Summary
The necessary and sufficient condition is obtained such that ridge estimator is better than the least squares estimator relative to the matrix mean square error.
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References
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Chawla, J.S. On necessary and sufficient condition for superiority of ridge estimator over least squares estimator. Statistical Papers 29, 227–230 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02924527
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02924527