Abstract
A theoretical study on particulate retention by microporous membrane filters during liquid filtration has been investigated. A model to predict particle retention using a multi-layer concept for filter retention by sieving and using flow resistance for cake filtration was developed to predict particle retention as a function of particle diameter and particle loading. Filter efficiency for the 0.45 μm rated membranes predicted 99.95% for the particle diameter of 0.453 μm. Filter efficiency by sieving model decreased with increased particle loading on the filter. After substantial particle loading, filter efficiency was found to increase with increased particle loading due to the combined effect of sieving and cake filtration. Theoretical particle retention modeling showed good agreement with experimental results.
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Abbreviations
- A :
-
Filter face area
- a, b, c :
-
Constants
- C eff :
-
Effluent particle concentration
- C in :
-
Influent particle concentration
- C i :
-
Particle concentration of thei th filter layer
- CMD :
-
Count median diameter
- D f :
-
Pore size
- D p :
-
Particle size in diameter
- E c :
-
Filter efficiency by cake filtration
- f(D f ):
-
Lognormal frequency function
- K, k :
-
Constants
- L :
-
Filter thickness
- LRV :
-
Log reduction value
- N :
-
Total number of filter layers
- N ci :
-
Number of pores clogged at timet in thei th filter layer
- N o :
-
Initial total pore number of the filter
- n :
-
Constant
- n(t, D f ):
-
Pore number in pore size fromD f toD f +dD f
- Q :
-
Flow rate through a capillary
- Q p :
-
Flow rate through pores of size larger than particle size
- Q t :
-
Total flow rate through a filter layer
- P :
-
Overall penetration
- P i :
-
Particle penetration of thei th filter layer
- R :
-
Filter medium resistance
- R c :
-
Cake resistance
- T :
-
Thickness of a single filter layer
- t :
-
Time
- V f :
-
Void volume of the filter
- ω :
-
Mass of cake deposited per unit area
- ε :
-
Media's porosity
- ρ p :
-
Particle density
- μ :
-
Fluid viscosity
- σ g :
-
Geometric standard deviation
- ΔP :
-
Pressure drop across the filter
- Δt :
-
Time interval
References
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Lee, JK., Liu, B.Y.H. A filtration model of microporous membrane filters in liquids. KSME Journal 8, 78–87 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02953246
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02953246