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Pea growth and ion accumulation at varying seed density

Růst hrachu a akumulace iontů při různé hustotě výsevu

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Biologia Plantarum

Abstract

Decreased accumulation of elements, particularly of nitrogen, had in dense stand a negative influence on the plants, in spite of the supply of fresh solution and the control of the concentration of nutrients in the pots. The fresh weight and the dry matter of one plant were reduced substantially with rising stand density (from 5 to 10, 20, 40 and 80 plants per 450 sq. cm); the RGR value, the relative absorption rate IM, the content of all tested elements calculated per one plant, the chlorophyll content in the overground parts of one plant, and the distribution index decrease. Qualitatively the same influence is caused by deficiency of nutrients. Plant dying and self-thinning of the culture occurred in denser stand in the course of cultivation. The root-weight ratio rose with stand densification, particularly at the end of the experiment. The net assimilation rate (NAR) related to chlorophyll dropped with stand density; NAR at density “80” rose slightly from the 22nd day of cultivation and did so at further lower densities. Almost all NAR values lie over the control value at the last measurement. The chlorophyll content in mg g−1 dry matter of the overground parts rose with stand density to density “40” (41% more than at density “5”); afterwards it dropped. The accumulation (in mg g−1 d.m.) of phosphorus ions was higher in the plants from dense cultures compared with density “5”, particularly in the roots. The accumulation of potassium was near to the control value (“5”), while that of nitrogen was lower. The utilization quotients of phosphorus and potassium in denser stands were the same or negligibly lower than at density “5”. They were a little higher in nitrogen than in the controls. Also the ratio RGR/IM was a little higher than in denser stands. The root-weight ratio, the accumulation of elements in mg g−1 d.m., the chlorophyll content in mg g−1 d.m., NARch, the utilization quotient, and the ratio RGR/IM differed qualitatively by the densification of the culture (with complete mineral nutrition) from the influence of element deficiency (at the same stand density).

Abstract

Přes zajištění dodávky čerstvého roztoku a kontrolu koncentrace živin v nádobách, podílela se snížená akumulace prvků, především dusíku, v hustých porostech na negativním ovlivnění rostlin. Se zvyšující se hustotou porostu (5, 10, 20, 40 a 80 rostlin na 450 cm2) byla podstatně redukována čerstvá váha a sušina jedné rostliny, klesala hodnota RGR, relativní míry absorpce IM, obsah všech měřených prvků při přepočtu na jednu rostlinu, obsah chlorofylů na nadzemní část jedné rostliny a distribuční index. Během kultivace došlo v hustších porostech k odumírání rostlin a k samozředování porostů.

Zastoupení kořenů v celkové váze rostliny stoupalo, zvláště na konci pokusů. Čistá míra asimilace (NAR), vztažená na chlorofyl, s hustotou porostů klesala; od 22. dne kultivace však NAR v hustotě “80” mírně stoupne, postupně též v dalších hustotách. Při posledním měření jsou téměř všechny hodnoty NAR nad kontrolní hodnotou. Akumulace (v mg g−1 sušiny) iontů fosforu byla vesměs vyšší v rostlinách z hustých porostů ve srovnání s hustotou “5”, zvláště v kořenech. Blízká kontrole (“5”) byla akumulace draslíku, nižší dusíku. Kvocient utilizace fosforu a draslíku je v hustších porostech stejný nebo nepatrně nižší než v hustotě “5”. Málo vyšší než v kontrole je u dusíku. Též poměr RGR/IM je málo vyšší v hustých porostech Zastoupení kořenů ve váze celé rostliny, akumulace prvků v mg g−1 sušiny, obsah chlorofylu v mg g−1 sušiny, NARch, kvocient utilizace a poměr RGR/IM kvalitativně se odlišují při zahuštování porostů (při plné minerální výživě) od vlivu deficience prvků při stejné hustotě porostu.

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Address: Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czechoslovakia.

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Laštůvka, Z., Minář, J. Pea growth and ion accumulation at varying seed density. Biol Plant 12, 167–179 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02920865

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