Abstract
Influenza places a heavy burden on society. Distress of the community resulting from the disease translates into difficulties in family management as well as absence from work, school and social work. Moreover, there is still uncertainty in the current knowledge of anti-influenza immunity, even though, thanks to advances in molecular biology, the structure, chemistry and genetics of the virus are by now almost completely known. The greatest difficulty of the vaccine lies in the great variability of the influenza virus. The A and influenza viruses are the most important ones. The A viruses include several subtypes, H3N2 and H1N1 being presently the most important ones. The present vaccine, therefore, must be updated every year with strains that have the greatest probability of spreading in the human population during the influenza season. New influenza vaccines based on molecular biotechnology, such as DNA-recombinant or naked DNA vaccines, are currently widely studied and represent the vaccines that, hopefully, will bring about important improvements in the near future.
Zusammenfassung
Die Grippeerkrankung stellt eine schwere Belastung für die Gesellschaft dar. Sie bewirkt ein kollektives Leiden, das sich in Schwierigkeiten des familiären Managements, in Arbeits- und Schulausfallen sowie in Beeinträchtigungen der Freiwilligenarbeit abzeichnet. Überdies sind die Kenntnisse der Grippeabwehrkräfte bisher noch nicht vollständig, auch wenn, Dank der Molekularbiologie, der Aufbau, die chemische Zusammensetzung und die Genetik des Grippevirus weitgehend bekannt sind. Die größte Schwierigkeit in der Entwicklung eines Impfstoffs wird durch die Variabilität des Grippevirus hervorgerufen. Die wichtigsten Grippeviren sind A und B, wobei der Influenza- Virus A sich in weitere Subtypen aufgeteilt, von denen H3N2 und H1N1 heute am bedeutendsten sind. Der gegenwärtige Grippeimpfstoff wird jährlich mit den Subtypen aktualisiert, die die größte Wahrscheinlichkeit aufweisen, in der Bevölkerung während der folgenden Grippesaison aufzutreten. Neue Grippeimpfstoffe werden zurzeit auf der Basis der Molekularbiologie, als rekombinierte DNA und als nackte DNA Impfstoffe entwickelt und repräsentieren die Impfstoffe, die hoffentlich wichtige Verbesserungen für die nahe Zukunft bringen werden.
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Gasparini, R. Influenza Vaccination. Z. f. Gesundheitswiss. 11, 221–228 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02956412
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02956412