Skip to main content
Log in

Identification of certain sequences in the 3rd cytoplasmic loop of D4 dopamine receptor that suppress the bacterial expression

  • Research Articles
  • Published:
Archives of Pharmacal Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To study the functional roles of dopamine receptors, we decided to raise antibodies against these proteins. To make antigen, we expressed the whole 3rd cytoplasmic loop of dopamine receptors in a fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase (GST). For D2 and D3 receptors, it was successful to express and purify fusion proteins for the whole 3rd cytoplasmic loops. However, we could not express the fusion protein for the whole 3rd cytoplasmic loopsof D4 dopamine receptor in the bacteria. To study the causes that prevent the bacterial expression of the GST-fusion protein of the 3rd cytoplasmic loop of D4 dopamine receptor, we conducted more detailed studies on D4 dopamine receptor. To locate the region which prevents bacterial expression, we made sequential constructs in the 3rd cytoplasmic loop decreasing the size step by step, and confirmed their expressions in the SDS PAGE. It was found that certain regions of 3rd cytoplasmic loop of D4 dopamine receptor, located in N-terminal side of the 3rd cytoplasmic loop of D4 dopamine receptor suppress the bacterial expression of fusion protein.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References Cited

  • Brown, J. H. and Markman, M. H., Stimulation by dopamine of adenylate cyclase in retinal homogenates and of adenosine 3′∶5′-cyclic monophosphate formation in intact retina.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 69, 539–543 (1972).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bunzow, J. R., Van Tol, H. H. M., Grandy, D. K., Albert, P., Salon, J., Christie, M., Machida, C., Neve, K. A. and Civelli, O., Cloning and expression of a rat D2 dopamine receptor cDNA.Nature, 336, 783–788 (1988).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dearry, A., Gingrich, J. A., Falardeau, P., Fremeau, R. T., Jr., Bates, M. D. and Caron, M. G., Molecular cloning and expression of the gene for a human D1 dopamine receptor.Nature, 347, 72–76 (1990).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Defrance, J. F., Sikes, R. W. and Chronister, R. B., Dopamine action in the nucleus accumbens.J. Neurophysiol., 54, 1568–1577 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Durcan, M. J., Rigdon, G. C., Norman, M. H. and Morgan, P. F., Is clozapine selective for the dopamine D4 receptor?Life Sci., 57, PL275–83 (1995).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hornykiewicz, O., Die topische Lokalisation und das Verhalten von Noradrenalin und Dopamine (3-Hydroxytyramine) in der Substantia nigra des normalen und Parkinson-kranken Menschen.Wien. Klin. Wochenschr., 75, 309–312 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kane, J. M., Honigfield, G., Singer, J. and Meltzer, H., Clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenics.Psychopharmacol. Bull., 24, 67–69 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kebabian, J. W. and Calne, D. B., Multiple receptors for dopamine.Nature, 227, 93–96 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, A-Y, Lee, S-Y and Kim, K-M, Preparation of δ-opioid receptor-specific antibodies using molecular cloned genes.Arch. Pharm. Res., 18, 113–117 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matthysse, S., Nucleus accumbens and schizophrenia, In Chronister, R. B. and Defranace, J. F. (Eds.),The neurobiology of nucleus accumbens, Hear Institute, Brunswick, ME., 1981, pp. 351–357.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Malley, K. L., Harmon, S., Tang, L. and Todd, R. D., The rat dopamine D4 receptor: sequence, gene structure, and demonstration of expression in the cardiovascular system.The New Biologist, 4, 137–146 (1992).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D. B. and Johnson, K. S., Single step purification of polypeptide expressed inEscherichia coli as fusions with glutathione-S-transferase.Gene, 67, 31–40 (1988).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, S. H., Amphetamine psychosis: a “model” schizophrenia mediated by catecholamines.Am J. Psychiatry, 130, 61–67 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sokoloff, P., Giros, B., Martres, M., Bouthenet, M. and Schwartz, J., Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as target for neuroleptics.Nature, 347, 146–151 (1990).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, J. R., Schizophrenia and dopamine regulation in the mesolimbic system.Trends in Neurosci., 2, 102–105 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sunahara, R. K., Niznik, H. B., Weiner, D. M., Stormann, T. M., Brann, M. R., Kennedy, J. L., Gelernter, J. E., Razmahell, R., Yang, Y., Israel, Y., Seeman, P. and O'Dowd, B. F., Human dopamine D1 receptor encoded by an intronless gene on chromosome 5.Nature, 347, 80–83 (1990).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sunahara, R. K., Guan, H., O'Dwod, B. F., Seeman, P., Laurier, L. G., Ng, G., George, S. R., Torchia, J., Van Tol, H. H. M. and Niznik, H. B., Cloning of the gene for a human dopamine D5 receptor with higher affinity for dopamine than D1.Nature, 350, 614–619 (1991).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Tol, H. H. M., Bunzow, J. R., Guan, H., Sunahara, R. K., Seeman, P., Niznik, H. B. and Civelli, O., Cloning of the gene for a human dopamine D4 receptor with high affinity for the antipsychotic clozapine.Nature, 350, 610–614, (1991).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wise, R. A., The role of reward pathways in the development of drug dependence.Pharmac. Ther., 35, 227–263 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, Q., Grandy, D. K., Thambi, L., Kushner, J. A., Van Tol, H. H. M., Cone, R., Pribnow, D., Salon, J., Bunzow, J. R. and Civelli, O., Cloning and expression of human and rat D1 dopamine receptors.Nature, 347, 76–80 (1990).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cheong, JS., Kim, AY. & Kim, KM. Identification of certain sequences in the 3rd cytoplasmic loop of D4 dopamine receptor that suppress the bacterial expression. Arch. Pharm. Res. 19, 275–279 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976240

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976240

Key words

Navigation