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Pancréatite après cholangiopancréatographie rétrograde par voie endoscopique (CPRE)

Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis

  • Published:
Acta Endoscopica

Résumé

La fréquence des pancréatites après CPRE est surtout fonction de l’éventuel geste de sphinctérotomie associé et de l’expérience de l’endoscopiste. Le diagnostic est habituellement facile à condition d’écarter la perforation rétro-duodénale. La tomodensitométrie constitute le progrès majeur de ces dernières années. La chirurgie n’a pratiquement plus sa place dans le traitement curatif qui est médical mais reste le plus souvent symptomatique et contemplatif. C’est dire l’intérêt de la prévention. Celle-ci dépend des facteurs de risque:

  • — facteurs mécaniques avec un risque important lors des injections répétées du Wirsung;

  • cfacteurs chimiques avec une préférence pour l’utilisation de produits de contraste de faible osmolalité;

  • — facteurs bactériens mais aucune étude ne démontre l’efficacité d’une antibiothérapie préventive locale ou générale;

  • — facteurs enzymatiques mais les inhibiteurs de protéase se sont révélés de peu d’efficacité;

  • — facteurs thermiques avec un risque nettement accru lors des pré-coupes;

  • — facteurs divers tels les antécédents de pancréatite aiguë post-CPRE qui imposent des règles préventives supplémentaires. La bonne connaissance de ces facteurs permet la mise en pratique de quelques règles préventives simples.

Summary

The frequency of pancreatitis after ERCP depends on whether there is associated sphincterotomy and on the experience of the endoscopist. The diagnosis is usually easy to make providing that there is no retro-duodenal perforation. Tomodensitometry has been the major step forward in the last few years. Surgery has practically no longer any place in curative treatment. Treatment is medical but for the most part only treats symptoms and observes the progress of the illness. This underlines the importance of prevention which depends on the risk factors:

  • — mechanical factors with a high risk due to : repeated injections of Wirsung duct;

  • — chemical factors with a preference for the use of contrast products with low osmolality;

  • — bacterial factors but no study has shown the effectiveness of local or general preventive antibiotherapy;

  • — enzymes factors but protease inhibitors have not appeared to be very effective, thermal factors with a clearly increased risk during pre-cuts;

  • — other factors such as acute pancreatitis antecedents after ERCP which call for further preventive rules. A good knowledge of these factors lead to the the setting up of a few simple preventive rules.

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Caucanas, J.P., Lapuelle, J., Cassigneul, J. et al. Pancréatite après cholangiopancréatographie rétrograde par voie endoscopique (CPRE). Acta Endosc 24, 247–255 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02969606

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02969606

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