Abstract
The banking industry generally supports and the insurance industry generally opposes the removal of regulatory boundaries between the two industries. In an effort to explain these industry attitudes, this article examines the effect, in the absence of synergies, of hypothetical mergers of banks and insurance companies on shareholders' risk and return. The results suggest that, if cash flows are not impacted by the mergers, the attitudes of industry management toward inter-industry mergers cannot be motivated by concerns for shareholder risk and return since, during the data period considered, insurer shareholders would have gained more by acquiring banks than bank shareholders would have gained from acquiring insurers.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barry, C.B. and S.J. Brown. “Differential Information and Security Market Equilibrium.”Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 20 (December 1985): 407–422.
Benston, G., R. Eisenbeis, P. Horvitz, E. Kane and G. Kaufman.Perspectives on Safe and Sound Banking: Past, Present and Future. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986.
Boyd, J. H. and S. L. Graham. “Bank Holding Company Mergers with Nonbank Financial Firms: Effects on Risk of Failure.”Journal of Banking and Finance 17 (1993): 43–63.
Boyd, J. H. and S. L. Graham. “Bank Holding Company Risk,” in B. E. Gup,ed.Bank Mergers: Current Issues and Perspectives, 197–226. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989.
Boyd, J. H. and S. L. Graham. “Risk Regulation, and Bank Holding Company Expansion into Non-banking.” Federal Reserve Bank of MinneapolisQuarterly Review 10 (Spring 1986): 2–17.
Brewer, E. III. “The Risk of Banks Expanding Their Permissible Nonbanking Activities.”Financial Review 25 (November 1990): 517–537.
Brewer, E. III. “Relationship Between Bank Holding Company Risk and Nonbank Activity.”Journal of Economics and Business 41 (1989): 337–353.
Brewer, E. III. “A Note on the Relationship Between Bank Holding Company Risk and Nonbank Activity.” Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Staff Memorandum 88-5, 1988.
Brewer, E. III, D. Fortier, and C. Pavel. “Bank Risk From Nonbank Activities.” Federal Reserve Bank of ChicagoEconomic Perspectives 12 (July/August 1988): 14–26.
Buser, S.A., A.H. Chen, and E.J. Kane. “Federal Deposit Insurance, Regulatory Policy and Optimal Bank Capital.”The Journal of Finance 35 (March 1981): 51–60.
Coles, J.L. and U. Lowenstein. “Equilibrium Pricing and Portfolio Composition in the Presence of Uncertain Parameters.”Journal of Financial Economics 22 (1988): 279–303.
Copeland, T.E. and J.F. Weston.Financial Theory and Corporate Policy, 3d ed. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1988.
Cornett, M.M. and S. De. “Common Stock Returns in Corporate Takeover Bids: Evidence from Interstate Bank Mergers.”Journal of Banking and Finance 15 (1991): 273–295.
Covaleski, J. M. “Clinton's Man Sides with Banks,”Best's Review: Life-Health (February 1994): 29–33, 82.
Cummins, J.D.. “Risk-Based Premiums for Insurance Guaranty Funds.”Journal of Finance 43 (1988): 823–839.
Eisenbeis, R.A., R.S. Harris, and J. Lakonishok. “Benefits of Bank Diversification: The Evidence from Shareholder Returns.”Journal of Finance 39 (July 1984): 881–894.
Fields, J.A.. “Expense Preference Behavior in Mutual Life Insurers.”Journal of Financial Services Research 1 (1988): 113–129.
Fields, J.A. and N.B. Murphy. “An Analysis of Efficiency in the Delivery of Financial Services: The Case of Life Insurance Agencies.”Journal of Financial Services Research 2 (October 1989): 343–356.
Friedman, J.W.Game Theory with Applications to Economics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1986.
Grace, M.F. and S.G. Timme. “An Examination of Cost Economies in the United States Life Insurance Industry.”Journal of Risk and Insurance 59 (March 1992): 72–103.
Hardwick, P.. “Scale and Scope Economies in the UK Life Assurance Industry.”British Review of Economic Issues 16 (October 1994): 69–86.
Hawawini, G. and I. Swary.Mergers and Acquisitions in the U. S. Banking Industry: Evidence from the Capital Markets. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1990.
Heggestad, A. A.. “Riskiness of Investments in Nonbank Activities by Bank Holding Companies.”Journal of Economics and Business 27 (Spring 1975): 219–223.
Herring, R. J. and P. Vankudre. “Growth Opportunities and Risk-Taking by Financial Intermediaries.”The Journal of Finance 42 (July 1987): 583–599.
Isimbabi, M. J.. “The Stock Market Perception of Industry Risk and the Separation of Banking and Commerce.”Journal of Banking and Finance 18 (1994): 325–349.
Jarrell, G. A., J.A. Brickley, and J.M. Netter. “The Market for Corporate Control: The Empirical Evidence Since 1980.”Journal of Economic Perspectives 2 (Winter 1988): 49–68.
Jensen, M. and R. Ruback. “The Market for Corporate Control: The Scientific Evidence.”The Journal of Financial Economics 11 (1983): 5–50.
Johnson, B. and A. Zinsser. “The Bank Battle: How Insurers Can Win in the New Distribution Game.”Journal of the American Society of CLU & ChFC 48 (May 1994): 52–59.
Johnson, R. D., and D. R. Meinster. “Bank Holding Companies: Diversification Opportunities in Nonbank Activities.”Eastern Economic Journal 1 (October 1974): 1453–1465.
Kane, E.The Gathering Crisis in Federal Deposit Insurance. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1985.
Kellner, S. and G.F. Mathewson. “Entry, Size Distribution, Scale and Scope Economies in the Life Insurance Industry.”Journal of Business 56 (1983): 25–44.
King, A. L.. “The Market Performance of Diversified and Non-Diversified Organizations Within the P-L Insurance Industry.”Journal of Risk and Insurance 42 (September 1975): 471–493.
Litan, R. E. “Taking the Dangers Out of Bank Deregulation.”The Brookings Review (Fall 1986).
Litan, R. E.What Should Banks Do?. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institute, 1987.
Meinster, D. R. and R. D. Johnson. “Bank Holding Company Diversification and the Risk of Capital Impairment.”The Bell Journal of Economics 10 (Autumn 1979): 683–694.
Merton, R. C.. “On the Application of the Continuous-Time Theory of Finance to Financial Intermediation and Insurance.”The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance 14 (July 1989): 225–261.
Rejda, G.E.Principles of Insurance. 3d ed. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1989.
Santomero, A. M.. “Modeling the Banking Firm.”Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 16 (November 1984): 576–602.
Saunders, A.Financial Institutions Management: A Modern Perspective. Burr Ridge, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1994.
Wall, L.D.. “Has Bank Holding Companies' Diversification Affected Their Risk of Failure?”Journal of Economics and Business 39 (1987): 313–326.
Wall, L. D. “Nonbank Activities and Risk.”Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review (October 1986): 19–34.
Wall, L.D. and B.E. Gup. “The Market Valuation of Bank Acquisitions.” in B. E. Gup, ed.Bank Mergers: Current Issues and Perspectives, 107–120. Norwall, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989.
Zultowski, W. H.. “The Agent in the Distribution Revolution Decade.”Journal of the American Society of CLU & ChFC 48 (May 1994): 44–50.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bajtelsmit, V.L., Ligon, J.A. Can the interests of shareholders explain industry attitudes toward banking-insurance mergers?. J Econ Finan 20, 3–12 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02920887
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02920887