Abstract
Varices in the area of the kidney are rare. They may cause microscopic or gross hematuria. They can be demonstrated beyond any doubt only by means of phlebography, preferably superselectively. Treatment of choice consists of ligation and excision of the dilated veins in cases of recurrent gross hematuria and in younger patients.
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Braedel, H.U., Schindler, E. Demonstration, importance, and origin of renal varices. Urol Radiol 2, 241–244 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02926730
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02926730