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Problems of international labour cost comparisons

  • Economic Trends
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Intereconomics

Abstract

In the first half of the 1990s, the debate on Germany’s high labour costs flared up again as part of the discussion on Germany as an industrial location. With the strong depreciation of the D-Mark in the past two years and the change of course in wage policy, this debate has now subsided again to a certain extent. However, great attention is still paid to international labour cost comparisons, particularly as they often produce quite varied results. How are these differences to be explained? What are the problems involved in making international labour cost comparisons?

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References

  1. Cf. Christoph Schröder: Industrielle Arbeitkosten im internationalen Vergleich 1970–1995, in: iw-trends 2/96, pp. 44–56 and: industrielle Arbeitskosten im internationalen Vergleich 1980–1996, in: iw-trends 2/97, pp. 1–16.

  2. Cf. Ralf Köddermann, Markus Wilhelm, Marlies Hummel: Umfang und Bestimmungsgründe einfließender und ausfließender Direktinvestitionen ausgewählter Industrieländer—Entwicklung und Perspektiven, Gutachten im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft, May 1996, p. 84.

  3. For an overview of the individual labour cost comparisons, their aims and methodology see: Jörg Hinze, Christiane Brück, Rudolf-Ferdinand Danckwerts, Eckhardt Wohlers: Aussagefähigkeit internationaler Arbeitskostenvergleiche: Methodische Grundlagen, empirische Ergebnisse und wirtschaftspolitische Schlußfolgerungen, Hamburg 1997, pp. 88–109 (soon to be published as a book).

  4. Cf. Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung: Jahresgutachten 1996/97, text number 316.

  5. Cf. Jörg Hinze et al., op. cit., Christiane Brück, Rudolf-Ferdinand Danckwerts, Eckhardt Wohlers: Aussagefähigkeit internationaler Arbeitskostenvergleiche: Methodische Grundlagen, empirische Ergebnisse und wirschaftspolitische Schlußfolgerungen, Hamburg 1997, pp. 28 ff and p. 135 f.

  6. On the question of the individual cost types to be included in the labour costs according to this definition, cf. Statistisches Bundesamt: Fachserie 16, Reihe 5: Löhne, Gehälter und Arbeitskosten im Ausland, 1995, p. 69.

  7. cf. Jörg Hinze et al., op. cit., Christiane Brück, Rudolf-Ferdinand Danckwerts, Eckhardt Wohlers: Aussagefähigkeit internationaler Arbeitskostenvergleiche: Methodische Grundlagen, empirische Ergebnisse und wirtschaftspolitische Schlußfolgerungen, Hamburg 1997, pp. 50 ff.

  8. cf. Allan H. Young, Alternative Measures of Changes in Real Output and Prices, in: Survey of Current Business, April 1992, pp. 32 ff. and R. P. Parker: Gross Product by Industry, 1977–90, in: Survey of Current Business, May 1993.

  9. Cf. Bart van Ark: Manufacturing prices, productivity, and labor costs in five economies, in: Monthly Labor Review, February 1995, pp. 26 ff.; and Peter Hooper, Elizabeth Vrankovich: International Comparisons of the Level of Unit Labor Costs in Manufacturing, in: International Finance Papers, No. 527, 1995.

  10. For an overview of calculations of relative prices on an output level and alternative measures such as “adjusted” purchasing power parities, cf. Peter Hooper, Elizabeth Vrankovich, op. cit. International Comparisons of the Level of Unit Labor Costs in Manufacturing, in: International Finance Papers, No. 527, 1995.

  11. Cf. Jörg Hinze et al., op. cit. Christiane Brück, Rudolf-Ferdinand Danckwerts, Eckhardt Wohlers: Aussagefähigkeit internationaler Arbeitskostenvergleiche: Methodische Grundlagen, empirische Ergebnisse und wirtschaftspolitische Schlußfolgerungen, Hamburg 1997, p. 70.

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Hinze, J. Problems of international labour cost comparisons. Intereconomics 33, 146–152 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02926822

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