Abstract
Maize caryopses were exposed in moist, sterile sand to temperatures of 24°, 10° and 6°. The amino acid content of embryo, endosperm and pericarp tissues of kernels and amino acid occurence in sand eluates was analysed by paper chromatography.
The lower the temperature to which the seeds were exposed and the greater the delay in start of germination, the greater were the amounts of amino acids exosmosed from the kernel to the surrounding media. The exudation of aspartic acid, proline, alanine, γ-aminobutyric and glutamic acids was especially high.
The time-course of amino acid content in various kernel parts proves that cold does not check the enzymic hydrolysis of reserve nitrogen compounds. There is, however, an inhibition of translocation and use of amino acids in the embryo. Therefore, amino acids diffuse out from the caryopse into the media. Although mainly the peripheral parts of endosperm take part in exosmose, participation of the embryo in the exudation of certain amino acids (proline) can be supposed as well.
In cold resistance of emerging maize kernels the remarkable interaction of microorganisms is causally related to the high amino acid exosmose found in these experiments. The mechanism of amino acid exosmose and its relationship to cold resistance are discussed in detail.
Abstract
Obilky kukuřice byly exponovány ve vlhkém sterilním písku při teplotách 24°, 10° a 6 °C. Chromatograficky byl hodnocen obsah aminokyselin v embryu, endospermu a perikarpu obilek a též jejich výskyt v písku.
Čím nižší teplotě byla zrna vystavena a čím více byl inhibován začátek jejich klíčení, tím byl celkový výdej aminokyselin do media větší. Zváště silná byla exosmosa kyseliny asparagové, prolinu, alaninu, kyseliny γ-aminomáselné a glutamové.
Časový průběh změn obsahu aminokyselin v různých částech obilek prokazuje, že chlad nezastavuje enzymovou hydrolýzu rezervních dusíkatých sloučenin. Je však brzděna translokace a využití aminokyselin v embryu. Proto difundují aminokyseliny z obilek do media. Na exosmose se podílejí především periferní části endospermu, ačkoliv je pravděpodobná exudace (např. prolin) též z embrya.
Analýza výsledků naznačuje podstatu inhibičních vlivů chladu na metabolismus dusíku v obilce. Je kauzálně vysvětlena za chladu výrazná interakce mikroorganismů v komplexní chladuvzdornosti zjištěnou exosmosou aminokyselin. Jsou diskutovány otázky mechanismu výdeje a jeho vztah rezistenci obilek kukuřice vůči chladu při vzcházení.
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Segeťa, V., Vedralová, E. Content of free amino acids and their exosmose from maize kernels in relation to cold resistance. Biol Plant 12, 315–326 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02922185
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02922185