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Radioterapia experimental. Parámetros de respuesta tumoral a la radiación

Experimental radiotherapy. Radiation tumour response parameters

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Abstract

El conocimiento de los parámetros que definen la respuesta a la radiación de los tumores malignos, en particular el coeficiente de regeneración de los clonógenos tumorales supervivientes y la velocidad del proceso de proliferación tumoral subyacente, puede inferirse hoy día a partir de observaciones clínicas precisas, combinando los elementos básicos de la irradiación (dosis-tiempo-fraccionamiento) con los resultados del tratamiento (probabilidad de control observada) y ciertos supuestos relativos al efecto biológico radioinducido sobre los tumores tratados (relaciones dosis-supervivencia, dosis-tiempo y dosis-control tumoral). Ello explica la profunda transformación experimentada por la radioterapia durante los Últimos años. Del empirismo inicial se ha pasado a la aparición de un cuerpo doctrinal sólido, construido sobre bases racionales que permite formular hipótesis, predecir resultados, profundizar en el conocimiento de la biología de los tumores malignos y adoptar decisiones clínicas, impensables hace sólo una o dos décadas, en la terapéutica del cáncer. La radioterapia oncológica se ha configurado así como una disciplina con claros fundamentos científicos e importante proyección clínica, muy alejada de su carácter intuitivo inicial.

Abstract

Improved knowledge about the underlying parameters of malignant tumours response to radiotherapy, specially the tumour clonogen repopulation coefficient and the rate of tumour growth, can be obtained today from carefully analyzed clinical studies combining the basic elements of the irradiation process (dose-time-fractionation) with the results of treatment (probability of tumour control) and some assumptions on the radioinduced tumour biological effect (survival-dose, timedose and tumour control-dose relationships). This explains the deep changes produced in radiation therapy concepts and principles during the last years. From its initial empiricism, radiotherapy has turned out to be a well built doctrinal body able to formulate hypothesis, to predict results, to deepen in the biology of malignant tumours and to adopt clinical decisions, unthinkable one or two decades ago, on cancer treatment. The modern radiation oncology is a discipline with solid scientific basis widely separated from its intuitive prior condition.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Radiología. Servicio de Radioterapia y Oncología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Avda. Dr. Olóriz, s/n., 18012, Granada

    V. Pedraza, R. Guerrero, J. Cueto & C. Asensio

  2. Departamento de Bioestadística. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain

    J. D. Luna del Castillo

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  1. V. Pedraza
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  2. R. Guerrero
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  3. J. Cueto
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  4. C. Asensio
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  5. J. D. Luna del Castillo
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Pedraza, V., Guerrero, R., Cueto, J. et al. Radioterapia experimental. Parámetros de respuesta tumoral a la radiación. Rev Oncología 2, 97–105 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02979473

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02979473

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