Yephet, Y, Shtienberg, D., Reuven, M. and Mor, Y. (1993) Response of carnation cultivars toFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi in the field.Neth. J. Plant Pathol. 99:3–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Bhatti, M.A. and Kraft, J.M. (1992) Effects of inoculum density and temperature on root rot and wilt of chickpea.Plant Dis. 76:50–54.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Blanc, H. (1983) Carnation breeding for resistance toFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi: practical achievement of resistant cultivars.Acta Hortic. 141:43–47.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bosland, P.W., Williams, P.F. and Morrison, R.H. (1988) Influence of soil temperature on the expression of yellows and wilt of crucifers byFusarium oxysporum.Plant Dis. 72:777–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Browne, C.A. (1942) Leibig and the Law of the Minimum.in: Moulton, F.R. [Ed.] Leibig and after Leibig.Publ. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 16: 71–82.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Busch, L.V. and Edgington, L.V. (1967) Correlation of photoperiod with tuberization and susceptibility of potato toVerticillium albo-atrum.Can. J. Bot. 45:691–693.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Carrier, L.M. (1977) Breeding carnations for disease resistance in southern California.Acta Hortic. 71:182–187.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Cirulli, M. and Ciccarese, F. (1980) Influenza di alcuni fattori sull espression delle resistanze poligenica e monogenica aFusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersid nel pomodoro.Inf. Fitopatol. 11-12:49–53.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Elmer, W.H. and Lacy, M.L. (1987) Effects of inoculum densities ofFusarium oxysporum f.sp.apii in organic soil on disease expression in celery.Plant Dis. 71:1086–1089.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Farquhar, G.D. and von Caemmerer, S. (1982) Modelling of photosynthetic response to environmental conditions,in: Lange, O.L., Nobel, P.S., Osmond, C.B. and Ziegler, H. [Eds.] Physiological Plant Ecology II. Water Relations and Carbon Assimilation. pp. 549–587. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Fletcher, J.T. and Martin, J.A. (1972) Spread and control of Fusarium wilt of carnations.Plant Pathol. 21:182–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Gardiner, D.C., Horst, R.K. and Nelson, RE. (1989) Influence of night temperature on disease development in Fusarium wilt of chrysanthemum.Plant Dis. 73:34–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Garibaldi, A.E. (1983) Resistanza di cultivar di garofano neiconfornti di otto patoptipi diFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi (Prill, et Del.) Snyd. et Hans.Riv. Fruttic. Ortofloric. Ital. 67:261–270.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Garibaldi, D.C. and Nelson, P.E. (1989) Influence of night temperature on disease development in Fusarium wilt of chrysanthemum.Plant Dis. 73:34–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Harling, R. and Taylor, G.S. (1985) A light microscope study of resistant and susceptible carnations infected withFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi. Can. J. Bot. 63: 638–646.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Harling, R., Taylor, G.S., Matthews, P. and Arthur, A.E. (1988) The effect of temperature on symptom expression and colonization in resistant and susceptible carnation cultivars infected withFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi. J. Phytopathol. 121:103–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Harris, A.R. and Ferris, H. (1991) Interaction betweenFusarium oxysporum f.sp.tracheiphilum andMeloidogyne spp. inVigna unguiculata. I. Effects of different inoculum densities on Fusarium wilt.Plant Pathol. 40:445–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Hood, J.R. and Stewart, R.N. (1957) Factors affecting symptom expression in Fusarium wilt ofDianthus.Phytopathology 47:173–178.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Jones, J.R, Crill, P. and Volin, R.B. (1975) Effect of light duration on Verticillium wilt of tomato.Phytopathology 65:647–648.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Katan, J. (1988) Soil temperature interactions with the biotic components of vascular wilt diseases.in: Tjamos, E.C. and Beckman, C.H. [Eds.] Vascular Wilt Disease of Plants, Basic Studies and Control. pp. 352–366. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Manulis, S., Kogan, N., Reuven, M. and Ben-Yephet, Y. (1994) Use of the RAPD technique for the identification ofFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi from carnation.Phytopathology 84:98- 101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Marois, J.J. and Mitchell, D.J. (1981) Effects of fumigation and fungal antagonists on the relationships of inoculum density to infection incidence and disease severity in Fusarium crown rot of tomato.Phytopathology 71:167–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Niemann, G.J. (1992) The mechanism of resistance of carnation to wilt diseases.Acta Hortic. 307:29–37.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Paplomatas, E.J., Bassett, D.M., Broome, J.C. and DeVay, J.E. (1992) Incidence of Verticillium wilt and yield losses of cotton cultivars(Gossypium hirsutum) based on soil inoculum density ofVerticillium dahliae.Phytopathology 82:1417–1420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Pennypacker, B.W., Knievel, D.P., Risius, M.L. and Leath, K.T. (1994) Photosynthetic photon flux density x pathogen interaction in growth of alfalfa infected withVerticillium albo-atrum.Phytopathology 84:1350–1358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Rotem, J. (1978) Climatic and weather influences on epidemics.in: Horsfall, J.G. and Cowling, E.B. [Eds.] Plant Diseases: An Advanced Treatise. Vol. II, pp. 317–337. Academic Press, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Rush, CM. and Kraft, J.M. (1986) Effects of inoculum density and placement on Fusarium root rot of peas.Phytopathology 76:1325–1329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Scovel, G. (1987) Improved agrotechnical and sanitation methods versus resistant cultivars as a means of avoiding Fusarium wilt.Acta Hortic. 216:55–61.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Sparnaaij, L.D. and Demmink, J.F. (1977) Progress towards Fusarium resistance in carnation.Acta Hortic. 71:107–113.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Tramier, R., Anthoni, A. and Bettachini, A. (1987) Variation of the tolerance level of carnation cultivars againstFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi depending on the substrate.Acta Hortic. 216:105–109

    Google Scholar 

  50. Tramier, R., Anthoni, A., Bettachini, A. and Metay, C. (1983) Studies of Fusarium wilt resistance in carnation.Acta Hortic. 141:49–54.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Tsror (Lahkim), L., Livescu, L. and Nachmias, A. (1990) Effect of light duration and growth season on Yerticillium wilt in potato.Phytoparasitica 18:331–339.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Vigodsky Haas; H. and Klein, L. (1976) Influence of methyl bromide soil fumigation method on fungicidal efficacy and bromide residues.Phytoparasitica 4:123–129.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Plant Pathology, ARO, The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel

    D. Shtienberg

Authors
  1. Y. Ben-Yephet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. Shtienberg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. Shtienberg.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ben-Yephet, Y., Shtienberg, D. Effects of the host, the pathogen, the environment and their interactions, on fusarium wilt in carnation. Phytoparasitica 25, 207–216 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02981734

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02981734

Keywords

Search

Navigation