Abstract
We determined the total mass balance of production of citric acid byAspergillus niger on the laboratory scale and derived a stoichiometric equation for optimum conditions. At the aeration intensity of 4.10-3 m3/min, 2/3 of introduced carbon was found to be converted to citric acid. Other parameters were: rate of absorptionNa, 15 –17 mol-3h-1 and oxygen utilization equal to 42 % of sugar mass. The critical concentration of dissolved oxygen,i.e. 9.5 % of saturation level, was not exceeded.
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Abbreviations
- C :
-
concentration of dissolved oxygen at time (NL-3)
- C 1 :
-
oxygen solubility at given pressure and (NL-3) temperature
- C 2 :
-
equilibrium oxygen concentration referred to oxygen concentration in outlet gas (NL-3)
- C :
-
critical concentration of dissolved oxygen (NL-3)
- kla:
-
volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (T-1)
- n :
-
impeller frequency (T-1)
- no 2 :
-
mass amount of O2 (N)
- no2 :
-
flux of mass amount of O2 (NT-1)
- nco2 :
-
mass amount of CO2 (N)
- nco2 :
-
flux of mass amount of CO2 (NT-1)
- Na :
-
absorption rate (NL-3T-1)
- P :
-
pressure (ML1T-2)
- R :
-
gas constant (MT-2LN-1t-1)
- t :
-
time (T)
- T :
-
absolute temperature (t)
- V :
-
volume of liquid in a vessel (L3)
- V g :
-
air volume flow through the fermentor (L3T-1)
- V in :
-
volume flow of an inert through the fermentor (L3T-1)
- y 1 :
-
volume per cent of oxygen in inlet ( -)
- y2:
-
volume per cent of oxygen in outlet ( -)
- y2C:
-
volume per cent of CO2 in outlet ( - )
- Y 1 :
-
per cent saturation at time 0 ( - )
- Y 2 :
-
per cent saturation at timet ( - )
- Yp/s :
-
yield coefficient ( - )
References
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Sobotka, M., Machoň, V., Seichert, L. et al. Chemical engineering aspects of submerged production of citric acid. Folia Microbiol 30, 381–392 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02927594
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02927594