Abstract
Two cases of arteriovenous fistula associated with renal cell carcinoma were studied using multiple techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MR). These techniques clearly delineated the vascular abnormalities without the use of a contrast agent; they also demonstrated the extent of the tumors. Data derived from MR were confirmed upon surgical exploration and were useful in planning the approach to the kidney.
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Selli, C., Bartolozzi, C., Lizzadro, G. et al. Arteriovenous fistula associated with renal cell carcinoma: Demonstration by magnetic resonance imaging. Urol Radiol 8, 190–193 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02924103
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02924103