Rhizosphere microflora of wheat

Summary

An investigation was made of the extent to which the rhizosphere effect is reflected in the composition of mycoflora in the wheat rhizosphere during the initial stages of growth and during the vegetation period. It was found that during the initial phases of wheat growth no marked change took place in fungal counts in the rhizosphere and in control soil or on the roots. The fungal count in the course of the vegetation period was markedly lower in the rhizosphere and in fallow soil than on the roots.

The qualitative composition of fungal flora differs both in the individual zones, i.e. on the roots, in the rhizosphere and in control soil, as well as during the vegetation period. The incidence of genera of the familyMucoraceae increased on the roots during the initial stages of development; during the vegetation period the number of genera of the familyTuberculariaceae, Dematiaceae and of fungi with dark sterile mycelium rose gradually. The familyMucoraceae was represented more abundantly during the initial stages of development on the roots than in soil, the familyMoniliaceae occurred during the entire period of vegetation principally in soil. It was found that during colonization of roots the fungi originating from soil assert themselves more pronouncedly than those from seeds.

Different methods of isolation of soil, rhizosphere and root fungi were compared in order to find out to what extent the results concerning fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat are affected by the application of different methods. By using the common dilution method only 15 genera were detected, while 21 could be identified by the soil plate method and 23 by the washing method.

Abstract

Изуался вопрос, до какой степени эϕϕект ризосϕеры проявляется в составе микоϕлоры в ризосϕере пшеницы в начальных ϕазах роста и в течение периода вегетации. Было установлено, уто происходит выразительных изменений в количестве грибов ни в ризосϕере В течение периода вагетации количе-ство грибов на корнях бывало вше, чем в ризосϕере и в свободной почве.

Качественный состав грибной ϕлоры колеблется как в отдельных зонах, т.е.на корнях, в ризосϕере и в свободной Число представитей родов семейства Мucoraceae на корнях увелчивалось в начальных ϕазах развития. В хоце вегетации на корнях увеличивалось число родов семйств Tuberculariaceae, Dematiaceae и грибов с темным стерильным мицелием. Семейство Мucoraceae в начальных ϕазах разви тия было представлено более значительным числом родов на корнях, чем в почве, семейство Moniliaceae встречалось в течение всего периода вегтации, главным образом в почве. Было установлено, что при заселении корней грибы почвы имеют большее значение, чем грибы, бышие на семенах.

Путем сравнения различных методов выделения грибов из почвы, из ризосϕеры и с корней было установлено, докакй степни результы выделения было найдено только 15 родов, с помощью метода пластинок почвы -21 род, а методом смывов – 23 рода.