Abstract
In this study we investigated the effects of constituents of Amomum xanthioides (AX) on gastritis in rats and on the growth of human gastric cancer cells. The ethanol extract of Amomum xanthioides significantly inhibited HCl ° ethanol-induced gastric lesions and the growth of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). The ethanol extract of AX was further fractionated with hexane, chloroform, butanol and H2O. Among these fractions, oral treatment with the butanol fraction at a dose of 350 mg/kg was the most effective at preventing HCl ° ethanol-induced gastric lesions. In pylorus ligated rats, the butanol fraction also decreased the volume of gastric secretion and gastric acid output. We isolated six subfractions of the butanol fraction using open column chromatography. Subfraction 4 (150 mg/kg) significantly inhibited HCl ° ethanol-induced gastric lesions and gastric secretion in pylorus ligated rats. Using GC-MS we identified the constituents of subfraction 4 to be five aliphatic compounds, 1-hexadecene, 1-nonadecene, cycloeicosane, 1-octadecene and cyclotetracosane. In addition, subfraction 4 reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner in human gastric cancer cells (AGS, KATOIII and SNU638). It also increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration in SNU638 cells, an effect that was significantly inhibited by dantrolene, a Ca2+ release blocker. Moreover, dantrolene significantly inhibited subfraction 4-induced cytotoxicity. Taken together, these results suggest that subfraction 4 of the butanol extract of AX has an anti-gastritic effect in rats and is cytotoxic to human gastric cancer cells. The mechanism of its anti-gastritic action may be associated with the inhibition of secretion of gastric acid and anti-H. pylori action. Its cytotoxicity against human gastric cancer cells may be, at least in part, mediated by intracellular Ca2+ dyshomeostasis. From these results, we suggest that AX may be useful for the treatment of gastritis and gastric cancer.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Asaka, M.,Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer.Intern. Med., 41, 1–6 (2002).
Ehrlich, B. E., Kaftan, E., Bezprozvannaya, S., and Bezprozvanny, I., The pharmacology of intracellular Ca2+-release channels.Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 15, 145–149 (1994).
George, V., Mathew, J., Sabulal, B., Dan, M., and Shiburaj, S., Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from the rhizomes ofAmomum cannicarpum.Fitoterapia., 77, 392–394 (2006).
Gyires, K., Gastric mucosal protection: from prostaglandins to gene therapy.Curr. Med. Chem., 12, 203–215 (2005)
Kang, S. C., Lee, C. M., Choi, H., Lee. J. H., Oh, J. S., Kwak, J. H., and Zee, O. P., Evaluation of oriental medicinal herbs for estrogenic and antiproliferative activities.Phytother. Res., in press (2006).
Kim, S. H. and Shin, T. Y.,Amomum xanthoides inhibits mast cell-mediated allergic reactions through the inhibition of histamine release and inflammatory cytokine production.Exp. Biol. Med., 230, 681–687 (2005).
Kinoshita, M., Noto, T., and Tamaki, H., Effect of a combination of ecabet sodium and cimetidine on experimentally induced gastric lesions and gastric mucosal resistance to ulcerogenic agents in rats.Biol. Pharm. Bull., 18, 223–226 (1995).
Kitajima, J. and Ishikawa, T., Water-soluble constituents of amomum seed.Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 51, 890–893 (2003).
Küsters, J. G., van Vliet, A. H., and Kuipers, E. J., Pathogenesis ofHelicobacter pylori infection.Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 19, 449- 490 (2006).
Matysiak-Budnik, T. and Megraud, F.,Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer.Eur. J. Cancer, 42, 708–716 (2006).
McConkey, D. J. and Orrenius, S., The role of calcium in the regulation of apoptosis.J. Leukoc. Biol., 59, 775–783 (1996).
McQuaid, K. R. and Isenberg, J. I., Medical therapy of peptic ulcer disease.Surg. Clin. North Am., 72, 285–316 (1992)
Mizui, T. and Dodeuchi, M., Effect of polyamines on acidified ethanol-induced gastric lesion in rats.Jpn. J. Pharmacol., 33, 939–945(1983).
Naito, Y., Ito, M., Watanabe, T., and Suzuki, H., Biomarkers in patients with gastric inflammation: a systematic review.Digestion, 72, 164–180 (2005)
Nash, J., Lambert, L., and Deakin, M., Histamine H2-receptor antagonists in peptic ulcer disease. Evidence for a prophylactic use.Drugs, 47, 862–871 (1994).
Nostro, A., Cellini, L., Di Bartolomeo, S., Di Campli, E., Grande, R., Cannatelli, M. A., Marzio, L., and Alonzo, V., Antibacterial effect of plant extracts againstHelicobacter pylori.Phytother. Res., 19, 198–202 (2005).
Park, B. H. and Park, J. W., The protective effect ofAmomum xanthoides extract against alloxan-induced diabetes through the suppression of NF kappaB activation.Exp. Mol. Med., 33, 64–68 (2001).
Pisegna, J. R., Pharmacology of acid suppression in the hospital setting: focus on proton pump inhibition.Crit. Care Med., 30, S356–361 (2002)
Seiki, M., Ukei, S., Tanaka, Y., and Soeda, M., Studies of antiulcer effects of a new compound, zinc L-carnosine (Z-103).Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi., 95, 257–269 (1990).
Shay, H., Komarov, S. A., Fels, S. S., and Meranze, D., A simple method for the uniform production of gastric ulceration in the rat.Gastroenterol., 4, 43–61 (1945).
van de Loosdrecht, A. A., Nennie, E., Ossenkoppele, G. J., Beelen, R. H., and Langenhuijsen, M. M., Cell mediated cytotoxicity against U 937 cells by human monocytes and macrophages in a modified colorimetric MTT assay. A methodological study.J. Immunol. Methods, 141, 15–22 (1991)
Welage, L. S., Pharmacologic properties of proton pump inhibitors.Pharmacotherapy, 23, 74S-80S (2003)
Woo, T. W., Chang, M. S., Chung, Y. K., Kim, K. B., Sohn, S. K., Kim, S. G., and Choi, W. S., Inhibitory action of YJA20379, a new proton pump inhibitor onHelicobacter pylori growth and urease.Arch. Pharm. Res., 21, 6–11 (1998).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, Y.S., Kang, M.H., Cho, S.Y. et al. Effects of constituents of amomum xanthioides on gastritis in rats and on growth of gastric cancer cells. Arch Pharm Res 30, 436–443 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980217
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980217