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Developing countries and services

Interests of the Third World in the Uruguay Round

  • GATT
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Intereconomics

Abstract

Most developing countries have shown reluctance towards the inclusion of trade in services in the normal GATT negotiating framework, as demanded by industrialised countries. What are the reasons for their scepticism?

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References

  1. Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, Egypt, India, Nigeria, Peru, Tanzania, Vietnam and Yugoslavia.

  2. S. Schultz: GATT: Aktuelle Handelspolitik gegenüber der Dritten Welt, in: DIW-Wochenbericht, No. 36, 1986, p. 456.

  3. K. A. Koekkoek: Trade in services, the developing countries and the Uruguay Round, in: The World Economy, Vol. 11 (1988), No. 1, pp. 151–157, here p. 152, and US Congress/Congressional Budget Office: The GATT negotiations and U.S. trade policy, Washington 1987, pp. 131 f.

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  7. On the possibilities for and limits to a common approach, see C. Hamilton and J. Whalley: Coalitions in the Uruguay Round: The extent, pros and cons of developing country participation, NBER, Working Paper No. 2751, Cambridge Mass. 1988.

  8. OECD, TC/WP (86) 59, pp. 4 f.

  9. OECD, op. cit., TC/WP (86) 59, p. 4.

  10. J. N. Bhagwati, A. O. Krueger and R. H. Snape: The multilateral trade negotiations and developing-country interests: introduction, in: The World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 1, 1987, No. 4, pp. 539 f.

  11. Alberto Valdés: Third World Interests in the Uruguay Round, in: “economic impact”, No. 61 (1987/5), p. 23 (abridged version of a paper published in: The World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 1, 1987, No. 4).

  12. B. Balassa: Interest of developing countries in the Uruguay Round, in: The World Economy, Vol. 11, 1988, No. 1, pp. 39–55, here pp. 49 and 53.

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  14. See H. Keppler: Die Bedeutung des Dienstleistungssektors für die Entwicklungsländer—Ansatzpunkte für die bi- und multilaterale wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit. Forschungsberichte des Bundesministeriums für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit, Vol. 77, Munich, Cologne and London 1986, pp. 24 ff. and 38 ff.

  15. GATT: “Focus” Newsletter, No. 60, March–April 1989, p. 5.

  16. Cf. UNCTAD: Services and the development process, TD/B/1008/rev. 1, Geneva 1985, and UNCTAD: Services and the development process: further studies, TD/B/1100, Geneva 1986.

  17. K. A. Koekkoek: Developing Countries and Services in the Uruguay Round, in: INTERECONOMICS, Vol. 22 (1987), No. 5, pp. 234–242, here p. 238.

  18. B. Balassa: Interest of developing countries in the Uruguay Round, in: The World Economy, Vol. 11, 1988, No. 1, pp. 39–55, here pp. 48 and 50.

  19. Commonwealth Secretariat: The Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations: Commonwealth interests and opportunities, London 1986, p. 34.

  20. P. Nicolaides: The problem of regulation in traded services: The implications for reciprocal liberalization, in: Außenwirtschaft, Vol. 44, 1989, No. 1, pp. 29–57, here p. 48.

  21. For details, see F. A. Blankart: Trade in Services, Definition eines GATT-Verhandlungsgegenstandes, in: Außenwirtschaft, Vol. 44, 1989, No. 1, pp. 5–16, here p. 11.

  22. P. Nicolaides, op. cit., The problem of regulation in traded services: The implications for reciprocal liberalization, in: Außenwirtschaft, Vol. 44, 1989, p. 50.

  23. C. Van Grasstek: Trade in services: Obstacles and opportunities, in: “economic impact”, No. 59 (1987/3), pp. 46–51, here p. 49 (updated version of a paper for the Overseas Development Council: Negotiating U.S.-Third World trade in services: Obstacles and opportunities).

  24. Session of the Trade Negotiations Committee from 5th to 9th December 1988 in Montreal and from 5th to 8th April 1989 in Geneva. See GATT: News of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, NUR 027 (24th April 1989) and MTN. TNC/11 (21st April 1989), pp. 38 ff.

  25. J. J. Schott and J. Mazza: Trade in services and developing countries, in: Journal of World Trade Law, Vol. 20, No. 3 (May–June 1986), pp. 253–273, here p. 273.

  26. OECD, Working Party of the Trade Committee: North-South trade: Developing country interests in trade in services (Note by the Secretariat), TC/WP (86)64, p. 5. See also S. Lall: The Third World and comparative advantage in trade in services, in: S. Lall and F. Stewart (eds.): Theory and Reality in Development: Essays in honour of Paul Streeten, Oxford 1986, pp. 122 ff., and P. Streeten: Gains and losses to countries from trade in services, manuscript, November 1987, p. 8.

  27. J. N. Bhagwati: Trade in services: Developing country concerns, in: “economic impact”, No. 62 (1988/1), pp. 58–64, here p. 58 (abridged version of a paper published in: The World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 1, No. 4, September 1987).

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Schultz, S. Developing countries and services. Intereconomics 24, 227–233 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02928639

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