Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

LCA and post-hoc application of sustainability criteria: the case ofthe natural step

  • Published:
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Andersson, K.;HøGaas EiDe, M.;Lundqvist, U.;Scmattson, B. (1998) The Feasibility of Including Sustainability in LCA For Product Development. Journal of Cleaner Production 6 (3–4): 289–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Business in the Environment (1997): Effluent and Water Practical Guidelines. In: Environmental Compliance Manual, September. Business in the Environment, oLondon

    Google Scholar 

  • Co-operative Bank (1999): Customer Newsletter, January. The Cooperative Bank plc, Manchester, England

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission (1976): Council Directive of 4 May on pollution caused by certain dangerous substances discharged into the aquatic environment of the Community (76/464/EEC). In: Official Journal L129, 17.5.76, pp. 23–29. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg

    Google Scholar 

  • ISO/TC 207/SC5 (1996): Life Cycle Assessment — Principles and Framework, International Standard 14040. International Organization for Standardisation Technical Committee 207/ Subcommittee 5, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • Krotscheck, C.;Narodoslawsky, M. (1996) The Sustainable Process Index: A New Dimension in Ecological Evaluation. Ecological Engineering 6: 241–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NCBE (1996): Internal document C/33/18/09/v2. National Centre for Business and Ecology, Salford, England

    Google Scholar 

  • NUS UK (1996): Planet Pledge — Putting Ecological Thinking at the Heart of Your Student Union. UK National Union of Students, in association with The Co-operative Bank and Forum for the Future, London

    Google Scholar 

  • NUS Services (1996): Greening Commercial Services. Ethical and Environmental Committee of National Union of Students Services Ltd, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Natrass, B.;Altomare, M. (1999): The Natural Step for Business: Wealth, Ecology and the Evolutionary Corporation. New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, Canada

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD (1998): Towards Sustainable Development: Environmental Indicators. Organisation For Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitcher, M. (1997): Scientific Consensus in USA, viewed on-line at http://werple.mira.net.au/-mpitcher/natstep.html, on 15.06.98

  • Robèrt, K.-H. (1991) Educating A Nation: The Natural Step. In Context 28:10, viewed on-line at http://www.emis.com/tns/documents/articles/robert.htm on 30/04/98

  • Robèrt, K.-H. (1995): The Compass in Practice. The Natural Step, Sweden

  • Robèrt, K.-H.;Daly, H.;Hawken, P.;Holmberg, J. (1997) A Compass for Sustainable Development. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 4: 79–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt-Bleek, F. (1993) MIPS Re-Visited. Fresenius Envir. Bull. 2: 407–412

    Google Scholar 

  • Udo de Haes, H.A. (Ed.) (1996a). Part I: Discussion of General Principles and Guidelines for Practical Use. In: H.A. Udo de Haes (Ed.) (1996b): Towards A Methodology for Life Cycle Impact Assessment: 7–30. SETAC-Europe, Brussels

    Google Scholar 

  • Upham, P. (1999a): An Assessment ofThe Natural Step as a Framework for Technology Choice. PhD Thesis, University of Manchester, England

    Google Scholar 

  • Upham, P. (1999b): An Assessment ofThe Natural Step: Theory of Sustainability. The Journal of Cleaner Production, forthcoming

  • Wail, G. (1986) Exergy Conversion in the Swedish Society. Energy 15: 435–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. aric aviation research group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Extension, Chester Street, Ml 5GD, Manchester, United Kingdom

    Paul Upham

Authors
  1. Paul Upham
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paul Upham.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Upham, P. LCA and post-hoc application of sustainability criteria: the case ofthe natural step . Int. J. LCA 5, 68–72 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02979720

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02979720

Keywords

Search

Navigation