Abstract
A new hybrid composite (APAL: Aramid Patched Aluminum Alloy), consisting of a 2024-T3 aluminum alloy plate sandwiched between two aramid/epoxy laminate (HK 285/RS 1222), was developed. Fatigue crack growth behavior was examined at stress ratios of R=0.2, 0.5 using the aluminum alloy and two kinds of the APAL with different fiber orientation (0°/90° and 45° for crack direction). The APAL showed superior fatigue crack growth resistance, which may be attributed to the crack bridging effect imposed by the intact fibers in the crack wake. The magnitude of crack bridging was estimated quantitatively and determined by a new technique on basis of compliances of the 2024-T3 aluminum alloy and the APAL specimens. The crack growth rates of the APAL specimens were reduced significantly as comparison to the monolithic aluminum alloy and were not adequately correlated with the conventional stress intensity factor range(ΔK). It was found that the crack growth rate was successfully correlated with the effective stress intensity factor range (ΔK eff =K br -K ct ) allowing for the crack closure and the crack bridging. The relation between da/dN and theΔK eff was plotted within a narrow scatter band regardless of kind of stress ratio (R=0.2, 0.5) and material (2024-T3 aluminum alloy, APAL 0°/90° and APAL±45°). The result equation was as follow:da/dN=6.45×10−7(ΔK eff )2.4.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allison, J. E., 1988, “On the Measurement of Crack Closure During Fatigue Crack Growth”,in Fracture Mechanics 18th Symp. ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 913–933.
Bucci, R. T., Muelle, I. N., Volelesang, L. B. and Gunnink, J. W., 1988, “ARALL Laminates Properties and Design Update”,Proc. 33rd Int. SAMPE Symp., 7–10 March, pp. 1237–1248.
Davidson, D. L. and Austin, L. K. 1991, “Fatigue Crack Growth Through ARALL-4 at Ambient Temperature”,Fatigue Fract. Engng. Mateer. Struct. Vol. 14, No. 10, pp. 939–951.
Hudson, C. M. and Scardina, J. T. 1969. “Effect of Stress Ratio on Fatigue Crack Growth in 7075-T3 Aluminum Alloy Sheet”.Eng. Fract. Mech., Vol. 1, pp. 429–446.
Koterazawa, R., Nose, M., et al., 1993, “Fatigue Crack Growth and Fatigue Danmage Development in Fiber Reinforced Composites Under Variable Amplitude Stresses”,J. Soc. Mat. Sci. Japan, Vol. 42, No. 472, pp. 46–51.
Lin, C. T., Kao P. W. and Lang, F. S. 1991, “Fatigue Behaviour of Carbon Fiber-Reinfoced Aluminum Laminates”,Composites, Vol. 22, No. 2. pp. 135–141.
Mall, S., Ramamurthy, G. and Rezaizdeh, M. A. 1987, “Stress Ratio Effect on Cyclic Debonding in Adhesively Bonded Composite Joints”,Composite Structures, Vol. 8, pp. 31–35.
Marissen, R., 1984, “Flight Simulation Behavior of Aramid Reinforced Aluminum Laminates(ARALL)”,Eng. Fract. Mech., Vol. 19. pp. 261–277.
Marissen, R., 1987, “Fatigue Mechanisms in ARALL, a Fatigue Resistant Hybrid Aluminum Aramid Composite Material”, InFatigue 87, pp. 1271–1279, EMAS Ltd. Warlery, U.K.
Marissen, R. 1988. “Fatigue Crack Growth in ARALL”, Thesis, Technical Univ of Delft. The Netherlands. Published in English as DFVLR-F 88–56.
Newman, J. C., et al., 1984, “A Crack Closure Model for Predicting Fatigue Crack Growth under Aircraft Spectrum Loading”,ASTM STP 748, pp. 53–84.
Oh, S. O., Yoon, H. K. and Park, W. J. et al., 1993, “Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior in 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloy Plate with Aramid Fiber Reinforced(APAL) (1)”,Proceeding of KSME, Oct, pp. 17–21.
Oh, S. O., Yoon, H. K. and Park, W. J. et al., 1993, “Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior in 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloy Plate with Aramid Fiber Reinforced(APAL)(II)”,Proceeding of KCORE, Oct., pp. 177–182.
Omer, G. B. and Metin Harun, 1990, “Effect of Stress Ratio on the Rate of Growth of Fatigue Cracks in 1100 Al-Alloy”,Engng. Fract. Mech., Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 1203–1206.
Paris, P. C. and Erdogan, F., 1963, “A Critical Analysis of Crack Propagation Laws”,Trans. ASME. J. of Basic Eng. 85, pp. 528–534.
Ritchic, R. O. and Yu. W. 1986. “Short Crack Effects in Fatigue”,TMS-AIME, Warrendale, PA, pp. 7–198.
Ritchie, R. O., 1987, “Crack Tip Shielding in Fatigue, in Mechanical Behavior of Materials-V”,Proc. 5th Int. ICM Conf., Vol. 3, Pergamon Press, Oxford, U.K.
Ritchie, R. O., 1987, “Crack Tip Shielding in Fatigue, in Mechanical Behavior of Materials-V”Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Vol. 3, Pergamon Press, Oxford, U.K.
Ritchie, R. O., Yu, W. and Bucci, R. J. 1989, “Fatigue Crack Propagation in ARALL Laminates: Measurement of the Effect of Crack-tip Shielding from Crack Bridging”,Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 32. No. 3, pp. 361–377.
Vogelesang, I. B. and Gunnink, J. W., 1983, “ARALL a Material for the next Generation of Aireraft”,A State of Aat. Report LR-400. Delft Univ. of Technology, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering, August.
Vogelesang, L. B. and Gunnick, J. W., 1986, “ARALL, a Materials Challenge for the Next Generation of Aireraft”, Mater. Design. 7. 2.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Oh, S.W., Park, W.J., Hue, C.W. et al. The effect of bridging on fatigue crack growth behavior in Aramid Patched Aluminum Alloy(APAL). KSME Journal 8, 375–384 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02944710
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02944710