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The multielemental analysis of bone

A review

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Abstract

Numerous elements, especially metals, possess biological activity. But until now, they were of interest mainly as ingredients of foods.

This caused the grouping in essential and nonessential elements, and characteristic changes of their concentrations in tissues and body fluids of man are often accompanied by pathologic alterations. The growing interest in environmental influences on human, animal, and plant health has focused our view on the toxicity of certain elements. Often it depends on concentration (1) or chemical form (e.g., Cr3+ is essential whereas Cr6+ is venomous) if an element is vital or poisonous.

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Abbreviations

AAS:

atomic absorption spectroscopy

AES:

atomic emission spectroscopy

ASV:

anodic stripping voltammetry

CCP:

capacitively coupled plasma

CMP:

capacitive microwave plasma

CT:

computer tomography

DPASV:

difference pulse ASV

EDAX:

energy disperse analysis of X-rays

EPMA:

electron probe microanalysis

ES:

emission spectroscopy

ESR:

electron spin resonance

ETA-AAS:

electro-thermal atomization AAS

EXAFS:

extended X-ray absorption fine structure

FAAS:

flame AAS

FAES:

flame AES

GF-AAS:

graphite furnace AAS

HCES:

hollow cathode discharge emission spectroscopy

IAEA:

International Atomic Energy Agency

ICAP:

inductively coupled argon plasma

ICP:

inductively coupled plasma

INAA:

instrumental neutron activation analysis

IR:

infrared spectroscopy

ISE:

ion selective electrodes

ISFET:

ion selective field effect transistors

LAMMA:

laser microprobe mass analysis

MEA:

multielemental analysis

MIP:

microwave induced plasma

MS:

mass spectrometry

NAA:

neutron activation analysis

OAES:

optical atomic emission spectroscopy

PAA:

photon activation analysis

PAS:

photo acoustic spectroscopy

PIGE:

proton induced prompt gamma ray emission

PIXE:

particle/ or proton induced X-ray emission

RBS:

Rutherford back scattering

RNAA:

radiochemical NAA

SEM:

scanning electron microscope

SSMS:

spark source MS

TDPAC:

time differential PAC

UV:

ultra violet spectroscopy

XRF:

X-ray fluorescence analysis

XMA:

X-ray microanalysis

XRD:

x-ray diffraction

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  1. Section of Chemistry, Karl Marx University, Leipzig, German Democratic Republic

    H. Zwanziger

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Zwanziger, H. The multielemental analysis of bone. Biol Trace Elem Res 19, 195–232 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02924296

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