Abstract
Grains ofTriticum monococcum L. var.sofianum Körn. were treated with 0·1mm, 0·2mm and 0·3mm solutions of N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNH), with 0·03m solution of buthylmethane sulphonate (BMS) and with X-rays in doses of 5 000r and 10 000r. The germination and development of individual colors of chlorophyl mutants were observed by the system developed byLamprecht (1960). All the mutants induced were classified according to their color changes into three main categories-homogenous unicolor, homogenous multicolor and heterogenous multicolor. In the last type the colors of individual leaves of the same plant varied. Anthocyanin mutations “albina” and “albino-transvirgata” sometimes coincided with the chlorophyll mutations. Some chlorophyll mutations showing complicated groups of colors appeared which were beyond the scale of classification by ordinary systems. The largest proportion in the spectrum of chlorophyll mutations, induced by MNH and X-rays was occupied by mutations of thealbina type. The broadest mutation spectrum in our experiments was induced by the application of 0·3mm MNH. The doses of X-rays used induced relatively higher numbers ofalbina-type chlorophyll mutations than MNH and BMS. In our experiments we succeeded in inducing on medium size samples ofTriticum monococcum L. var.sofianum Körn not only almost all types of chlorophyll mutations, induced byFujii (1960, 1962) andMatsumura (1960), but in addition also a great number of other even more complicated chlorophyll mutations, which have never been previously described inTriticum monococcum. L.
Abstract
ObilkyTriticum monococcum L. var.sofianum Körn. byly ovlivněny 0,1mm, 0,2mm a 0,3mm roztokem N-nitroso-N-methylmočoviny (MNH), 0,03 M roztokem buthylmethansulfonátu (BMS) a 5 000 r i 10 000 r paprsků. X V M2 bylo sledováno vzcházení a byl zaznamenáván individuální barevný vývoj všech indukovaných chlorofylových mutantů klasifikačním systémem podleLamprechta (1960). Indukovaní mutanti tvořili podle typů barevných změn 3 skupiny— rovnoměrně jednobarevné, rovnoměrně vícebarevné a nerovnoměrně vícebarevné, kde se odlišovaly zbarvením od sebe i jednotlivé listy téhož individua. U některých chlorofylových mutantů typů albina se objevily anthocyanové mutace typu “albina” a typu “albino transvirgata”. Několik barevně složitějších chlorofylových mutantů nebylo možné podle dosavadních systémů klasifikovat. Největší procentuální zastoupení ve spektrech chlorofylových mutací indukovaných MNH a paprsky X připadalo na mutacialbina. Nejširší mutační spektrum ze zšech variant indukovala 0,3mm koncentrace MNH. Použité dávky paprsků X indukovaly relativně větší počet chlorofylových mutací albina než MNH a BMS. V práci se podařilo uT. monococcum L. var.sofianum Körn. indukovat na nepříliš velikém materiálu nejen téměř všechny typy chlorofylových mutací popsané Fujiim (Fujii 1960, 1962) a Matsumurou (Matsumura, 1960) uT. monococcum L. var.flavescens Körn., ale iřadu dalších, zejména složitějších chlorofylových mutací, uT. monococcum L. doposud nepublikovaných.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andrejev, V. S.: Genetičeskij mechanizm radiostimulaciji rastěnij.—In: Predposevn. oblučenije semjan selskochozjajstvennych kultur. [Genetic mechanism of radiation stimulation of plants. Irradiation of seeds of agricultural plants before sowing.] AN SSSR, Moskva, Izd. pp. 28–38, 1963.
Ehrenberg, L., Gustafsson, A., Lundqvist, U.: Viable mutants induced in barley by ionizing radiations and chemical mutagens.—Hereditas47: 243–282, 1961.
Fujii, T.: Mutation in einkorn wheat induced by X-rays. VI. Segregation ratio and viability of several chlorophyll mutants.—Seiken Ziho11: 12–20, 1960.
Fujii, T.: Radiosensitivity in plants. IV. Experiments with several mutant strains of einkorn wheat.—Jap. J. Genet.35: 110–119, 1960.
Fujii, T.: Chlorophyll mutations in einkorn wheat induced by radiation.—Seiken Ziho13: 138–143, 1962.
Gustafsson, A.: The mutation system of the chlorophyll apparatus.—Lunds Univ. Arsskr. N. F., Adv. 2,36: 1–40, 1940.
Lamprecht, H.: Classification system of leaf colour mutants.—Agr. hort. Genet.18: 135, 1960.
Matsumura, S.: Radiation genetics in wheat. V. Influence of irradiation time and temperature on the genetic effects of ionizing radiation in diploid wheat.—Jap. J. Genet.35: 197–204, 1960.
Nilan, R. A., Konzak, C. F., Legault, R. R., Harle, J. R.: The oxygen effect in barley seeds. Effects ionizing radiat. on seeds.—IAEA, Vienna, pp. 139–152, 1961.
Nilan, R. A., Konzak, C. F., Heiner, R. E., Froese-Gertzen E. E.: The effect of ethyl methansulphonate on the growth response chromosome structure and mutation rate in barley. —Radiat. Bot.4: 61–69, 1964.
Nybom, N.: The pigment characteristics of chlorophyll mutations in barley.—Hereditas41: 483–498, 1955.
Pierre, V.: Augmentation du rendement et des qualites des cultures par irradiation des semences. —Inds. Atom.3: 77–84, 1959.
Rao, N. S., Gopal-Avengar, A. R.: Combined effects of thermal neutrons and diethylsulphate on mutation frequency and spectrum in rice.—Biological Effects of Neutron and Proton Irradiations, IAEA, Vienna, p. 383, 1964.
Shama, H. K., Sears, E. R.: Chemical mutagenesis inTriticum aestivum.—Mutation Res.1: 387, 1964.
Smith, L.: Mutants and linkage studies inTriticum monococcum andT. aegilopoides.—Agr. exp. Sta. Univ. Miss. Res. Bull.298: 1–26, 1939.
Smith, L.: Effect of atomic bomb radiation and X-rays on seeds of cereals.—J. Hered.41: 125–130, 1950.
Vagera, J.: The effect of N-nitroso-N-methylurea, butylmethane sulphonate and X-rays on morphological, physiological and quantitative characters in einkorn wheat in M1.—Sborník Ped. Fak. PU, Olomoue, 1969.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Address: Žerotínovo nám., Olomoue, Czechoslovakia.
The plates will be found at the and of the issue.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vagera, J. The effect of N-nitroso-N-methylurea, buthylmethane sulphonate and X-rays on the germination and production of chlorophyll mutations in einkorn wheat. Biol Plant 11, 408–416 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02921408
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02921408