Abstract
The Asteraceae is characterized by structurally diverse sesquiterpene lactones and furanosesquiterpenes. In this review the tribal, subtribal and generic distribution of sesquiterpene lactones is examined and the compounds’ utility as taxonomic characters discussed.
Sesquiterpene lactones fulfill the major requirements for good analytic and synthetic characters. Studies of infraspecific sesquiterpene lactone variation indicate that different elements within complex taxa are often defined by distinct chemistries, termed chemotypes. Chemotypes have been identified within many of the thoroughly investigated taxa:Ambrosia camphorata, A. chamissonis, A. confertiflora, theA. cumanensis-A. psilostachya-A. artemisiifolia complex,A. dumosa, Artemisia tridentata, Gaillardia pulchella andMelampodium leucanthum. Such an analytic usage is mostly restricted to the infraspecific level.
Synthetic usage at the interspecific level and above profits from the application of a biogenetically based methodology for sorting out the complex molecules’ carbon-skeletal and substitutional features into unit characters. Cladistics or Hennigian phylogenetic systematics provides a useful framework for such an analysis. Preliminary surveys indicate that sesquiterpene lactones are especially good characters for differentiating subtribes within several major tribes: the Vernonieae, Heliantheae and Mutisieae. As yet, too few data are available for other tribes to discern such patterns. Species surveys inVernonia, Ambrosia, Iva, Parthenium,Tetragonotheca andArtemisia demonstrate that sesquiterpene lactones are useful in discerning infrageneric groups. The biogenetic cladistic analysis of the interspecific sesquiterpene lactone variation inIva shows the efficacy of this analytical methodology.
At present, such biogenetically based approaches are impeded by limited biosynthetic evidence and the erratic distribution of sesquiterpene lactones within the family. Instances of apparent displacement of sesquiterpene lactones by other terpenoids (i.e. sesquiterpene furans, alcohols and acids, diterpenes, diterpene acids, etc.) at various taxonomic levels suggest that ultimately sesquiterpene lactones must be interpreted as taxonomic characters in the context of the family’s total terpene chemistry.
All taxa from which sesquiterpene lactones have been reported are listed together with the compound names, major structural features and the literature cited. A less-complete listing is provided for taxa producing furanosesquiterpenes. Structures for all reported compounds are included. Two appendices listing alphabetically taxa and compounds and relevant text page numbers permit cross-indexing of plants and compounds.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature Cited
Abbasov, R. M., N. M. Ismailov andK. S. Rybalko. 1965. The lactone constituents ofArtemisia spicigera. The dynamics of accumulation of lactones, essential oils and “phenols” and their inter-relationships. Vopr. Eksperim. Botan. Sb. 5; Chem. Abstr.65: 12563c (1966).
Abe, N., T. Harukawa, H. Ishikawa, T. Miki, M. Sumi andT. Toga. 1953. Santonin. I. The synthesis of two optically inactive stereoisomerides of santonin. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.75: 2567.
-,R. Onoda, K. Shirahata, T. Kato, M. C. Woods and Y. Kitahara. 1968. The structure of bakkenolide A. Tetrahedron Lett. 369.
Abdel-Baset, Z. H., L. Southwick, W. Padolina, H. Yoshioka, T. J. Mabry andS. B. Jones, Jr. 1971. Sesquiterpene lactones: A survey of 21 United States taxa from the genusVernonia (Compositae). Phytochemistry10: 2201.
Abraham, E. P., D. M. Crowfoot, A. E. Joseph andE. M. Osborn. 1946. An antibacterial substance fromArctium minus andOnopordon tauricum. Nature158: 744.
Abu-Shady, H. andT. O. Soine. 1953. The chemistry ofAmbrosia maritima L. The isolation and preliminary characterization of ambrosin and damsin. J. Amer. Pharm. Assoc.42: 387.
Adams, R. andW. Herz. 1949. Helenalin. I. Isolation and properties. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.71: 2546.
——. 1949. Helenalin, III. Reduction and dehydrogenation. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.71: 2554.
Agafonova, N. V., L. E. Kushnir, A. D. Kuzovkov, A. I. Shreter andM. G. Pimenov. 1966. Chemical study ofSaussurea pulchella Fisch. Aptechn. Delo.15: 36; Chem. Abstr.65: 3681d (1966).
Akyev, B. 1976. Artemin fromArtemisia kemrudica. Isv. Akad. Nauk. Turkmensk. SSR. Ser. Biol. Nauk.6: 85; Chem. Abstr.87: 19053n (1977).
—,S. Z. Kasymov andG. P. Sidyakin. 1971. Sesquiterpene lactones ofArtemisia santolina. Khim. Prir. Soedin.7: 531; English ed. p. 514; Chem. Abstr.75: 148501h (1971).
———. 1972. Arsanin—a new sesquiterpene lactone fromArtemisia santolina. Khim. Prir. Soedin.8: 461; English ed. p. 458; Chem. Abstr. 78: 13748K (1973).
———. 1972. Structure and configuration of arsanin. Khim. Prir. Soedin.8: 730; English ed. p. 713; Chem. Abstr.78: 84565j (1973).
———. 1972. Artesin—a new sesquiterpene lactone fromArtemisia santolina. Khim. Prir. Soedin.8: 733; English ed. p. 715; Chem. Abstr. 78: 84563g (1973).
Akhmedov, I. S., S. Z. Kasymov andG. P. Sidyakin. 1970. Structure of artabin. Khim. Prir. Soedin.6: 691; English ed. p. 703; Chem. Abstr.74: 112239u (1971).
———. 1970. Artabin—a new lactone fromArtemisia absinthium. Khim. Prir. Soedin.6: 622; English ed. p. 634.
———. 1972. Arabsin—a new lactone fromArtemisia absinthium. Khim. Prir. Soedin.8: 245; English ed. p. 245; Chem. Abstr.77: 85567c (1972).
Alemán, R., A. Rosado, M. Rodríguez andJ. F. Bertrán. 1977. Composition ofWedelia rugosa Greenm. Rev. Cubana Farm.11: 47; Chem. Abstr.88: 3076g (1978).
Ali, E., P. P. Ghosh Dastidar, S. C. Pakrashi, L. J. Durham andA. M. Duffield. 1972. Sesquiterpene lactones ofEnhydra fluctuans Lour. Structures of enhydrin, fluctuanin and fluctuadin. Tetrahedron28: 2285.
Alvarado, S., J. F. Ciccio, J. Calzada, V. Zabel andW. H. Watson. 1979. Thieleanine, a new guaianolide fromDecachaeta thieleana. Phytochemistry18: 330.
Anderson, L. A. P., W. T. de Kock, K. G. R. Pachler andC. V. D. M. Brink. 1967. The structure of vermeerin. A sesquiterpenoid dilactone fromGeigeria africana Gries. Tetrahedron23: 4153.
——,W. Nel, K. G. R. Pachler andG. Van Tonder. 1969. Gafrinin, a sesquiterpenoid lactone fromGeigeria africana Gries. I. Revised structure. Tetrahedron24: 1687.
Anthonson, T. andS. Chantharasakul. 1971. Isolation of ent-16-kauren-19-oic-acid and ent-16-kauren-19-01 fromAbrotanella nivigena. Acta Chem. Scand.25: 1925; Chem. Abstr.75: 137488h (1971).
Aparecida, M., H. Cagnin, C. M. R. Gómes, O. R. Gottlieb, A. I. Marx, M. F. de Rocha, G. F. da Silva andJ. A. Temperini. 1977. Biochemical systematics: Methods and principles. Plant Syst. Evol. Suppl.1: 53.
Arkhipova, L. I., S. Z. Kasymov andG. P. Sidyakin. 1970. Sesquiterpenoid lactones fromArtemisia halophila. Khim. Prir. Soedin.6: 480; Chem. Abstr.74: 10349n (1971).
Asahina, Y. andT. Momose. 1937. Über das α-oxysantonin. Ber. Dtsch. Chm. Ges.70: 812.
Asaka, Y., T. Kubota andA. B. Kulkarni. 1977. Studies on a bitter principle fromVernonia anthelmintica. Phytochemistry16: 1838; Chem. Abstr.88: 47467q (1978).
Asakawa, Y., N. Tokunaga, T. Takemoto, S. Hattori, M. Mizutani andC. Suire. 1980. Chemosystematics of bryophytes. IV. The distribution of terpenoids and aromatic compounds in Hepaticae and Anthocerotae. J. Hattori Bot. Lab.47: 153.
Asplund, R. O., M. McKee andP. Balasubramaniyan. 1972. Artevasin: A new sesquiterpene lactone fromArtemisia tridentata. Phytochemistry11: 3542.
Babakhodzhaev, A., S. Z. Kasymov andG. P. Sidyakin. 1973. Xanthatin fromXanthium spinosum. Khim. Prir. Soedin.9: 559; Chem. Abstr.80: 45621w (1974).
Bacon, J. D., E. L. Urbatsch, L. H. Bragg, T. J. Mabry, P. Neuman andD. W. Jackson. 1978. The flavonoids ofTetragonotheca (Compositae). Phytochemistry17: 1939.
Baker, P. M., C. C. Fortes, E. G. Fortes, G. Cazzinelli, B. Gilbert, J. N. C. Lópes, J. Pellegrino, T. C. B. Tomassini andW. Vichnewski. 1972. Chemoprophylactic agents in schistosomiasis: Eremanthin, costunolide, α-cyclocostunolide, and bisabolol. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.24: 853.
Banh-Nhu, C., E. Gacs-Baitz, L. Radics, J. Tamas, K. Ujszaszy andG. Verzar-Petri. 1979. Achillicin, the first proazulene fromAchillea millefolium. Phytochemistry18: 331.
Barton, D. H. R. and P. deMayo. 1957. The constitution of pyrethrosin. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 150.
-,G. P. Moss and J. A. Whittle. 1968. Biosynthesis of santonin. J. Chem. Soc. C. 1813.
-,and C. R. Navayanan. 1958. The constitution of lactucin. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 963.
-,and J. T. Pinhey. 1960. The stereochemical correlation of artemisin and geigerin. Proc. Chem. Soc. 279.
-,-and R. J. Wells. 1964. Synthetic studies on geigerin and its derivatives. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 2518.
Barua, N. C., R. P. Sharma, K. P. Madhysudanan, G. Thyagarayan, W. Herz andR. Murani. 1979. The sesquiterpene lactones ofTithonia diversifolia: Stereochemistry of the tagitinins and related compounds. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)44: 1831.
Barua, R. N., R. P. Sharma, G. Thyagarajan, W. Herz andS. V. Govindan. 1980. New melampolides and darutigenol fromSigesbeckia orientalis. Phytochemistry19: 323.
————— andJ. F. Blount. 1980. Unusual germacranolides fromInula eupatorioides. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)45: 4838.
Batterham, T. J., N. K. Hart andJ. A. Lamberton. 1966. Guaianolides from the wax ofCalocephalus brownii F. Muell. (Compositae). Austral. J. Chem.19: 143.
Beauhaire, J., J. L. Fourrey, M. Vuilhorgne and J. Y. Lallemand. 1980. Dimeric sesquiterpene lactones: Structure of absinthin. Tetrahedron Lett. 3191.
Beetle, A. A. andA. Young. 1965. A third subspecies in theArtemisia tridentata complex. Rhodora67: 405.
Begley, M. J., G. Pattenden, T. J. Mabry, M. Miyakado and H. Yoshioka. 1975. Constitution of peucephyllin, a new type of germacranolide fromPeucephyllum schottii. Tetrahedron. Lett. 1105.
Benesova, V. andV. Herout. 1961. Neutral substances fromTelekia speciosa (Schreb) Baumg. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.26: 2916.
—— andF. Sôrm. 1961. Structure of telekin and isotelekin new sesquiterpenic lactones fromTelekia speciosa (Schreb) Baumg. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.26: 1350.
———. 1964. Isolation and structure of nobilin, a sesquiterpene lactone with a ten-membered ring. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.29: 3097.
—,M. V. Nazarenko andL. V. Sleptsova. 1970. Sesquiterpenic γ-lactones fromArtemisia jacutica. Khim. Prir. Soedin.5: 186; Chem. Abstr.72: 39763n (1970).
-,Z. Samek, V. Herout and F. Sôrm. 1970. The structure of nobilin. Tetrahedron Lett. 5017.
Bentley, R. K. T., G. S. C. Buchanan, T. G. Halsall and V. Thaller. 1970. Urospermal A and urospermal B, conformers of a germacranolide aldehyde fromUrospermum dalechampii F. W. Schmidt. Chem. Commun. 435.
Bermejo Barrera, J., C. Betancov, J. L. Bretón-Funes andA. G. González. 1969. Lactonas sesquiterpénicas de laAmberboa lippii D.C. Anales Real Soc. Esp. Fís. Quím.65: 285.
-,J. L. Breton-Funes and A. G. González. 1966. Terpenoids of theSonchus. Part III. Sesquiterpene lactones ofS. Jacquini D.C,S. pinnatus Ait. andS. radicatus Ait. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1298.
-,-,M. Fajardo and A. G. González. 1967. Terpenoids from theSonchus. VI. Tuberiferine fromSonchus tuberifer Svent. Tetrahedron Lett. 3475.
-,-,A. G. González and A. Villar Del Fresno. 1968. Lactonas sesquiterpénicas deSonchus hierrensis (Pit) Svent. stat. nov. var.benehoavensis Svent. var nova. Anales Real Soc. Esp. Fís. Quím. 893.
Betkouski, M., T. J. Mabry, I. F. Taylor andW. H. Watson. 1975. Glaucolide-D and -E, two new germacranolides fromVernonia uniflora Sch.-Bip. (Compositae). Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.6: 191.
-,-,T. W. Adams, W. H. Watson and S. B. Jones, Jr. 1976. Glaucolide G, a new germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone fromVernonia leiocarpa (Compositae). Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.111; Chem. Abstr.86: 13822v (1977).
Bhacca, N. S., R. A. Wiley, N. H. Fischer and F. W. Wehrli. 1973. Carbon-13 and proton magnetic resonance study of the structure and conformation of a new germacranolide sesquiterpene dilactone. Chem. Commun. 614.
Bhadane, N. R., R. G. Kelsey andF. Shafizadeh. 1975. Sesquiterpene lactones ofArtemisia tridentata ssp.vaseyana. Phytochemistry14: 2084.
— andF. Shafizadeh. 1975. Sesquiterpene lactones of sagebrush: The structure of artecanin. Phytochemistry14: 2651.
Biddulph, S. F. 1944. A revision of the genusGaillardia. Res. Stud. State Coll. Wash.12: 195.
Bierner, M. W. 1973. Sesquiterpene lactones and the systematics ofHelenium quadridentatum andH. elegans. Biochem. System.1: 95; Chem. Abstr.79: 102768c (1973).
Bjeldanes, L. F. andT. A. Geissman. 1971. Constituents of an F1 hybridEncelia farinosa xEncelia californica. Phytochemistry10: 1079.
Bloszyk, E., B. Drozdz, Z. Samek, J. Toman andM. Holub. 1975. Linifolin A and helenalin fromHelenium aromaticum. Phytochemistry14: 1444.
Bohlmann, F. andW. R. Abraham. 1981. Aplotaxene epoxide fromCirsium hypoleucum. Phytochemistry20: 855.
— andR. Bohlmann. 1980. Three guaianolides fromHypochoeris radicata. Phytochemistry19: 2045.
—,G. Brindopke andR. C. Rastogi. 1978. A new type of germacranolide fromVernonia species. Phytochemistry17: 475.
— andH. Czerson. 1978. A new glaucolide derivative fromErlangea remifolia. Phytochemistry17: 1190.
——. 1978. Neue Guajanolid-derivate ausErlangea inyangana (N. E. Br.) B. L. Burtt. Phytochemistry17: 568.
—— andS. Schöneweiß. 1977. Neue Inhaltsstoffe ausInula viscosa Ait. Chem. Ber.110: 1330.
—,A. K. Dhar, J. Jakupovic, R. M. King andH. Robinson. 1981. Eudesmanolides fromDimerostemma lippioides. Phytochemistry20: 838.
—————. 1981. Two sesquiterpene lactones with an additional propiolactone ring fromDisynaphia halimifolia. Phytochemistry20: 1077.
——R. M. King andH. Robinson. 1981. A guaianolide fromGuevaria sodiroi. Phytochemistry20: 1144.
—,L. N. Dutta, W. Knauf, H. Robinson andR. M. King. 1980. Neue Sesquiterpenlactone ausAster umbellatus. Phytochemistry19: 433.
——. 1979. Neue Germacranolide ausLiatris cylindracea. Phytochemistry18: 847.
——. 1979. Ein neues Heliangolid ausHelianthus lehmannii. Phytochemistry18: 679.
——,W. Dorner, R. M. King andH. Robinson. 1979. Zwei neue Guajanolide sowie Weitere Longipinenester aus Stevia-arten. Phytochemistry18: 673.
—— andK. Kerr. 1980. Sesquiterpenlactone ausOxylobus oaxacanus. Phytochemistry19: 691.
——,H. Robinson andR. M. King. 1979. Neue Sesquiterpenlactone ausEupatorium sessilifolium. Phytochemistry18: 1401.
— andD. Ehlers. 1977. Ein neuescis, cis-germacranolid ausChrysanthemum poteriifolium. Phytochemistry16: 137.
—— andC. Zdero. 1978. Einige neue Furanoeremophilane ausSenecio- arten. Phytochemistry17: 467.
——— andM. Grenz. 1977. Über Inhaltsstoffe der GattungLigularia. Chem. Ber.110: 2640.
— andL. Fiedler. 1978. Notiz über ein neues Germacrolid ausChromolaena glaberrima (DC.) K. et R. Chem. Ber.111: 408.
—,U. Fritz andL. Dutta. 1980. Neue Acetylenverbindungen ausLeucanthe- mum-arten und Revision der Strucktur eines Germacranolids. Phytochemistry19: 841.
——R. M. King andH. Robinson. 1981. Fourteen heliangolides fromCalea species. Phytochemistry20: 743.
-,and M. Grenz. 1969. Über ein neues Sesquiterpenlacton ausPluchea dioscorides DC. Tetrahedron Lett. 5111.
——. 1979. Ein neues Furanoeremophilan-derivat ausLigularia macrophylla. Phytochemistry18: 491.
——. 1979. Ein neues Germacranolid ausMunnozia maronii. Phytochemistry18: 334.
—— andA. Suwita. 1977. Inhaltsstoffe ausGynoxys undPseudogynoxys- arten. Phytochemistry16: 774.
—— andC. Zdero. 1977. Naturally-occurring terpene derivatives. Constituents of theLiabum group. Phytochemistry16: 285.
—,R. K. Gupta, J. Jakupovic, R. M. King andH. Robinson. 1981. Secoeremophilanolides fromSenecio macrotis. Phytochemistry20: 1155.
— andJ. Jakupovic. 1979. Neue Germacranolide ausCalea urticifolia. Phytochemistry18: 119.
——. 1979. Zwei neue Sesquiterpenlactone und eine neue Sesquiterpensäure ausHelenium puberulum. Phytochemistry18: 131.
——. 1979. Neue Labdan-derivat und Sesquiterpene ausSilphium- arten. Phytochemistry18: 1987.
——,M. Ahmed, M. Grenz, H. Suding, H. Robinson and R. M. King. 1981. Germacranolides and diterpenes fromViguiera species. Phytochemistry20: 113.
——A. K. Dhar, R. M. King andH. Robinson. 1981. Heliangolides and diterpenes fromHartwrightia floridana. Phytochemistry20: 843.
——,L. Dutta andM. Goodman. 1980. Neue, Abgewandelte Pseudoguajanolide ausPsilostrophe villosa. Phytochemistry19: 1491.
——,A. K. Dhar, R. M. King andH. Robinson. 1981. Two sesquiterpene and three diterpene lactones fromAcanthospermum australe. Phytochemistry20: 1081.
——,R. K. Gupta, R. M. King andH. Robinson. 1981. Allenic germacranolides, bourbonene-derived lactones and other constituents fromVernonia species. Phytochemistry20: 473.
——,R. M. King andH. Robinson. 1980. Neue Ent-atisirenund Ent-kaurensäure-derivat aus Helianthus-arten. Phytochemistry19: 863.
—— andM. Lonitz. 1977. Über Inhaltsstoffe derEupatorium Gruppe. Chem. Ber.110: 301.
——,H. Robinson andR. M. King. 1981. Five germacranolides fromGochnatia discoidea. Phytochemistry20: 109.
—— andC. Zdero. 1978. Neue Norsesquiterpene ausRudbeckia laciniata undSenecio paludaffinis. Phytochemistry17: 2034.
———R. M. King andH. Robinson. 1979. Neue Melampolide undcis, cis-germacranolide aus Vertretern der Subtribus Melampodiinae. Phytochemistry18: 625.
— andK. H. Knoll. 1978. Weitere Furanoeremophilane aus Othonna-arten. Phytochemistry17: 461.
——. 1979. Eine neues Norsesquiterpen und Andere Inhaltsstoffe aus Ligularia-arten. Phytochemistry18: 877.
——. 1979. Neuartige Sesquiterpenlactone und neue Acetylenvergingen aus Athanasia-arten. Phytochemistry18: 995.
—— andN. A. El-Emary. 1981. Neurartige Sesquiterpenelactone ausPulicaria crispa. Phytochemistry18: 1231.
——H. Robinson andR. M. King. 1980. Neue Eudesmanolide ausSteiractinia mollis. Phytochemistry19: 971.
————. 1980. Neue Kaurenderivate und Melampolide ausSmallanthus uvedalia. Phytochemistry19: 107.
————. 1980. Neue Guaianolide ausCacosmia rugosa. Phytochemistry19: 599.
——C. Zdero, P. K. Mahanta, M. Grenz, A. Suwita, D. Ehlers, N. LeVan, W. R. Abraham andA. A. Natu. 1977. Terpen-derivat aus Senecio-arten. Phytochemistry16: 965.
— andN. LeVan. 1977. Neue Guajanolide ausPodachaenium eminens. Phytochemistry16: 1304.
——. 1977. Sesquiterpenlactone und Polyine aus der GattungArctotis. Phytochemistry16: 487.
——. 1978. New germacranolides fromDicoma anomala. Phytochemistry17: 570.
——. 1978. Neue Sesquiund Diterpene ausBedfordia salicina. Phytochemistry17: 1173.
——. 1978. Neue Kaurensäure-derivat und Germacranolide ausMontanoa pteropoda. Phytochemistry17: 1957.
——,T. V. Cuong Pham, J. Jakupovic, A. Schuster, V. Zable andW. H. Watson. 1979. β-Isocomen, ein neues Sesquiterpen aus Berkheya-arten. Phytochemistry18: 1831.
— andM. Lonitz. 1978. Neue Sandaracopimardien-derivat, Sesquiterpene und Sesquiterpenlactone aus Zexmenia-arten. Chem. Ber.111: 843.
——. 1980. Naturlich vorkommende Terpenderivate, 272. Uber die Inhaltsstoffe vonZexmenia gnaphaloides und die Synthese von Valerenan-derivaten. Chem. Ber.113: 2410.
— andP. K. Mahanta. 1979. Zwei neue Pseudoguajanolide ausTelekia speciosa. Phytochemistry18: 887.
—— andL. N. Dutta. 1979. Weitere Hirsutinolide aus Vernonia-arten. Phytochemistry18: 289.
——,J. Jakupovic, R. C. Rastogi andA. A. Natu. 1978. New sesquiterpene lactones fromInula species. Phytochemistry17: 1165.
——,A. Suwita, A. Suwita, A. A. Natu, C. Zdero, W. Dorner, D. Ehlers andM. Grenz. 1977. Neue Sesquiterpenlactone und andere Inhaltsstoffe aus Vertretern der Eupatorium-gruppe. Phytochemistry16: 1973.
——,A. A. Natu, R. M. King andH. Robinson. 1978. New germacranolides fromIsocarpha species. Phytochemistry17: 471.
—,L. Müller, R. M. King andH. Robinson. 1981. A guaianolide and other constituents fromLychnophora species. Phytochemistry20: 1149.
—,A. A. Natu andP. K. Mahanta. 1978. Naturally-occurring terpene derivatives. Part 122. New diterpenes and germacranolides fromMikania species. Phytochemistry17: 483.
—,E. Rosenberg, H. Robinson andR. M. King. 1980. Pseudoguaianolides fromWedelia grandiflora. Phytochemistry19: 2047.
— andA. Suwita. 1976. Weitere Furanoeremophilane aus Othonna-arten. Chem. Ber.109: 1230.
—— andP. Mahanta. 1976. Weitere Inhaltsstoffe aus Senecio-arten. Chem. Ber.109: 3570.
——. 1979. Ein neues Guajanolid und ein Secoguajanolid ausHelichrysum splendidum. Phytochemistry18: 885.
——,R. M. King andH. Robinson. 1980. Neue Guajanolide ausEupatorium rotundifolium. Phytochemistry19: 1233.
——,H. Robinson andR. M. King. 1979. Ein neues Toxol-derivat ausAustrobrickellia patens. Phytochemistry18: 2055.
——,A. A. Natu, H. Czerson andA. Suwita. 1977. Über Weitere α-Longipinen Derivat aus Compositen. Chem. Ber.110: 3572.
-,and C. Zdero. 1970. New benzofuran derivatives fromDoronicum austriaeum Jacq. Tetrahedron Lett. 3575.
——. 1971. Prutenin, 4-angeloyloxy-pruteninon sowie 4-Acetoxy—pruteninon und Isopruteninon. Vier neue Sesquiterpenlactone ausLaserpitium prutenicum L. Chem. Ber.104: 1611.
-and -. 1972. Zwei neue Sesquiterpenlactone ausLidbeckia pectinata Berg undPentzia elegans DC. Tetrahedron Lett. 621.
——. 1974. Naturally-occurring terpene derivatives XXXII. New sesquiterpene lactones fromOsmitopsis asteriscoides. Chem. Ber.107: 1409.
——. 1974. Über neue Sesquiterpene der GattungSenecio. Chem. Ber.107: 2912.
——. 1975. Ein neues Sesquiterpenlactone ausMatricaria suffructicosa var.leptoloba. Chem. Ber.108: 437.
——. 1975. Über neue Inhaltsstoffe der GattungAnthemis. Chem. Ber.108: 1902.
——. 1976. Ein neues Sesquiterpenlacton ausDugesia mexicana Gray. Chem. Ber.109: 2651.
- and -. Über ein neues Diterpen ausMelampodium perfoliatum (Cav.). A. Gray. Chem. Ber.109: 1670.
——. 1976. Neue Furanoeremophilane aus MexikanischenSenecio- arten. Chem. Ber.109: 819.
——. 1977. Ein neues Guajanolid ausMatricaria zuurbergensis. Phytochemistry16: 136.
——. 1977. Über Inhaltsstoffe der Tribus Mutisieae. Phytochemistry16: 239.
——. 1977. Ein neues Germacranolid ausSimsia dombeyana. Phytochemistry16: 776.
——. 1977. Inhaltsstoffe aus Vernonia-arten. Phytochemistry16: 778.
——. 1977. New germacrolides fromCalea zacatechichi. Phytochemistry16: 1065.
——. 1977. Neue Sesquiterpenlactone und Thymol-derivat ausInula- arten. Phytochemistry16: 1243.
——. 1977. Ein neues Clerodan-derivat sowie Weitere Inhaltsstoffe aus der GattungMacowania. Phytochemistry16: 1583.
——. 1977. Neue Germacranolide ausPlatycarpha glomerata. Phytochemistry16: 1832.
——. 1978. Inhaltsstoffe Sudamerikanischer Senecio-arten. Phytochemistry17: 134.
——. 1978. New norsesquiterpenes fromSenecio digitalifolius. Phytochemistry17: 759.
——. 1978. Neue Furanoeremophilane und andere Sesquiterpene aus Vertreten der GattungEuryops. Phytochemistry17: 1135.
——. 1978. New furanoeremophilanes from South AfricanSenecio species. Phytochemistry17: 1161.
——. 1978. New sesquiterpenes and acetylenes fromAthanasia andPentzia species. Phytochemistry17: 1595.
——. 1978. Neue Guajanolide aus Lasthenia-arten. Phytochemistry17: 2032.
——. 1979. Neue Germacranolide und andere Inhaltsstoffe aus Vertretern der Subtribus Gochnatiinae. Phytochemistry18: 95.
——. 1979. Neue Sesquiterpene mit anomalen Kohlenstoffgerüst aus der Tribus Mutisieae. Chem. Ber.112: 427.
——. 1979. Über eine neue Gruppe von Sesquiterpenlactonen aus der GattungTrixis. Chem. Ber.112: 435.
——. 1979. Neue C10-säureamide, Furanoeremophilane und andere Inhaltsstoffe aus Bolivianischen Senecio-arten. Phytochemistry18: 125.
——. 1979. Ein neues Germacren-derivat ausIva xanthifolia. Phytochemistry18: 1892.
——. 1979. Neue Eudesmanolide ausGazania krebsiana. Phytochemistry18: 332.
——. 1979. Ein neues Furanoeremophilan-derivat ausGynoxys psilophylla. Phytochemistry18: 339.
——. 1979. 3β-isovaleryloxycostunolid, ein neues Germacranolid ausCotula hispida. Phytochemistry18: 336.
——. 1979. Zwei neue Eudesman-derivat ausIva annua. Phytochemistry18: 2034.
——. 1980. Neue Sesquiterpenlactone und Nerolidol-derivat ausUr- sinia-arten. Phytochemistry19: 587.
——,D. Berger, A. Suwita, P. Mahanta andC. Jeffrey. 1979. Neue Furanoeremophilane und Weitere Inhaltsstoffe aus Südafrikanischen Senecio-arten. Phytochemistry18: 79.
—— andM. Grenz. 1974. Neue Sesquiterpene der GattungOthonna. Chem. Ber.107: 3928.
———. 1974. Über die Inhaltsstoffe der GattungEuryops. Chem. Ber.107: 2730.
———. 1977. Weitere Inhaltsstoffe aus SudafrikanischenSene- cio-arten. Chem. Ber.110: 474.
——R. M. King andH. Robinson. 1979. Neue Elemanolide und Guajanolide ausZinnia-arten. Phytochemistry18: 1343.
————. 1979. Weitere Isocedren-derivat ausTrixis paradoxa. Phytochemistry18: 855.
————. 1979. Neue Sesquiterpenlactone ausStokesia laevis. Phytochemistry18: 987.
————. 1980. Ein neues Germacran-8, 12-olid und neue Diterpene ausPolymnia canadensis. Phytochemistry19: 115.
————. 1980. New heliangolides fromConocliniopsis prasiifolia. Phytochemistry19: 1547.
————. 1980. New sesquiterpene lactones and other constituents fromFitchia speciosa. Phytochemistry19: 1141.
————. 1980. Seven guaianolides from the tribe Vernonieae. Phytochemistry19: 2669.
————. 1980. Sesquiterpene lactones fromEremanthus species. Phytochemistry19: 2663.
————. 1981. Two hirsutinolides and a germacranolide fromChresta sphaerocephala. Phytochemistry20: 518.
————. 1981. Germacranolides, a guaianolide with a β-Mactone ring and further constituents fromGrazielia species. Phytochemistry20: 1069.
—— andM. Lonitz. 1977. Neue Guajen-derivat ausParthenium hysterophorus und ein Weiteres Pseudoguajanolid ausAmbrosia cumanensis. Phytochemistry16: 575.
—— andP. K. Mahanta. 1977. Neue Eremophilan-derivat ausLopho- laena-arten. Phytochemistry16: 1769.
——J. Pickard, H. Robinson andR. M. King. 1981. New types of sesquiterpene lactones and other constituents fromTrichogonia species. Phytochemistry20: 1323.
——,H. Robinson andR. M. King. 1980. Caryophyllene derivatives and a heliangolide fromLychnophora species. Phytochemistry19: 2381.
———— 1980. Guaianolides fromAgrianthus pungens. Phytochemistry19: 1873.
————. 1980. A germacranolide fromMattfeldanthus nobilis. Phytochemistry19: 2473.
————. 1981. Germacranolides fromPiptolepis ericoides andVanillosmopsis species. Phytochemistry20: 731.
——R. Bohlmann, R. M. King andH. Robinson. 1980. Neue Sesquiterpene aus Liabum-arten. Phytochemistry19: 579.
— andJ. Ziesche. 1980. Neue Guajanolide und Acetylenverbindungen ausPti- lostemon-arten. Phytochemistry19: 692.
——. 1980. New sesquiterpenes fromSenecio species. Phytochemistry19: 1851.
——. 1980. Eremophilane derivatives fromSenecio species. Phytochemistry19: 2681.
——,R. M. King andH. Robinson. 1980. Neue Melampolide ausSmallanthus fructicosus. Phytochemistry19: 973.
————. 1981. Melampolides and other germacranolides fromBlainvillea dichotoma. Phytochemistry20: 263.
————. 1981. Eudesmanolides and diterpenes fromWedelia trilobata and an ent-kaurenic acid derivative fromAspilia parvifolia. Phytochemistry20: 751.
————. 1981. Eudesmanolides and other constituents fromDimerostemma asperatum. Phytochemistry20: 1335.
——H. Robinson andR. M. King. 1981. Seven germacranolides and four eudesmanolides fromTithonia rotundifolia. Phytochemistry20: 267.
————. 1981. A pseudoguaianolide and a hydroxygeranylnerol fromKingianthus paradoxus. Phytochemistry20: 1146.
—,P. Zitzkowski, A. Suwita andL. Fiedler. 1978. Cis-kolaveninsäure und Weitere Inhaltsstoffe aus Vertretern der Tribus Eupatorieae. Phytochemistry17: 2101.
Borges, J. M., T. Manresa, J. L. Martin, C. Pascual andP. Vázquez. 1978. Altamisin. A new sesquiterpene lactone fromAmbrosia cumanensis HBK. Tetrahedron Lett.17: 1513.
Borges del Castillo, J., M. T. M. Ferrero, J. L. M. Ramón, C. P. Rigau andP. Vásquez Bueno. 1979. Paulitin and isopaulitin, two new sesquiterpene lactones fromAmbrosia cumanensis HBK. Bol. Soc. Quím. Perú45: 53.
——,F. Rodriquez Luis andP. Vásquez Bueno. 1981. Salvadorean Compositae. II. Juanislamin and 2,3-epoxy-juanislamin, two new sesquiterpenic lactones fromCalea urticifolia. J. Nat. Prod.44: 348.
Bohm, B. A. 1978. Helenieae (sensu Bentham)—chemical review. Page 739in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 2. Academic Press, London.
Borsutzki, L. H. 1955. Chemistry ofArtemisia maritima. Arch. Pharm.288: 336; Chem. Abstr.51: 6941h (1957).
Breinlich, J. 1970. Active ene-yne substances in some pharmaceutically useful Compositae drugs, with special consideration toAchillea millefolium [Yarrow]. Pharm. Ztg.115: 1699, 1713; Chem. Abstr.74: 115833u (1971).
Büichi, G. andD. Rosenthal. 1956. The structures of helenalin and isohelenalin. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.78: 3860.
Burnett, W. C., S. B. Jones, T. J. Mabry andW. G. Padolina. 1974. Sesquiterpene lactones—insect feeding deterrents inVernonia. Biochem. System. Ecol.2: 25.
Cabrera, A. L. 1970. Mustisieae—Systematic review. Page 1039in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 2. Academic Press, London.
Calzada, J. G. andJ. F. Ciccio. 1978. Aislamiento de tirotundina a partir deTithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) Gray. Rev. Latinoamer. Quim.9: 202.
Castille, A. 1966. Pyrethol. An. Real Acad. Farm.32: 121; Chem. Abstr.66: 65658c (1967).
Cekan, Z., V. Herout andF. Sôrm. 1957. Die Struktur von Matricin, ein Guajanolid aus der Kamille (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun.22: 1921.
———. 1954. Isolation and properties of the prochamazulene fromMatricaria chamomilla L., a further compound of the guaianolide group. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.19: 798.
—,V. Prochazka, V. Herout andF. Sôrm. 1959. Isolation and constitution of matricarin, another guaianolide from camomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.24: 1554.
————. 1960. Isolation of globicin, a guaianolide fromMatricaria globifera (Thunb.) Druce. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.25: 2553.
Chien, M. K., C. H. Chen andK. F. Tseng. 1963. The constituents of Yejuhua, the flower ofChrysanthemum indicum. Yao Hsueh Pao10: 129; Chem. Abstr.59: 15326b (1963).
Chikamatsu, H. andW. Herz. 1973. Ivalbatin, a new xanthanolide fromIva dealbata. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)38: 585.
Chugunov, P. V., D. A. Pakaln andA. M. Shreter. 1970. Lactone fromInula germanica. Khim. Prir. Soedin.6: 478; English ed. p. 495; Chem. Abstr.74: 1052h (1971).
—,K. S. Rybalko andA. I. Shreter. 1971. The structure of the sesquiterpene lactone saupirin. Khim. Prir. Soedin.7: 727; English ed. p. 706; Chem. Abstr. 76: 127168k (1972).
—,V. I. Sheichenko, A. I. Ban’kovskii andK. S. Rybalko. 1971. The structure of britannin. A sesquiterpene lactone fromInula britannica. Khim. Prir. Soedin.7: 276; Chem. Abstr.75: 110438e (1971).
Ciccio, J. F. and J. G. Calzada. 1978. Glabberin, a new heliangolide fromEupatorium glaberrimum. Abstract, Book V. International symposium for the chemistry of natural products. Monterrey, Mexico, April 26–29.
——. 1981. Haagenolide, the major sesquiterpene lactone ofBaltimora recta. Phytochemistry20: 517.
Clemo, G. R. and W. Cocker. 1946. The constitution of ψ-santonin. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 30.
Corbella, A., P. Gariboldi, G. Jommi, Z. Samek, M. Holub and B. Drozdz. 1972. Absolute stereochemistry of cynaropicrin and related guaianolides. Chem. Commun. 386.
———, andG. Ferrari. 1974. Structure and absolute stereochemistry of vanillosmin, a guaianolide fromVanillosmopsis erythropappa. Phytochemistry13: 459.
Correa, J. andJ. Romo. 1966. The constituents ofCacalia decomposita A. Gray. Tetrahedron22: 685.
Cowall, P. L., J. M. Cassady, C. Chang andJ. F. Kozlowski. 1981. Isolation and structure determination of piptocarphins A-F, cytotoxic germacranolide lactones fromPiptocarpha chontalensis. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)46: 1108.
Cronquist, A. 1955. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Compositae. Amer. Midl. Naturalist53: 478.
—. 1977. The Compositae revisited. Brittonia29: 137.
—. 1980. Chemistry in plant taxonomy: an assessment of where we stand. Page 1in F. A. Bisby, J. G. Vaughn and C. A. Wright (eds.). Chemosystematics: Principles and practice. Academic Press, London and New York.
Dauben, W. G., W. K. Hayes, J. S. P. Schwarz andJ. W. McFarland. 1960. The stereochemistry of ψ-santonin. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.82: 2232.
—,J. S. P. Schwarz, W. K. Hayes andP. D. Hance. 1960. The structures of two new sesquiterpene lactones fromArtemisia. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.82: 2239.
Davis, P. H. andV. H. Heywood. 1963. Principles of angiosperm taxonomy. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., Princeton and New York.
De Kock, W. T., K. G. R. Pachler, W. F. Ross, P. L. Wessels andI. C. duPreez. 1968. Griesenin and dihydrogriesenin, two new sesquiterpenoid lactones fromGeigeria africana Gries. I. Structures. Tetrahedron24: 6037.
——. 1968. Gafrinin, a sesquiterpenoid lactone fromGeigeria africana Gries. II. Conformation. Tetrahedron24: 1701.
—— andP. L. Wessels. 1968. Griesenin and dihydrogriesenin, two new sesquiterpenoid lactones fromGeigeria africana Gries. III. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies and conformation. Tetrahedron24: 6045.Chem. Abstr.69: 96888u (1968).
DeSilva, L. B. andT. A. Geissman. 1969. Sesquiterpene lactone, psilotropin fromPsilostrophe cooperi. Phytochemistry9: 59.
Deuel, P. G. andT. A. Geissman. 1959. Xanthinin. II. The structures of xanthinin and xanthatin. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.79: 3778.
De Villiers, J. 1961. The isolation and structure of gafrinin, a sesquiterpenoid lactone fromGeigeria africana. J. Chem. Soc. (London)2049.
Dittrich, M. 1978. Cynareae—systematic review. Page 999in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 2. Academic Press, London.
Dolejs, L. andV. Herout. 1962. Constitution of eupatoriopicrin, a germacranolide fromEupatorium cannabinum L. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm27: 2654.
—,M. Soucek, M. Horak, V. Herout andF. Sôrm. 1958. The structure of lactucin. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.23: 2195.
Domínguez, X. A. 1978. Eupatorieae—Chemical review. Page 487in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 1. Academic Press, London.
—,D. Butruille etAquilino andY. Aubad. 1970. La neoleonine: un nouveau pseudoguaianolide. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.1: 136.
— andE. Cárdenas. 1975. Achillin and deacetylmatricarin from twoArtemisia species. Phytochemistry14: 2511.
—,R. Franco, F. Bohlmann andR. Bohlmann. 1980. A pseudoguaianolide fromHymenoxys linearifolia. Phytochemistry19: 2204.
-,M. Gutiérrez and R. Aragón. 1976. Isolation of baileyolin, a tumor-inhibitory and antibiotic sesquiterpene lactone fromBaileya multiradiata. Pl. Med. 356; Chem. Abstr.86: 86150j (1977).
—,F. M. Pérez andL. Leyter. 1971. Xanthinin and β-sitosterol fromXanthium orientale. Phytochemistry10: 2828.
—,R. Villarreal, R. Franco andF. Bohlmann. 1981. A melampolide fromMelampodium heterophyllum. Phytochemistry20: 1431.
Domínguez, E. andJ. Romo. 1963. Mexicanin I. A new sesquiterpene lactone related to tenulin. Tetrahedron19: 1415.
Doskotch, R. W. andF. S. El-Feraly. 1970. The structure of tulipinolide and epitulipinolide, cytotoxic sesquiterpenes fromLiriodendron tulipifera L. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)35: 1928.
——. 1969. Isolation and characterization of (+)-sesamin and β-cyclopyrethrosin from pyrethrum flowers. Canad. J. Chem.47: 1139.
—— andC. D. Hufford. 1971. Sesquiterpene lactones from pyrethrum flowers. Canad. J. Chem.49: 2103.
Drozdz, B. 1966. Isolation of cnicin from the herbs ofCentaurea diffusa Lam. Dissertation Pharm. et Pharmacol. (Poland)18: 281.
——. 1967. The occurrence of cnicin in the herbs ofCentaurea calcitrapa L.,C. iberica Trev., andC. ovina Pal. Dissertation Pharm. et Pharmacol. (Poland)19: 223.
——. 1968. Bitter sesquiterpene lactones in species of the tribe Cynareae. Dissertation Pharm. et Pharmacol. (Poland)20: 93.
—,H. Grabarczyk, Z. Samek, M. Holub, V. Herout andF. Sôrm. 1972. Sesquiterpenic lactones fromEupatorium cannabinum L. Revision of the structure of eupatoriopicrin. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.37: 1546.
——,M. Holub, Z. Samek, V. Herout andF. Sôrm. 1968. The constitution and absolute configuration of onopordopicrine, a sesquiterpenic lactone fromOnopordon acanthium L. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.33: 1730.
—,Z. Samek, M. Holub andV. Herout. 1973. The structure of alatolide, a sesquiterpenic lactone fromJurinea alata Cass. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.38: 727.
See Reference No. 232, Literature Cited.
Dullforce, T. A., G. A. Sim, D. N. J. White, J. E. Kelsey and S. M. Kupchan. 1969. The stereochemistry of gaillardin. Tetrahedron Lett. 973.
Ehrendorfer, F. 1964. Notizen zur Cytotaxonomie und Evolution der GattungArtemisia. Oesterr. Bot. Z.3: 84.
El-Emary, N. A. andF. Bohlmann. 1980. Zwei neue Germacranolide ausArtemisia argentea. Phytochemistry19: 845.
Ellison, W. L. 1964. A systematic study of the genusBahia (Compositae). Rhodora66: 177; 281.
Elsohly, M. A., J. C. Craig, C. E. Turner andA. S. Sharma. 1977. Constituents ofHelenium amarum. II. Isolation and characterization of heleniamarin and other constituents. Lloydia40: 609.
Erdtman, H. 1968. The assessment of biochemical techniques in plant taxonomy,in J. G. Hawkes (ed.). Chemotaxonomy and serotaxonomy. Academic Press, London.
—. 1973. Molecular taxonomy. Page 327in L. P. Miller (ed.). Phytochemistry. Vol. 3. Van Nostrand, Reinhold Co., New York.
Evstratova, R. I., E. Y. Kiseleva, V. I. Sheichenko andK. S. Rybalko. 1971. The structure of acroptilin—a sesquiterpene lactone fromAcroptilon repens. Khim. Prir. Soedin.7: 272; English ed. p. 262; Chem. Abstr.75: 110451d (1971).
—,K. S. Rybalko andR. Y. Rzazade. 1967. Acroptilin—a new sesquiterpene lactone fromAcroptilon repens. Khim. Prir. Soedin.3: 284; English ed. p. 239; Chem. Abstr.68: 3005v (1968).
—,V. I. Sheichenko andK. S. Rybalko. 1974. Sesquiterpene lactones fromInula japonica. Khim. Prir. Soedin.10: 730; English ed. p. 752.
——— andA. I. Ban’kovskii. 1969. Structure of arnifoline, a sesquiterpene lactone fromArnica foliosa andArnica montana. Khim. Farm. Zh.3: 39; Chem. Abstr.72: 32047y. (1970).
——,A. I. Ban’kovskii andK. S. Rybalko. 1969. Structure of erivanin. Khim. Prir. Soedin.5: 239; Chem. Abstr.72: 32051v (1970).
—— andK. S. Rybalko. 1973. The structure of acroptilin, a sesquiterpene lactone fromAcroptilon repens. Khim. Prir. Soedin.9: 161; English ed. p. 156; Chem. Abstr.79: 5466x (1973).
—, andA. M. Sinyukhin. 1971. Ketopelenolide B fromArtemisia anethifolia. Khim. Prir. Soedin.7: 839; English ed. p. 819.
Farkas, L., M. Nogradi, V. Sudarsanam andW. Herz. 1967. Isolation, structure proof and synthesis of acerosin fromIva acerosa (Nutt.) Jackson. Tetrahedron23: 3557.
————. 1966. Constituents ofIva species. V. Isolation, structure and synthesis of nevadensin, a new flavone fromIva nevadensis M. E. Jones andIva acerosa (Nutt.) Jackson. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)31: 3228.
Ferreira, Z. S., N. F. Rogue, O. R. Gottlieb, F. Oliveira andH. E. Gottlieb. 1980. Structural clarification of germacranolides fromCalea species. Phytochemistry19: 1481.
Fischer, N. H. 1978. On the biogenesis of pseudoguaianolides. Rev. Latinoamer. Quim.9: 41.
-,and T. J. Mabry. 1967. The structure of tamaulipin-B, a new germacranolide and the thermal conversion of a trans-1,2-divinylcyclohexane derivative into a cyclodeca-l,5-diene system. Chem. Commun. 1235.
——. 1967. New pseudoguaianolides fromAmbrosia confertiflora DC. (Compositae). Tetrahedron23: 2529.
—— andH. B. Kagan. 1968. The structure of tamaulipin A. A new germacranolide fromAmbrosia confertiflora DC. (Compositae). Tetrahedron24: 4091.
—,E. J. Olivier andH. D. Fischer. 1979. The biogenesis and chemistry of sesquiterpene lactones. Page 48in W. Herz, H. Grisebach and G. W. Kirby (eds.). Progress in the chemistry of organic natural products. Springer-Verlag, New York.
—,F. C. Seaman, R. A. Wiley andK. D. Haegele. 1978. Melcanthin A, B and C, three newcis- 1(10),cis- 4,5-germacranolides fromMelampodium leucanthum (Heliantheae, Compositae). J. Organ. Chem. (USA)43: 4984.
—,R. A. Wiley, D. L. Perry andK. D. Haegele. 1976. Melampodinin, leucanthinin and melampolidin, three new melampolides fromMelampodium (Compositae). J. Organ. Chem. (USA)41: 3956.
——,H. N. Lin, K. Karimian andS. M. Politz. 1975. New melampolide sesquiterpene lactones fromMelampodium leucanthum. Phytochemistry14: 2241.
-, -and J. D. Wander. 1972. Melampodin, a new germacranolide fromMelampodium leucanthum Torr. and Gray var.leucanthum (Compositae). Chem. Commun.137.
Funk, V. A. 1981. The systematics ofMontanoa Cerv. (Asteraceae, Heliantheae). Doctoral Thesis. Ohio State Univ.
Furukawa, H., K. H. Lee, T. Shingu, R. Meck andC. Piantadosi. 1973. Carolenin and carolenalin, two new guaianolides inHelenium autumnale L. from North Carolina. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)38: 1722.
Gabe, E. J., S. Neidle, D. Rogers and C. E. Nordman. 1971. X-ray determination of the molecular structure of a 3-O-chloro-phenylisoxazoline derivative of pyrethrosin. Chem. Commun. 559.
Geissman, T. A. 1970. Sesquiterpene lactones ofArtemisia—A. verlotorum andA. vulgaris. Phytochemistry9: 2377.
—. 1966. Sesquiterpenoid lactones ofArtemisia species. I.Artemisia princeps Pamp. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)31: 2523.
—. 1973. The biogenesis of sesquiterpene lactones of the Compositae. Page 65in V. C. Runeckles and T. J. Mabry (eds.). Terpenoids: Structure, biogenesis and distribution. Recent advances in phytochemistry. Vol. 6. Academic Press, New York.
— andS. Atala. 1971. Distribution of eupatoriopicrin in Compositae. Phytochemistry10: 1075.
— andD. H. G. Crout. 1969. Organic chemistry of secondary plant metabolism. Freeman, Cooper & Co., San Francisco.
— andG. A. Ellestad. 1962. Vulgarin, a sesquiterpene lactone fromArtemisia vulgaris L. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)27: 1855.
— andT. S. Griffin. 1972. Sesquiterpene lactones ofArtemisia carruthii. Phytochemistry11: 833.
——. 1971. Sesquiterpene lactones. Tomentosin fromMontanoa tomentosa Cerv. Rev. Latinoamer. Quim.2: 81.
—— andM. A. Irwin. 1969. Sesquiterpene lactones ofArtemisia. Artecalin fromA. californica andA. tripartita ssp.rupicola. Phytochemistry8: 1297.
——,T. G. Waddell andH. H. Chen. 1969. Some new constituents ofAmbrosia species.A. psilostachya andA. acanthicarpa. Phytochemistry8: 145.
— andM. A. Irwin. 1970. Chemical contributions to taxonomy and phylogeny in the genusArtemisia. Pure Appl. Chem.21: 167.
——. 1973. Chemical constitution and botanical affinity inArtemisia. Page 135in G. Bendz and J. Santesson (eds.). Chemistry in botanical classification. Nobel Symp. 25. Academic Press, New York.
— andK. H. Lee. 1971. Sesquiterpene lactones ofArtemisia: Artemorin and dehydroartemorin (anhydroverlotorin). Phytochemistry10: 419.
——. 1971. Sesquiterpene lactones ofArtemisia verlotorum. Phytochemistry10: 663.
— andJ. Levy. 1967. Chamissonin fromAmbrosia acanthicarpa Hook. Phytochemistry6: 899.
—,A. J. Lucas, T. Saitoh andW. W. Payne. 1973. Sesquiterpene lactones ofAmbrosia chamissonis. Biochem. Syst.1: 13; Chem. Abstr.78: 145204q (1973).
— andS. Matsueda. 1968. Constituents of diploid and polyploidAmbrosia dumosa Gray. Phytochemistry7: 1613.
— andR. Murkherjee. 1968. Sesquiterpene lactones ofEncelia farinosa Gray. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)33: 656.
— andT. Saitoh. 1972. Ludalbin, a new lactone fromArtemisia ludoviciana. Phytochemistry11: 1157.
—,T. Stewart andM. A. Irwin. 1967. Sesquiterpene lactones ofArtemisia species II.Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp.tridentata. Phytochemistry6: 901.
— andF. P. Toribio. 1967. Constituents ofHymenoclea salsola T. and G. Phytochemistry6: 1563.
—,R. J. Turley andS. Murayama. 1966. Chamissonin, a germacranolide from anAmbrosia species. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)31: 2269.
-,and T. E. Winters. 1968. The structure of artabsin. Tetrahedron Lett. 3145.
Giannasi, D. E. 1979. Systematic aspects of flavonoid biosynthesis and evolution. Bot. Rev.44: 399.
Gill, S., W. Dembinska-Migas, E. Sliwinska, W. M. Daniewski andF. Bohlmann. 1980. Pseudoguaianolides fromGaillardia grandiflora. Phytochemistry19: 2049.
Giordano, O. S., E. Guerreiro, J. Romo andM. Jiménez. 1975. Tessaric acid, a component ofTessaria absinthioides. Rev. Latinoam. Quím.6: 131.
Gnecco, S., J. P. Poyser, M. Silva, P. G. Sammes andT. W. Tyler. 1973. Sesquiterpene lactones fromPodanthus ovatifolius. Phytochemistry12: 2469.
Gomes, C. M. R. andO. R. Gottlieb. 1980. Alkaloid evolution and angiosperm systematics. Biochem. System. Ecol.8: 81.
González, M. P., P. J. Nathan andJ. Romo. 1971. Chemistry and spectrometry of cacalone. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.2: 5; Chem. Abstr.76: 43984k (1972).
González González, A. 1978. Lactuceae—chemical review. Page 1081in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 2. Academic Press, London.
—,J. M. Arteaga, J. Bermejo Barrera andJ. L. Bretón Funes. 1971. Melitensin, a new sesquiterpene lactone fromCentaurea melitensis. An. Quim.67: 1243; Chem. Abstr.77: 34722s (1972).
—— andJ. L. Bretón Funes. 1973. Germacranolides fromCentaurea seridis. Phytochemistry12: 2997.
———. 1974. Structure and partial synthesis of melitensin. An. Quim.70: 158; Chem. Abstr.81: 78104d (1974).
———. 1975. Constituents of the Compositae. 27. Elemanolides fromCentaurea melitensis. Phytochemistry14: 2039.
—,J. Bermejo, J. M. Amaro, G. M. Massanet, A. Galindo andI. Cabrera. 1978. Sesquiterpene lactones fromCentaurea linifolia Vahl. Canad. J. Chem.56: 491.
——,J. L. Bretón Funes andM. Fajardo. 1973. Compounds from plants of the Canary Islands. Sesquiterpene lactonesof Artemisia canariensis. An. Quím.69: 667; Chem. Abstr.79: 92415w (1973).
———,M. Massanet, B. Domínguez andJ. M. Amaro. 1976. Absolute configuration of the sesquiterpene lactones centaurepensin (chlorohyssopifolin A), acroptilin (chlorohyssopifolin C) and repin. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans.I: 1663.
———,G. M. Massanet andJ. Triana. 1974. Chlorohyssopifolin C, D, E and vahlenin, four new sesquiterpene lactones fromCentaurea hyssopifolia. Phytochemistry13: 1193.
-,-,-, andJ. Triana. 1972. Chlorohyssopifolin A and B, two new sesquiterpene lactones isolated fromCentaurea hyssopifolia Vahl. Tetrahedron Lett. 2017.
——,I. Cabrera, A. Galindo andG. M. Massanet. 1977. Principios activos de laCentaurea janeri Graells. An. Quím.73: 86.
—— andG. M. Massanet. 1974. 11,13-Dehydromelitensin and chlorohyssopifolin A, sesquiterpene lactones isolated fromCentaurea pullata andnigra. An. Quím.70: 74; Chem Abstr.80: 130489d (1974).
————H. Mansilla andA. Galindo. 1978. Two sesquiterpene lactones fromCentaurea canariensis. Phytochemistry17: 955.
-, -, -,A. D. Dela Rosa and G. M. Massanet. 1976. Sesquiterpene lactones fromArtemisia lanata Willd. An. Quím. 695; Chem. Abstr.86: 72910v (1977).
——,H. Mansilla, A. Galindo, J. M. Amaro andG. M. Massanet. 1978. Structure and absolute configuration of gallicin, a new germacranolide fromArtemisia. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans.1: 1243.
——,G. M. Massanet, J. M. Amaro, B. Domínguez andA. Morales. 1976. Hypochaerin: A new sesquiterpene lactone fromHypochaeris setosus. Phytochemistry15: 991.
——— andJ. Pérez. 1973. Muricatin, a new sesquiterpene lactone isolated fromAmberboa muricata. An. Quim.69: 1333; Chem. Abstr.81: 4086c (1974).
——— andJ. Triana. 1974. Picridin and dihydropicridin, revised structures. Phytochemistry13: 611.
——, andR. M. Rodríquez. 1972. Dihydroestafietone isolated fromCentaurea webbiana. An. Quím.68: 333; Chem. Abstr.77: 123813q (1972).
-,J. L. Bretón Funes and B. García Marrero. 1973. Lipidiol. Page 341 in ref. 947.
——, andJ. Stockel. 1974. Sesquiterpenic lactones fromArtemisia granatensis. An. Quím.70: 231; Chem. Abstr.81: 117045h (1974).
—,R. Estévez Reyes andJ. Herrera Velázquez. 1975. Sesquiterpene lactones and coumarins ofArtemisia ramosa. An. Quím.71: 437; Chem. Abstr.83: 128692h (1975).
—,B. García Marrero andJ. L. Bretón Funes. 1970. Structure of grosshemin, lipidiol and isolipidiol. Lactones ofAmberboa lipii and their stereochemistry. An. Quím.66: 799; Chem. Abstr.74: 64315s (1971).
See Reference No. 55, Literature Cited.
Govindachari, T. R., B. S. Joshi andV. N. Kamat. 1965. Structure of parthenolide. Tetrahedron21: 1509.
—,A. R. Sidhaye andN. Viswanathan. 1970. Deoxyelephantopin, a new sesquiterpene fromElephantopus scaber. Indian J. Chem.8: 762.
——— andH. Fuehrer. 1972. Isodeoxyelephantopin, a new germacranediolide fromElephantopus scaber. Indian J. Chem.10: 272.
Grabarczyk, H. 1973. The search for sesquiterpene lactones in the species of generaUrsinia, Venidium andArctotis. Pol. J. Pharmacol. Pharm.25: 469; Chem. Abstr.80: 45661j (1974).
—,B. Drozdz andA. Mozdzanowska. 1973. Lactones in aerial parts ofTanacetum vulgare L. Pol. J. Pharmacol. Pharm.25: 95; Chem. Abstr.78: 156612 × (1973).
— andB. Makowska. 1975. New sesquiterpene lactones from the herb ofVenidium hirsutum. Pol. J. Pharmacol. Pharm.27: 107; Chem. Abstr.83: 4995q (1975).
— andM. Makowska. 1973. Isolation of grosheimin from the herb ofVenidium decurrens Less. Pol. J. Pharmacol. Pharm.25: 477; Chem. Abstr.80: 45662k (1974).
Grant, V. 1957. The plant species in theory and practice.In E. Mayr (ed.). The species problem. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Washington, D.C.
—. 1971. Plant speciation. Columbia University Press, New York and London.
Greger, H. 1978. Anthemideae—chemical review. Page 899in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 2. Academic Press, London.
Grieco, P. A., T. Oguri, S. Burke, E. Rodríquez, G. T. DeTitta andS. Fortier. 1978. Structure, absolute configuration and synthesis of stramonin-B, a new cytotoxic pseudoguaianolide. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)43: 4552.
Guerrero, C., E. Díaz, M. Martínez, J. Taboada, S. Miranda Plata, M. González Diddi andJ. Téllez. 1977. Determination of the structure of euparhombin and its cytotoxic activity in two cellular lines. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.8: 123.
—,A. Iriarte, E. Diaz, J. Taboada, M. González Diddi andJ. Téllez. 1975. Determinación de la estructura y estereoquímica de la elemenolida verafinina C, aislamiento de la verafinina B, dos substancias citotóxicas aisladas deVerbesina aff.coahuilensis. Rev. Latinoamer. Quim.6: 119.
—,M. Martínez, E. Díaz andA. Romo de Vivar. 1975. Estructura y esteroquímica de la verafinina, una nueva elemenolida aislada deVerbesina aff.coahuilensis Gray. Rev. Latinoamer. Quim.6: 53.
—,A. Ortega, E. Díaz andA. Romo de Vivar. 1973. Estructura de la viguiestenina y de la desacetil viguiestenina. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.4: 118.
—,M. Santana andJ. Romo. 1976. Estudio quimico de laViguiera augustifolia (HBK.) Blake. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.7: 41.
Güren, K. C., A. Ulubelen andS. Öksüz. 1972. Compositae. Santonin fromArtemisia fragrans. Phytochemistry11: 3542.
Habib, A. A. M. andA. M. Metwally. 1973. New sesquiterpene keto lactones fromSenecio. Pl. Med.23: 88; Chem. Abstr.78: 156620y 1973.
Haddad, D. Y. andS. M. Khafagy. 1962. A study ofAchillea santolina. Isolation of two crystalline principles: Santolin and santolinol. Bull. Chem. Farm.101: 606.
—— andL. El-Fatatry. 1960.Achillea santolina. Isolation of two crystalline principles, santolin and santolinol. J. Pharm. Sci. U.A.R.1: 1, 75; Chem. Abstr.56: 10277g (1962).
Halim, A. F., A. M. Zaghloul andF. Bohlmann. 1980. A further guaianolide fromArctotis grandis. Phytochemistry19: 2767.
Hall, H. M. and F. E. Clements. 1923. The phylogenetic method in taxonomy. The North American speciesof Artemisia, Chrysothamnus andAtriplex. Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 326.
Hall, I. H., K. H. Lee, E. C. Mar, C. O. Starnes andT. G. Waddell. 1977. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones. J. Medicin. Chem.20: 333.
Hansel, R., M. Kartarahardja, J-T. Huang andF. Bohlmann. 1980. Sesquiterpenlacton-β-D-glucopyranoside sowie ein neues Eudesmanolid ausTaraxacum officinale. Phytochemistry19: 857.
Harborne, J. B. 1978. Inuleae—chemical review. Page 603in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 1. Academic Press, London.
—. 1979. Flavonoid pigments. Page 619in G. A. Rosenthal and D. H. Janzen (eds.). Herbivores: Their interaction with secondary plant metabolites. Academic Press, New York.
— andC. A. Williams. 1978. Vernonieae—chemical review. Page 523in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 1. Academic Press, London.
Harley-Mason, J., A. T. Hewson, O. Kennard and R. C. Pettersen. 1972. Isolation of centaurepensin, a guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone ester containing two chlorine atoms; determination of structure and absolute configuration by X-ray crystallography. Chem. Commun. 460.
Harmatha, J., Z. Samek, L. Novotny, V. Herout andF. Sôrm. 1969. Terpenes CXC. The structure of adenostylone, isoadenostylone, and neoadenostylone, components ofAdenostyles alliariae rhizomes. Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm.34: 1739; Chem. Abstr.71: 39210j (1969).
——,M. Synackova, L. Novotny, V. Herout andF. Sôrm. 1976. Neutral components of the extract fromHomogyne alpina (L.) Cass. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.41: 2047.
Hausen, B. M., K. H. Schulz, O. Jarchow, K. H. Klaska andH. Schmalle. 1975. First allergenic sesquiterpene lactone fromChrysanthemum indicum. Arteglasin-A. Naturwissenschaften62: 585; Chem. Abstr.84: 57278k (1976).
Hayashi, K., H. Nakamura andH. Mitsuhashi. 1973. Sesquiterpenes fromCacalia hastata. Phytochemistry12: 2931.
Hegnauer, R. 1963. The taxonomic significance of alkaloids. Page 389in J. B. Harborne (ed.). Chemical plant taxonomy. Academic Press, New York.
—. 1969. Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen. Band 1–5. Birkhaüser Verlag, Basel.
Hernández, R., A. Sandoval, A. Setzer andJ. Romo. 1968. Chemical study ofHelenium quadridentata. Bol. Inst. Quím. Univ. Nac. Autón. México20: 81.
Herout, V. 1970. Chemotaxonomy of the family Compositae (Asteraceae).In H. Wagner and L. Hörhammer (eds.). Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry. Wien. Springer. 1971. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. Int. Congr. 1st., 93 (Publ. 1971).
— andF. Sôrm. 1953. On the components of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) and the isolation of a crystalline pro-chamazulenogen. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.18: 854.
——. 1954. Contribution to the constitution of pro-chamazulenogen, the natural precursor of chamazulene inArtemisia absinthium L. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.19: 792.
—,M. Suchy andF. Sôrm. 1961. Isolation and structure of costunolide, balchanolide, isobalchanolide and hydroxybalchanolide, sesquiterpenic lactones of germacrane type fromArtemisia balchanorum H. Krasch. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.26: 2612.
Herz, W. 1968. Pseudoguaianolides in Compositae. Page 229in T. J. Mabry, R. E. Alston and V. C. Runeckles (eds.). Recent advances in phytochemistry, Vol. 1. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York.
—. 1973. Pseudoguaianolides in Compositae. Page 153 in Chemistry in botanical classification (Nobel Foundation, Stockholm). Nobel Symposium 25, Academic Press, New York.
—. 1962. Constituents ofHelenium species XII. Sesquiterpene lactones of some southwestern species. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)27: 4043.
—. 1977. Biogenetic aspects of sesquiterpene lactone chemistry. Israel J. Chem.16: 32.
—. 1978. Astereae—chemical review. Page 567in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 1. Academic Press, London.
—. 1978. Sesquiterpene lactones in the Compositae. Page 337in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 1. Academic Press, London.
—,G. Anderson, S. Gibaja andD. Raulais. 1969. Sesquiterpene lactones of someAmbrosia species. Phytochemistry8: 877.
—,K. Aota andA. Hall. 1970. New pseudoguaianolides fromHymenoxys species. A new type of lactone closure. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)35: 4117.
——A. L. Hall andA. Srinivasan. 1974. Antileukemic pseudoguaianolides fromHymenoxys grandiflora (T. & G.) Parker. Application of lanthanide-induced shifts to structure determination. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)39: 2013.
——,M. Holub andZ. Samek. 1970. Sesquiterpene lactones and lactone glycosides fromHymenoxys species. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)35: 2611.
— andS. V. Bhat. 1972. Woodhousin, a new germacranolide fromBahia woodhousei (Gray) Gray. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)37: 906.
—. 1970. Isolation and structure of two new germacranolides fromPolymnia uvedalia (L.) L. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)35: 2605.
——. 1973. Maculatin: An isomer of uvedalin epoxide fromPolymnia maculata. Phytochemistry12: 1737.
——,H. Crawford, H. Wagner, G. Maurer andL. Farkas. 1972. Bahifolin, a new sesquiterpene lactone, and 5,7-dihydroxy-3,3’,4’,6-tetramethoxyflavone, a new flavone fromBahia oppositifolia. Phytochemistry11: 371.
—— andA. L. Hall. 1970. Parthemollin, a new xanthanolide fromParthenice mollis Gray. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)35: 1110.
—— andS. Poondi Santhanam. 1970. Coumarins ofArtemisia dracunculoides and 3’,6-dimethoxy-4’,5,7-trihydroxyflavone in A.arctica. Phytochemistry9: 891.
—— andA. Srinivasan. 1972. Berlandin and subacaulin, two new guaianolides fromBerlandiera subacaulis. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)37: 2532.
—— andV. Sudarsanam. 1972. Sesquiterpene lactones and flavones ofIva frutescens. Phytochemistry11: 1829.
—,H. Chikamatsu, N. Viswanthan andV. Sudarsanam. 1967. Structure of ivalbin, a modified guaianolide fromIva dealbata Gray. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)32: 682.
— andR. DeGroote. 1977. Desacetyleupaserrin and nevadensin fromHelianthus pumilus. Phytochemistry16: 1307.
——,R. Murari, N. Kumar andJ. F. Blount. 1979. Sesquiterpene lactones ofEupatorium serotinum. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)44: 2784.
——— andJ. F. Blount. 1978. Sesquiterpene lactones ofEupatorium recurvans. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)43: 3559.
—,C. M. Gast andP. S. Subramaniam. 1968. Sesquiterpene lactones ofHelenium alternifolium (Spreng.) Cabrera. Structures of brevilin A, linifolin A, and alternilin. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)33: 2780.
— andS. V. Govindan. 1980. Eucannabinolide and other constituents ofSchkuhria virgata. Phytochemistry19: 1234.
——,M. W. Bierner andJ. F. Blount. 1980. Sesquiterpene lactones ofHymenoxys insignis. X-ray analyses of hymenograndin and hymenosignin. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)45: 493.
—— andJ. F. Blount. 1980.trans, trans-Germacra-l(10),4-dien-cis-6,12olides fromMontanoa hibiscifolia. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)45: 1113.
———. 1980. Glycosidic disecoeudesmanolides and other secosesquiterpene lactones fromPicradeniopsis species. X-ray analysis of bahia I. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)45: 3163.
———. 1981. Structures of the rolandrolides and isorolandrolides, unusual germacradienolides fromRolandra fruticosa. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)46: 761.
——, andN. Kumar. 1981. Sesquiterpene lactones and other constituents ofEupatorium lancifolium andE. semiserratum. Phytochemistry20: 1343.
— andG. Högnauer. 1962. Ivalin, a new sesquiterpene lactone. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)27: 905.
——. 1961. Isolation and structure of coronopilin, a new sesquiterpene lactone. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)26: 5011.
—— andA. Romo de Vivar. 1964. Constituents ofIva species. III. Structure of microcephalin, a new sesquiterpene lactone. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)29: 1700.
— andS. Inayama. 1964. Constituents ofGaillardia species. II. Structures of pulchellin B and pulchellin C. Tetrahedron20: 341.
— andP. S. Kalyanaraman. 1975. Mikanokryptin inMelampodium divaricatum. Phytochemistry14: 1664.
——. 1975. Acanthospermal A and acanthospermal B, two new melampolides fromAcanthospermum species. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)40: 3486.
——,G. Ramakrishnan andJ. F. Blount. 1977. Sesquiterpene lactones ofEupatorium perfoliatum. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)42: 2264.
—,Y. Kishida andM. V. Lakshmikantham. 1964. Constituents ofHelenium species. XVI. Structures of flexuosin A and flexuosin B. Tetrahedron20: 979.
— andN. Kumar. 1979. Sesquiterpene lactones ofBaltimora recta. Phytochemistry18: 1743.
——. 1980. Guaianolides fromLiatris squarrosa. Phytochemistry19: 2387.
——. 1980. Sesquiterpene lactones ofCalea zacatechichi andC. urticifolia. Phytochemistry19: 593.
——. 1981. Heliangolides fromHelianthus maximiliani. Phytochemistry20: 93.
——. 1981. Sesquiterpene lactones fromHelianthus grosseserratus. Phytochemistry20: 99.
——. 1981. Minor sesquiterpene lactones ofHelianthus pumilus. Phytochemistry20: 1339.
—— andJ. F. Blount. 1980. A thiol-containing ester sidechain in a sesquiterpene lactone fromEupatorium mikanioides. Absolute configuration of desacetyleupasserin and its congeners. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)45: 489.
———. 1981. Antileukemic C-15 functionalized ambrosanolides fromRudbeckia mollis. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)46: 1356.
——,W. Vichnewski andJ. F. Blount. 1980. Cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones ofEremanthus incanus andHeterocoma albida. Crystal structure and stereochemistry of eregoyazin. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)45: 2503.
— andM. V. Lakshmikantham. 1965. Constituents ofHelenium species XVII. Sesquiterpene lactones ofHelenium thurberi Gray and the stereochemistry of bigelovin. Tetrahedron21: 1711.
—,R.B. Mitra, K. Rabindran andW. A. Ronde. 1959. Constituents ofHelenium species VII. Bitter principles ofH. pinnatifidum (Nutt.) Rydb.,H. vernale Walt.,H. brevifolium (Nutt.) A. Wood andH. flexuosum Raf. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.81: 1481.
——— andN. Viswanathan. 1962. Constituents ofHelenium species. XI. The structure of pinnatifidin. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)27: 4041.
-,M. Miyazaki and Y. Kishida. 1961. Structures of parthenin and ambrosin. Tetrahedron Lett. 82.
—,R. Murari andS. V. Govindan. 1979. Sesquiterpene lactonesof Eupatorium anomalum andEupatorium mohrii. Phytochemistry18: 1337.
—,J. Poplawski andR. P. Sharma. 1975. New guaianolides fromLiatris species. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)40: 199.
—,S. Rajappa, M. V. Lakshmikantham andJ. J. Schmid. 1966. Constituents ofGaillardia species III. The structure of gaillardilin, a new pseudoguaianolide. Tetrahedron22: 693.
——,S. K. Roy, J. J. Schmid andR. N. Mirrington. 1966. Constituents ofGaillardia species. IV. The sesquiterpene lactones ofGaillardia fastigiata Greene. Tetrahedron22: 1907.
——,M. V. Lakshmikantham, D. Raulais andJ. J. Schmid. 1967. Constituents ofGaillardia species. V. Isolation and structure of spathulin. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)32: 1042.
—,D. Raulais andG. D. Anderson. 1973. Sesquiterpene lactones ofAmbrosia cordifolia. Phytochemistry12: 1415.
—,W. A. Rohde, K. Rabindran, P. Jayaraman andN. Viswanathan. 1962. Revised structure of tenulin. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.84: 3857.
—,A. Romo de Vivar andM. V. Lakshmikantham. 1965. Structure of pseudoivalin, a new guaianolide. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)30: 118.
—,J. Romo andN. Viswanathan. 1963. Constituents ofHelenium species. XV. The structure of mexicanin C, relative stereochemistry of its congeners. Tetrahedron19: 1359.
————. 1963. Constituents ofHelenium species XIII. The structure of helenalin and mexicanin A. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.85: 19.
— andS. K. Roy. 1969. New pseudoguaianolides fromGaillardia pulchella. Phytochemistry8: 661.
— andP. S. Santhanam. 1967. Virginolide, a new guaianolide fromHelenium virginicum Blake. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)32: 507.
——. 1965. Arbiglovin. A new guaianolide fromArtemisia bigelovii Gray. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)30: 4340.
-, -,H. Wagner, R. Höer, L. Hörhammer and L. Farkas. 1969. Isolation, structure and synthesis of 4’,5,6,7-tetrahydroxy-3’-methoxyflavone (batatifolin), a new flavone fromMikania batatifolia DC. Tetrahedron Lett. 3419.
—, andR. P. Sharma. 1975. A trans-l,2-cis-4,5-germacradienolide and other new germacranolides fromTithonia species. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)40: 3118.
——. 1975. Complete stereochemistry of tenulin. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of tenulin derivatives. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)40: 2557.
——. 1975. New germacranolides fromLiatris species. Phytochemistry14: 1561.
——. 1975. Seco-germacradienolide fromLiatris pycnostachya. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)40: 392.
——. 1976. Pycnolide, a seco-germacradienolide fromLiatris pycnostachya and other antitumor constituents ofLiatris species. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)41: 1248.
——. 1976. Sesquiterpene lactones ofEupatorium hyssopifolium. A germacranolide with an unusual lipid ester side chain. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)41: 1015.
— andS. Srinivasan. 1974. Reexamination ofGaillardia amblyodon. Isolation of new pseudoguaianolides. Phytochemistry13: 1187.
——. 1972. Pseudoguaianolides ofGaillardia amblyodon. Phytochemistry11: 2093.
— andA. Srinivasan. 1974. Stereochemistry of spathulin. Phytochemistry13: 1171.
—— andP. S. Kalyanaraman. 1975. Mikanokryptin, a new guaianolide fromMikania. Phytochemistry14: 233.
— andP. S. Subramaniam. 1972. Pseudoguaianolides inHelenium autumnale from Pennsylvania. Phytochemistry11: 1101.
—— andN. Dennis. 1969. Solvent shift studies on pseudoguaianolides of the helenalin series. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)34: 3691.
—— andT. A. Geissman. 1968. 3-epiisotelekin fromGaillardia aristata Pursh. and the structure of farinosin. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)33: 3743.
—— andN. Dennis. 1969. Stereochemistry of flexuosin A and related compounds. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)34: 2915.
——,R. Murari, N. Dennis andJ. F. Blount. 1977. Microdilin, a complex elemenolide fromMikania cordifolia. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)42: 1720.
——,P. S. Santhanam, K. Aota andA. L. Hall. 1970. Structure elucidation of sesquiterpene dilactones fromMikania scandens (L.) Willd. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)35: 1453. Errata: J. Organ. Chem. (USA)38: 4217 (1973).
— andV. Sudarsanam. 1970. Flavones ofIva hayesiana. Phytochemistry9: 895.
—— andJ. J. Schmid. 1966. New guaianolides fromIva axillaris Pursh. ssp.robustior. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)31: 3232.
— andY. Sumi. 1964. Constituentsof Ambrosia hispida Pursh. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)29: 3438.
—,V. Sudarsanam andD. Raulais. 1967. Constituents ofIva species. X. Ivangulin, a novel seco-eudesmanolide fromIva angustifolia Nutt. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)32: 3658.
— andK. Ueda. 1961. The sesquiterpene lactones ofArtemisia tilesii Ledeb. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.83: 1139.
—— andS. Inayama. 1963. Constituents ofGaillardia species I. The structure of pulchellin. Tetrahedron19: 483.
— andN. Viswanathan. 1964. Constituents ofIva species. II. The structures of asperilin and ivasperin, two new sesquiterpene lactones. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)29: 1022.
— andI. Wahlberg. 1973. Provincialin, a cytotoxic germacradienolide fromLiatris provincialis Godfrey with an unusual ester side chain. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)38: 2485.
——. 1973. Punctatin: A new germacradienolide fromLiatris punctata. Phytochemistry12: 1421.
——C. S. Stevens andP. S. Kalyanaraman. 1975. Three new 5,10-epoxygermacranolides fromLiatris chapmanii andLiatris gracilis. Phytochemistry14: 1803.
—,H. Watanabe, M. Miyazaki andY. Kishida. 1962. The structures of parthenin and ambrosin. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.84: 2601.
Heywood, V. H. 1973. Role of chemistry in plant systematics. Pure Appl. Chem.34: 355; Chem. Abstr.79: 102687c (1973).
— andC. J. Humphries. 1978. Anthemideae—systematic review. Page 851in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 2. Academic Press, London.
Higo, A., Z. Hammam, B. N. Timmermann, H. Yoshioka, J. Lee, T. J. Mabry andW. W. Payne. 1971. Sesquiterpene lactones from the genusAmbrosia. Phytochemistry10: 2241.
Hikino, H., D. Kuwano andT. Takemoto. 1968. Structure ofHelenium lactone. Chem. Pharm. Bull. Japan16(8): 1601; Chem. Abstr.70: 20233b (1969).
Ho, C. M. andR. Toubiana. 1970. Lactones sesquiterpeniques. Determination de la position du cycle lactonique dans le vernolide et l’hydroxyvernolide. Tetrahedron26: 941.
Hochmannova, J., V. Herout andF. Sôrm. 1961. Isolation and structure of sesquiterpenic lactones from common yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.). Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.26: 1826.
—,L. Novotny andV. Herout. 1962. Sesquiterpenic hydrocarbons from coltsfoot rhizomes (Petasites officinalis Moench.). Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.27: 1870.
Hoeneisen, M., M. Sicva andF. Bohlmann. 1980. Sesquiterpene lactones ofPodanthus mitiqui. Phytochemistry19: 2765.
Hoffman, J. J., S. D. Jolad, S. J. Torrance, D. J. Luzbetak, R. M. Wiedhopf andJ. R. Cole. 1978. Odoratin and paucin: Cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones fromBaileya pauciradiata (Compositae). J. Pharm. Sci.67: 1633.
Holub, M. andV. Herout. 1962. Isolation of desacetoxymatricarin fromArtemisia leucodes Schrenk. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.27: 2980.
—,M. J. Poplawski, P. Sedmera andV. Herout. 1977. N-ethoxycarbonyl-Lprolinamide, a new alkaloid from the leaves ofArnica montana L. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.42: 151.
— andZ. Samek. 1977. Isolation and structure of 3-epinobilin, 1,10-epoxynobilin and 3-dehydronobilin—other sesquiterpenic lactones from the flowers ofAnthemis nobilis L. Revision of the structure of nobilin and eucannabinolide. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.42: 1053.
—— andJ. Toman. 1972. Carabrone fromArnica foliosa. Phytochemistry11: 2627.
Holzer, K. andA. Zinke. 1953. Über die Bitterstoffe der Zichorie (Cichorium intybus L.). Monatssch. Chem.84: 901.
Hörhammer, L., H. Wagner andB. Lay. 1963. New methods in pharmocognosy. VI. Chromatography ofTussilago farfara andPetasites leaves. Deutsch. Apotheker-Zeitung103: 429.
Huber, C. P. and K. J. Watson. 1968. The crystal and molecular structure of 2-bromolumisantonin. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 2441.
Imakura, Y., K. H. Lee, D. Sims, R.-Y. Wu, I. H. Hall, H. Furukawa, M. Hoigawa andK. Yonaha. 1980. Antitumor agents. XXXVI: Structural elucidation of sesquiterpene lactones, microhelenins A, B, and C, microlenin acetate, and plenolin fromHelenium microcephalum. J. Pharm. Sci.69: 1044.
Inayama, S., T. Kawamata andM. Yanagita. 1973. Sesquiterpene lactones ofGaillardia pulchella. Phytochemistry12: 1741.
—,T. Okhura, T. Kawamata andM. Yanagita. 1974. Ambrosic acid. New irritant principle fromAmbrosia artemisiifolia. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Japan)22: 1435; Chem. Abstr.81: 132853n (1974).
Irie, G. W., D. A. Witzel, W. Herz, R. Kannan, J. O. Norman, D. D. Rushing, J. H. Johnson, L. D. Rowe andJ. A. Veech. 1975. Hymenovin. Major toxic constituents of western bitterweed (Hymenoxys odorata DC). J. Agric. Food Chem.23: 841.
Irwin, M. A.. 1971. Sesquiterpene lactones ofArtemisia. Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of California, Los Angeles; Chem. Abstr.75: 137459z (1971).
— andT. A. Geissman. 1969. Sesquiterpene lactones. Constituents ofArtemisia nova Nels. and A.tripartita A. Gray ssp.rupicola. Phytochemistry8: 305.
——. 1969. Sesquiterpene lactones ofArtemisia species. New lactones fromA. arbuscula ssp.arbuscula andA. tripartita ssp.rupicola. Phytochemistry8: 2411.
——. 1971. Sesquiterpene lactones fromArtemisia: Arbusculin-C, rothin-A and rothin-B. Phytochemistry10: 637.
——. 1973. Arbusculin-D fromArtemisia arbuscula ssp.arbuscula. Phytochemistry12: 853.
——. 1973. Ridentin-B: An eudesmanolide fromArtemisia tripartita spp.rupicola. Phytochemistry12: 871.
——. 1973. Rupicolin-A, and -B, rupin-A and -B, cumambrin B oxide fromArtemisia tripartita ssp.rupicola. Phytochemistry12: 863.
——. 1973. Novanin: A germacranolide fromArtemisia nova. Phyxochemistry12: 875.
—,K. H. Lee, R. F. Simpson andT. A. Geissman. 1969. Sesquiterpene lactones ofArtemisia. Ridentin. Phytochemistry8: 2009.
Ishii, H., T. Tozyo andH. Minato. 1966. Components of the root ofLigularia fischeri Turcz. J. Chem. Soc. C (London)17: 1545.
Ishizaki, Y., Y. Tanahashi, Y. Moriyama, T. Takahashi, andH. Koyama. 1974. Sesquiterpenes from the roots ofLigularia hodgsonii. Phytochemistry13: 674.
-, -and T. Takahashi. 1969. Furanoeremophilan-14β,6α-olide, a new furanosesquiterpene lactone fromLigularia hodgsonii Hook. f. The structure and nuclear overhauser effects. Chem. Commun. 551.
——— andK. Tori. 1970. The structure of ligularenolide. A new sesquiterpene lactone of eremophilane type. Tetrahedron26: 5387.
Isobe, M., H. Ito, T. Kawai andT. Goto. 1978. Synthesis of sesquiterpene antitumor lactones. A new stereocontrolled total synthesis of (±) vernolepin. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.100: 1940.
Ito, K. andT. Lida. 1981. Seven sesquiterpene lactones fromInula britannica var.chinensis. Phytochemistry20: 271.
Jackson, R. C. 1960. A revision of the genusIva L. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull.41: 793.
Jain, T. C. and J. E. McCloskey. 1971. Bromotrifluoride catalyzed cyclization of costunolide. Synthesis of 4α-hydroxycyclocostulinolide. Tetrahedron Lett. 1415.
Jamieson, G. R., E. H. Reid, B. P. Turner andA. T. Jamieson. 1976. BakkenolideA. Its distribution inPetasites species and cytotoxic properties. Phytochemistry15: 1713.
Jeffrey, C. 1979. Generic and sectional limits inSenecio (Compositae). II. Evaluation of some recent studies. Kew Bulletin34: 49.
—,P. Halliday, M. Wilmot-Dear andS. W. Jones. 1977. Generic and sectional limits inSenecio (Compositae): I. Progress Report. Kew Bull.32: 47.
Jennings, P., S. Reeder, J. Hurley, C. Caughlan, G. D. Smith. 1974. Isolation and structure determination of one of the toxic constituents fromTetrahymena glabrata. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)39: 3392.
Jeremic, D., A. Jokic, A. Behbud and M. Stefanovic. 1973. A new type of sesquiterpene lactone isolated fromArtemisia annua L. Tetrahedron Lett. 3039.
Jizba, J., Z. Samek, L. Novotny, E. Najdenova andA. Boeva. 1978. Components ofSenecio nemorensis var.bulgaricus (Vel. Pro. Sp.). Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun.43: 1113.
Jones, D. A. 1972. Cyanogenic glycosides and their function. Page 103in J. B. Harborne (ed.). Phytochemical ecology. Academic Press, London and New York.
Jones, S. B. 1978. Vernonieae—systematic review. Page 503in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 1. Academic Press, London.
Joseph-Nathan, P. andJ. Romo. 1966. Isolation and structure of peruvin. Tetrahedron22: 1723.
Joshi, B. S., A. S. Bawdekar, G. H. Kulkarni, A. S. Rao, G. R. Kelkar andS. C. Bhattacharyya. 1961. Examination ofCostus root oil. Perfumery Essent. Oil Record52: 773; Chem. Abstr.56: 11727d (1962).
— andV. N. Kamat. 1972. Structure of enhydrin, a germacranolide fromEnhydra fluctuons Lour. Ind. J. Chem.10: 771.
—,G. H. Kulkarni, G. R. Kelkar andS. C. Bhattacharyya. 1966. Transformation products of costunolide. Stereochemistry of (-) santonin and solid dihydrocostunolide at C-11. Tetrahedron22: 2331.
Kagan, H. B., H. E. Miller, W. Renold, M. V. Lakshmikantham, L. R. Tether, W. Herz andT. J. Mabry. 1966. The structure of psilostachyin C, a new sesquiterpene dilactone fromAmbrosia psilostachya DC. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)31: 1629.
Kallen, J. 1873. Über Helenin und Alantkampher. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.6: 1506.
Kaneko, H., S. Naruto andS. Takahashi. 1971. Sesquiterpenes ofAchillea sibirica. Phytochemistry10: 3305.
Karawya, M. S., S. H. Hilal, M. S. Hifnawy andS. E. El-Hawary. 1977. Isolation and preliminary pharmacological and microbiological screening of cnicin fromCentaurea calitrapa L. growing in Egypt. Egypt. J. Pharm. Sci.16: 445; Chem. Abstr.89: 160096b (1978).
Kariyone, T., T. Fukui, M. Ishikawa andT. Imawaki. 1949. Constituents ofArtemisia monogyna. Structure of mibulactone. J. Pharmac. Soc. Japan69: 310.
— andS. Naito. 1955. Components ofCarpesium abrotanoides. Chemical structure ofCarpesia lactone. J. Pharm. Soc. Japan75: 39; Chem. Abstr.50: 890g (1956).
—— andJ. Chatani. 1954. Studies on the components ofCarpesium abrotanoides. Chemical constitution ofcarpesia lactone. Pharm. Bull. (Japan)2: 339; Chem. Abstr.50: 7089g (1956).
Karrer, W. 1958. Konstitution und Vorkommen der Organischen Pflanzenstoffe. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel.
Kashman, Y., D. Lavie andE. Glotter. 1967. Sesquiterpene lactones fromInula helenium. Israel J. Chem.5: 23.
Kasymov, Sh. Z. andG. P. Sidyakin. 1972. Lactones ofAchillea millefolium. Khim. Prir. Soedin.8: 246; English ed. p. 246.
——. 1969. Lactones fromArtemisia tenuisecta. Khim. Prir. Soedin.5: 445; Chem. Abstr.72: 75666s (1970).
-,M. I. Yusupov, S. Kh. Zakirov, G. P. Sidyakin and D. Tezisy. 1978. Structure of novel guaianolides of jurmolide and ayanin. Sov. Indiiskii Simp., Khim. Prir. Soedin. 5th 37 (Russ.) Izv. Biol. Nauki. SSR: Yerevan, USSR; Chem. Abstr. 93: 186586u (1980).
Kato, T., K. Shirahata and Y. Kitahara. 1969. Mass spectra of bakkenolides and their derivatives. Recent Develop. Mass. Spectrosc. Proc. Int. Conf. Mass. Spectrosc. 1259; Chem. Abstr.75: 110446f (1971).
Kawatani, T. andT. Takeuchi. 1954. Two crystalline compounds fromArtemisia finita; further discovery of anArtemisia containing 1-β-santonin. J. Pharm. Soc. Japan74: 793; Chem. Abstr.49: 11607f (1955).
Kechatova, N. A., K. S. Rybalko, P. N. Smirnov andM. I. Kamnev. 1969. Tauremisin contentof Artemisia taurica. Tauremisin distribution in the organs. Rast. Resur.5: 444; Chem. Abstr.72: 39786x (1970).
— andM. I. Vlasov. 1966. Sesquiterpene lactone fromArtemisia juncea. Khim. Prir. Soedin., Akad. Nauk, CK. SSR2: 216; Chem. Abstr.65: 17360e (1966).
Keck, D. D. 1946. A revision of theArtemisia vulgaris complex in North America. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. IV Series25(17): 421.
Kelsey, R. G. 1974. The systematic usefulness of the sesquiterpene lactones in the genusArtemisia, sectionTridentatae (sagebrush) of Montana. Doctoral thesis. Univ. of Montana.
—,M. S. Morris, N. R. Bhadane andF. Shafizadeh. 1973. Sesquiterpene lactonesof Artemisia: TLC analysis and taxonomic significance. Phytochemistry12: 1345.
— andF. Shafizadeh. 1979. Sesquiterpene lactones and systematics of the genusArtemisia. Phytochemistry18: 1591.
—,J. W. Thomas, T. J. Watson andF. Shafizadeh. 1975. Population studies inArtemisia tridentata ssp.vaseyana: Chromosome numbers and sesquiterpene lactone races. Biochem. System. Ecol.3: 209.
Kerimov, S. S. andO. S. Chizhov. 1974. Sesquiterpene lactones ofInula helenium. Khim. Prir. Soedin.10: 254; Chem. Abstr.81: 60894b (1974).
Khafagy, S. M., S. A. Gharbo andT. M. Sarg. 1971. Phytochemical investigations ofArtemisia herba-alba. Pl. Med.20: 90.
— andA. Metwally. 1970. Isolation of a crystalline sesquiterpenic ketolactone fromXanthium occidentale. Pl. Med.18: 318; Chem. Abstr.73: 95439u (1970).
Khvorost, P. P. andN. F. Komissarenko. 1976. Lactones ofInula helenium. Khim. Prir. Soedin.12: 820; Chem. Abstr.86: 136307p (1978).
Kiang, A. K., K. Y. Sim andS. W. Young. 1968. Constituents ofMikania cordata (Burm. F.) B. L. Robinson (Compositae) II. Phytochemistry7: 1035.
Kim, H. L., L. D. Rowe andB. J. Camp. 1975. Hymenoxon, a poisonous sesquiterpene lactone fromHymenoxys odorata (bitterweed). Res. Comm. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol.11: 647; Chem. Abstr.83: 160803f (1975).
Kingston, D., M. Rao, T. Spittler, R. Pettersen andD. Cullen. 1975. Sesquiterpenes fromFluorensia cernua. Phytochemistry14: 2033.
Kiseleva, E. Y., V. I. Sheichenko, K. S. Rybalko, G. A. Kalabin andA. I. Ban’kovskii. 1971. The structure of inulicin—a new sesquiterpene lactone fromInula japonica. Khim. Prir. Soedin.7: 263; English ed. p. 254; Chem. Abstr.75: 110445e (1971).
———,A. I. Shretev andD. Pakaln. 1969. Separation of gaillardin fromInula oculus Christi. Khim. Prir. Soedin.5: 444; Chem. Abstr.72: 82893s (1970).
Kisiel, W. 1975. Phytochemical investigation ofVernonia flexuosa. Vernoflexuoside and vernoflexin, new sesquiterpene lactones. Pol. J. Pharmacol. Pharm.27: 461; Chem. Abstr.84: 14634f (1976).
—. 1978. New germacranolide fromZinnia haageana. Phytochemistry17: 1059.
Klimash, J. W. andN. H. Fischer. 1981. Four new cis,cis-germacranolides from cytotoxic fractions ofMelampodium cinereum. Phytochemistry20: 840.
Kondo, Y., F. Hamada and F. Yoshizaki. 1976. 2-methoxydihydrohelenalin from the rhizome of SendaiHelenium autumnale L. Heterocycles 373; Chem. Abstr. 86: 90060x (1977).
-,T. Tomimori, N. Hiraga and T. Takemoto. 1977. Picrohelenin, a new cytotoxic and bitter pseudoguaianolide from SendaiHelenium autumnale L. Heterocycles 19; Chem. Abstr.86: 68371c (1977).
-,F. Yoshizaki, F. Hamada, J. Imai and G. Kusano. 1977. Sulferalin, a novel sulfonyl pseudoguaianolide sesquiterpene lactone from SendaiHelenium autumnale L. Tetrahedron Lett. 2155.
Konovalova, O. A., K. S. Rybalko andV. S. Kabanov. 1972. Sesquiterpene lactones fromCarpesium eximium. Khim. Prir. Soedin.8: 721;English ed. p. 705; Chem. Abstr.78: 94805b (1973).
--and M. G. Pimenov. 1979. Sesquiterpene lactone fromSaussurea amara. Khim. Prir. Soedin. 865; Chem. Abstr.93: 22593t (1980).
—— andV. I. Sheichenko. 1974. Structure of new sesquiterpene lactones fromInula germanica. Khim. Prir. Soedin.10: 578;English ed. p. 591; Chem. Abstr.82: 73219f (1975).
——— andD. A. Pakaln. 1971. Sesquiterpene lactones fromArtemisia caucasica. Khim. Prir. Soedin.7: 741; English ed. p. 719; Chem. Abstr. 76: 141061b (1972).
Kovacs, Ö., V. Herout, M. Horak andF. Sôrm. 1956. On terpenes. LXVII. Hydrogenation products of santonin and alantolactone. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.21: 225.
Kozuka, M., K. H. Lee, A. T. McPhail andK. D. Onan. 1975. Structure and absolute stereochemistry of dihydroflorilenalin, a new sesquiterpene lactone from FloridaHelenium autumnale. Chem. Pharm. Bull.23: 1895.
Kupchan, S. M. 1975. Advances in the chemistry of tumor-inhibitory natural products. Page 167in V. C. Runeckles (ed.). Recent advances in phytochemistry. Vol. 9. Plenum Press, New York.
—,J. W. Ashmore andA. T. Sneden. 1977. Eriofertopin and 2-O-acetyleriofertopin, a new tumor inhibitory germacradienolide fromEriophyllum confertiflorum. Phytochemistry16: 1834.
—,Y. Aynechi, J. M. Cassady, H. K. Schnoes andA. L. Burlingame. 1969. Tumor inhibitors XL. The isolation and structural elucidation of elephantin and elephantopin, two novel sesquiterpenoid tumor inhibitors fromElephantopus elatus. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)34: 3867.
-,R. L. Baxter, C-K. Chiang, C. J. Gilmore and R. F. Bryan. 1973. Eriolangin and eriolanin, novel antileukemic secoeudesmanolides fromEriophyllum lanatum. Chem. Commun. 842.
—,J. M. Cassady, J. E. Kelsey, H. K. Schones, D. H. Smith andA. L. Burlingame. 1966. Structural elucidation and high resolution mass spectrometry of gaillardin, a new cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactone. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.88: 5292.
—,V. H. Davies, T. Fujita, M. R. Cox andR. F. Bryan. 1971. Liatrin, a novel antileukemic sesquiterpene lactone fromLiatris chapmanii. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.93: 4916.
————,R. J. Restivo andR. F. Bryan. 1973. The isolation and structural elucidation of liatrin, a novel antileukemic sesquiterpene lactone fromLiatris chapmanii. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)38: 1853.
—,T. Fujita, M. Maruyama andR. W. Britton. 1973. The isolation and structure elucidation of eupaserrin and desacetyleupaserrin, new antileukemic sesquiterpene lactones fromEupatorium semiserratum. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)38: 1260.
—,R. J. Hemingway, A. Karim andD. Werner. 1969. Vernodalin and vernomygdin, two new cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones fromVernonia amygdalina Del. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)34: 3908.
——D. Werner andA. Karim. 1969. Vernolepin, a novel sesquiterpene dilactone tumor inhibitor fromVernonia hymenolepis A. Rich. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)34: 3903.
————,A. T. McPhail andG. A. Sim. 1968. Vernolepin, a novel elemanolide dilactone tumor inhibitor fromVernonia hymenolepis. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.90: 3596.
—,J. E. Kelsey, M. Maruyama, J. M. Cassady, J. C. Hemingway andJ. R. Knox. 1969. Tumor inhibitors XLI. Structural elucidation of tumor-inhibitory sesquiterpene lactones fromEupatorium rotundifolium. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)34: 3876.
—,M. Maruyama, R. J. Hemingway, J. C. Hemingway, S. Shibuya andT. Fujita. 1973. Structural elucidation of novel tumor-inhibitory sesquiterpene lactones fromEupatorium cuneifolium. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)38: 2189.
——————,P. D. Cradwick, A. D. Hardy andG. A. Sim. 1971. Eupacunin, a novel antileukemic sesquiterpene lactone fromEupatorium cuneifolium. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.93: 4914.
Kurokawa, T., K. Nakanishi, W. Wu, H. Y. Hsu, M. Maruyama and S. M. Kupchan. 1970. Deoxyelephantopin and its interrelation with elephantopin. Tetrahedron Lett. 2863.
Lee, K. H., D. C. Anuforo, E. S. Huang andC. Piantadosi. 1972. Angustibalin, a new cytotoxic sesquiterpene fromBalduina angustifolia. J. Pharm. Sci.61: 626; Chem. Abstr.77: 28809j (1972).
-,H. Furukawa, M. Kozuka, H. C. Huang, P. A. Luhan and A. T. McPhail. 1973. Molephantin, a novel cytotoxic germacranolide fromElephantopus mollis. Xray crystal structure. Chem. Commun. 476.
— andT. A. Geissman. 1970. Sesquiterpene lactones ofArtemisia. Constituents of A.ludoviciana ssp.mexicana. Phytochemistry9: 403.
——. 1971. Sesquiterpene lactones ofArtemisia species. Artefransin fromA. franserioides. Phytochemistry10: 205.
—,M. Haruna, H. C. Huang, B. S. Wu andI. H. Hall. 1977. Helenalin, an antitumor principle fromAnaphalis morrisonicola Hay. J. Pharm. Sci.66: 1194; Chem. Abstr.87: 145893s.
—,H. C. Huang, E. S. Huang andH. Furukawa. 1972. Eupatolide, a new cytotoxic principle fromEupatorium formosanum. J. Pharm. Sci.61: 629; Chem. Abstr.77: 28810c (1972).
—,T. Ibuka, H. Furukawa, M. Kozuka, R-Y. Wu, I. H. Hall andH-C. Huang. 1980. Antitumor agents. XXXVIII. Isolation and structural elucidation of novel germacranolides and triterpenes fromElephantopus mollis. J. Pharm. Sci.69: 1050.
——H-C. Huang andD. L. Harris. 1975. Molephantinin, a new potent antitumor sesquiterpene lactone fromElephantopus mollis. J. Pharm. Sci.64: 1077; Chem. Abstr.83: 172545 (1975).
-, -,M. Kozuka, A. T. McPhail and K. D. Onan. 1974. The structure and absolute configuration of florilenalin, a new cytotoxic guaianolide from FloridaHelenium autumnale L. Tetrahedron Lett. 2287.
-, -,A. T. McPhail, K. D. Onan, T. A. Geissman and T. G. Waddell. 1974. The structure and absolute configuration of plenolin, a cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactone. Tetrahedron Lett. 1149.
—,Y. Imakura andD. Sims. 1976. Structure and stereochemistry of microhelenin-A, a new antitumor sesquiterpene lactone fromHelenium microcephalum. J. Pharm. Sci.65: 1410.
-,-,-,A. T. McPhail and K. D. Onan. 1976. Structure and stereochemistry of microlenin, a novel antitumor dimeric sesquiterpene lactone fromHelenium microcephalum; X-ray crystal structure. Chem. Commun. 341.
—————. 1977. Antitumor sesquiterpene lactones fromHelenium microcephalum: Isolation of mexicanin-E and structural characterization of microhelenin-B and -C. Phytochemistry16: 393.
—,T. Kimura, M. Haruna, A. T. McPhail, K. D. Onan andH-C. Huang. 1977. Structure and stereochemistry of eupaformosanin, a new antileukemic and antisarcoma germacranolide fromEupatorium formosanum. Phytochemistry16: 1068.
-, -,M. Okamoto, C. M. Cowherd, A. T. McPhail and K. D. Onan. 1976. The structure and stereochemistry of eupahyssopin, a new antitumor germacranolide fromEupatorium hyssopifolium. Tetrahedron Lett. 1051.
—,S. Matsueda andT. A. Geissman. 1971. Sesquiterpene lactones ofArtemisia. New guaianolides from fall growth of A.douglasiana. Phytochemistry10: 405.
—,R. F. Simpson andT. A. Geissman. 1969. Sesquiterpenoid lactones ofArtemisia. Constituentsof Artemisia cana ssp.cana. The structure of canin. Phytochemistry8: 1515.
Lessing, C. F. 1832. “Synopsis generum Compositarum.” Berolini (1832).
LeVan, N. andN. H. Fischer. 1979. Three new melampolide sesquiterpenes. Polymatin A, B and C, fromPolymnia maculata Cav. var.maculata. Phytochemistry18: 851.
Levin, D. C. 1979. The nature of plant species. Science204: 381.
Levy, M. 1977. Minimum biosynthetic step indices as measures of comparative flavonoid affinity. Sys. Bot.2: 89.
L’Homme, M. F., T. A. Geissman, H. Yoshioka, T. H. Porter, W. Renold and T. J. Mabry. 1969. The structure of chamissonin. Tetrahedron Lett. 3161.
Lincoln, D. E. andJ. H. Langenheim. 1979. Variation ofSatureja douglasii monoterpenoids in relation to light intensity and herbivory. Biochem. System. Ecol.7: 289.
Lucas, R. A., S. Rovinski, R. J. Kiesel, L. Dorfman andH. B. MacPhillamy. 1964. A new sesquiterpene lactone with analgesic activity fromHelenium amarum. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)29: 1549.
—,R. G. Smith andL. Dorfman. 1964. The isolation of dihydromexicanin-E fromHelenium autumnale L. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)29: 2101.
Lugovskaya, S. A., N. V. Plekhanova, and K. Y. Orovbaev. 1976. Alantolactone fromInula grandis. Khim. Prir. Soedin 110.
-,-,-. 1976. Alantolactone and isoalantolactone fromInula grandis Schrenk. Izv. Akad. Nauk, Kirg. SSR. 54; Chem. Abstr.86: 167866z (1977).
Mabry, T. J. 1972. Infraspecific variation of sesquiterpene lactones inAmbrosia (Compositae): Applications to evolutionary problems at the populational level. Phytochemical phytogeny. Proc. Phytochem. Soc. Symp.1969: 269.
— andF. Bohlmann. 1978. Summary of the chemistry of the Compositae. Page 1097in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 2. Academic Press, London.
—,Z. Abdel-Baset, W. G. Padolina andS. B. Jones. 1975. Systematic implications of flavonoids and sesquiterpene lactones in species ofVernonia. Biochem. System. Ecol.2: 185.
See Reference No. 596, Literature Cited.
— andJ. E. Gill. 1979. Sesquiterpene lactones and other terpenoids. Pages 601in G. A. Rosenthal and D. H. Janzen (eds.). Herbivores: Their interaction with secondary plant metabolites. Academic Press, New York.
—,H. B. Kagan andH. E. Miller. 1966. Psilostachyin B, a new sesquiterpene dilactone fromAmbrosia psilostachya DC. Tetrahedron22: 1943.
—,H. E. Miller, H. B. Kagan andW. Renold. 1966. The structure of psilostachyin, a new sesquiterpene dilactone fromAmbrosia psilostachya. Tetrahedron22: 1139.
—,W. Renold, H. E. Miller andH. B. Kagan. 1966. The structure of ambrosiol. A new sesquiterpene lactone fromAmbrosia psilostachya. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)31: 681.
Mahmoud, Z., N. A. Abdel Salam, T. M. Sarg andF. Bohlmann. 1981. A carotane derivative and a eudesmanolide fromInula crithmoides. Phytochemistry20: 735.
Manchand, P. S. andJ. F. Blount. 1978. Stereostructures of neurolensins A and B, novel germacranolide sesquiterpenes fromNeurolaena lobata (L.) R. Br. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)43: 4352.
Maruyama, M. andS. Omura. 1977. Carpesiolin fromCarpesium abrotanoides. Phytochemistry16: 782.
— andF. Shibata. 1975. Stereochemistry of granilin isolated fromCarpesium abrotanoides. Phytochemistry14: 2247.
Mathur, S. B. 1972. Composition of PunjabCostus root oil. Phytochemistry11: 449.
— andC. M. Fermín. 1973. Terpenes ofMikania mongenansis. Phytochemistry12: 226.
—,P. García Tello, C. Marcano Fermín andV. Mora-Arellano. 1975. Terpenoidsof Mikania monagasensis and their biological activities. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.6: 201.
—,S. V. Hiremath, G. H. Kulkarni, G. R. Kelkar andS. C. Bhattacharyya. 1965. Terpenoids—LXX. Structure of dehydrocostus lactone. Tetrahedron21: 3575.
Matsueda, S. and T. A. Geissman. 1967. Sesquiterpene lactones ofArtemisia species. HI. Arglanine fromArtemisia douglasiana Bess. Tetrahedron Lett. 2013.
-, and -. 1967. Sesquiterpene lactonesof Artemisia species. IV. Douglanine fromArtemisia douglasiana Bess. Tetrahedron Lett. 2159.
-,M. Nagaki, J. Ichita, Y. Masuchi and M. Koreeda. 1979. Structure of meridianone. Abstract Book, ACS-CSJ Chemical Congress, Honolulu. Organic Chemistry Paper 571.
—,S. Sato andY. Satomi. 1973. Sesquiterpene lactones IX. Seasonal variation of chemical constitution ofArtemisia feddei collected in Kochi Prefecture. J. Pharm. Soc. Japan93: 922; Chem. Abstr.79: 75928y (1973).
Mazur, Y. and A. Meisels. 1956. The structure of arborescine, a new sesquiterpene fromArtemisia arborescens L. Chem. Ind. 492.
McMillan, C, P. I. Chávez andT. J. Mabry. 1975. Sesquiterpene lactones ofXanthium strumarium in a Texas population and in experimental hybrids. Biochem. Syst. Ecol.3: 137; Chem. Abstr.84: 56625j (1976).
——,S. G. Plettman andT. J. Mabry. 1975. Systematic implications of the sesquiterpene lactones in the “strumarium” morphological complex (Xanthium strumarium, Asteraceae) of Europe, Asia and Africa. Biochem. System. Ecol.2: 181.
McPhail, A. T., P. A. Luhan, K. H. Lee, H. Furukawa, R. Meck, C. Piantadosi and T. Shingu. 1973. Crystal structure of carolenalin monoacetate: Revision of the stereochemistry of carolenalin and carolenin. Tetrahedron Lett. 4087.
-,R. W. Miller, B. Mompon and R. Toubiana. 1975. Structure and stereochemistry of vernodesmine, a novel phenyl bearing sesquiterpene lactone fromVernonia pectoralis Baker. Tetrahedron Lett. 3675.
— andK. D. Onan. 1976. Crystal and molecular structure of carolenalone, a cycloheptenone sesquiterpene lactone from North CarolinaHelenium autumnale L. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans.II: 332.
-, -,H. Furukawa and K. H. Lee. 1975. Structure and stereochemistry of carolenalone, a new sesquiterpene lactone from North CarolinaHelenium autumnale L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1229.
-, -,K. H. Lee, T. Ibuka, and H. Ch. Huang. 1974. Structure and stereochemistry of eupaformonin, a novel cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactone fromEupatorium formosanum Hay. Tetrahedron Lett. 3203.
-, -, -, -,M. Kozuka, T. Shingu and H. C. Huang. 1974. Structure and stereochemistry of the epoxide of phantomolin, a novel cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactone fromElephantopus mollis. Tetrahedron Lett. 2739.
— andG. Sim. 1972. Constitution and absolute stereochemistry of elephantol: X-ray analysis of elephantol p-bromobenzoate. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans.2: 1313.
Mears, J. A. 1980. Chemistry of polyploids. A summary with comments onParthenium (Asteraceae-Ambrosiinae). Page 77in W. H. Lewis (ed.). Polyploidy—biological relevance. Plenum Press, New York.
Mehra, M. M., K. G. Deshpande, B. B. Ghatge andS. C. Bhattacharyya. 1967. Transformation products of alantolactones. Tetrahedron23: 2469.
Miller, H. E. andT. J. Mabry. 1967. 3-hydroxydamsin, a new pseudoguaianolide fromAmbrosia psilostachya (Compositae). J. Organ. Chem.32: 2929.
——,B. L. Turner andW. W. Payne. 1968. Infraspecific variation of sesquiterpene lactones inAmbrosia psilostachya (Compositae). Amer. J. Bot.55: 316.
Minato, H. and I. Horibe. 1965. Structure and stereochemistry of xanthumin, a stereoisomer of xanthinin. J. Chem. Soc. (London), 7009.
-,S. Nosaka and I. Horibe. 1964. The structure of carabrone, a new component ofCarpeslum abrotanoides. Linn. J. Chem. Soc. (London), 5503.
Mitchell, D. R. andR. O. Asplund. 1973. Pulchellins C and E inGaillardia aristata. Phytochemistry12: 2541.
Mnatsakanyan, V. A. and L. V. Revazova. 1974. Tamarine fromTanacetum chiliophyllum. Khim. Prir. Soedin. 396: Chem. Abstr.82: 13988w (1975).
——. 1974. Phytochemical analysis ofTanacetum myriocophyllum. II. Structure of tanamyrin. Arm. Khim. Zh.27: 208; Chem. Abstr.81: 91747k (1974).
——. 1973. Phytochemical analysis of the plantTanacetum myriophyllum. I. Sesquiterpenic lactones. Arm. Khim. Zh.26: 914; Chem. Abstr. 80: 121134g (1974).
Moiseeva, G. P., B. Akyev, S. Z. Kasymov andG. P. Sidyakin. 1973. The structure of the lactones arsanin and arsantin. Khim. Prir. Soedin.9: 167; English ed. p. 162; Chem. Abstr.79: 5470u (1973).
Mompon, B., C. M. Ho andR. Toubiana. 1973. Sur la structure du pectorolide, nouvelle lactone sesquiterpenique isolée duVernonia pectoralis Baker. Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. Series C.276: 1799; Chem. Abstr.79: 105430z (1973).
—,G. Massiot andR. Toubiana. 1974. Structure of subluteolide, a new guaianolide isolated fromVernonia sublutea (Compositae). Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. Ser. C.279: 907; Chem. Abstr.82: 171223x (1975).
— andR. Toubiana. 1976. Lactones sesquiterpeniques duVernonia pectoralis Baker (Comp.). Stereochimie du pectorolide, et structure des vernopectolides-A et B. Tetrahedron32: 2545.
Morimoto, H., Y. Sanno andH. Oshio. 1966. Chemical studies on heliangine. A new sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the leaves ofHelianthus tuberosus L. Tetrahedron22: 3173.
Morishita, H., S. Nakano, I. Satoda and T. Fukui. 1959. Extraction of santonin from a new plant [pentaploid hybrid:Artemisia maritima ssp.monogyna xA. lercheana var.dahurica]. Japan 2296; Chem. Abstr.53: 20707g.
-, -, -,and -. 1959. Extraction of santonin with bicarbonate. Japan 2646; Chem. Abstr.53: 18981d (1959).
Moriyama, Y. and T. Takahashi. 1976. New sesquiterpene lactones of the eremophilane type fromLigularia fauriei (Fr.) Koidz. Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 3196; Chem. Abstr.86: 140267t (1977).
——. 1976. New eremophilane-type lactones fromLigularia fauriei (Fr.) Koidz. Chem. Pharm. Bull.24: 360; Chem. Abstr.84: 147721d (1976).
Mukhametzhanov, M. N., A. I. Shreter andD. Pakalns. 1969. Stizolycin fromCentaurea solstitialis. Khim. Prir. Soedin.5: 590; Chem. Abstr.73: 73825q (1970).
Nagano, H., Y. Moriyama, Y. Tanahashi andT. Takahashi. 1974. New benzofuranosesquiterpenes fromFarfugiumjaponicum. Farfugin A and farfugin B. Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan47: 1994.
—,Y. Tanahashi, Y. Moriyama andT. Takahashi. 1973. New furanoeremophilane derivatives fromFarfugium japonicum Kitamura. Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan46: 2840.
Nagumo, S., K. Izawa, K. Higashiyama andM. Nagai. 1980. A bitter principle ofPertya robusta (Maxim.) Beav. Yakugaku Zasshi100: 427.
Naidenova, E. andE. Bloshik. 1978. Study of Bulgarian plants for sesquiterpene lactone content. I. Parthenolides inInula aschersonianaIka. var.aschersoniana Staj., Stef. and Kitan. Farmatsiya (Sofia)28: 26; Chem. Abstr.89: 193899u (1978).
Nakatani, N., C. Bohnstedt andT. J. Mabry. 1973. The origin ofAmbrosia chamissonis in Chile. Biochem. System.1: 129.
Nano, G. M., A. Martelli andP. Sancin. 1966. Chemical investigations ofArtemisia grown in Piedmont. Riv. Ital. Essenze-Profumi, Piante Offic., Aromi-Saponi, Cosm. Aerosol98: 409; Chem. Abstr.66: 31930v (1967).
Narain, N. K. 1978. Spectroscopic studies of fasciculide B, a new sesquiterpene lactone from the leaves ofVernonia fasciculata Misch. Spectrosc. Letters11: 267.
Naya, K., M. Hayashi, I. Takagi, S. Nakamura andM. Kobayashi. 1972. The structural elucidation of sesquiterpene lactones fromPetasites japonicus Maxim. Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan45: 3673; Chem. Abstr.78: 124744a (1973).
—,R. Kanazawa andM. Sawada. 1975. The photosensitized oxygenation of furanoeremophilanes. I. The isomeric hydroperoxides from petasalbin and their transformations to lactones. Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan48: 3220; Chem. Abstr. 84: 90329a (1976).
-,M. Kawai, M. Naito and T. Kasai. 1972. Structures of eremofukinone, 9acetoxyfukinanolide and S-japonin fromPetasites japonicus. Chem. Letters, 241.
-,Y. Miyoshi, H. Mori, K. Takai and M. Nakanishi. 1976. The sesquiterpenes ofCacalia species. Chem. Lett. 73.
-,I. Takagi, M. Hayashi, S. Nakamura, M. Kobayashi and S. Katsumura. 1968. Structures of new skeletal sesquiterpenoids fromPetasites japonicus Maxim. Chem. Ind. 318.
Nazarenko, M. V. 1965. Guaianolides of sievers wormwood,Artemisia sieversiana. Zh. Prikl. Khim.38: 2372; Chem. Abstr.64: 3608g (1966).
— andL. I. Leont’eva. 1966. Sieversinin, a new sesquiterpenicγ-lactone. Khim. Prir. Soedin.2: 399; Chem. Abstr.67: 32803p (1967).
Neshta, I. D. andN. A. Kaloshina. 1972. Leucomisin fromAchillea cartilaginae. Khim. Prir. Soedin.8: 652; English ed. p. 625.
-,K. S. Rybalko, O. A. Konovalova and O. F. Ivanenko. 1976. Lactones ofAchillea micrantha andA. vermicularis. Khim. Prir. Soedin. 395; Chem. Abstr. 85: 106653k (1976).
Nikonova, L. P. 1973. Lactones ofInula magnifica. Khim. Prir. Soedin.9: 558; English ed. p. 528; Chem. Abstr.80: 45620v (1974).
— andG. K. Nikonov. 1972. Granilin—a new lactone fromInula grandis. Khim. Prir. Soedin.8: 289; English ed. p. 286; Chem. Abstr.78: 2009u (1973).
——. 1970. Grandulin and grandicin. New sesquiterpene lactones fromInula grandis. Khim. Prir. Soedin.6: 133; Chem. Abstr.73: 117175j (1970).
——. 1970. Igalan, a new sesquiterpene lactone fromInula grandis. Khim. Prir. Soedin.6: 508.
——. 1976. Sesquiterpene lactones fromLigularia macrophylla andL. thomsonii. Khim. Prir. Soedin.6: 742; Chem. Abstr.86: 1030556 (1977).
——. 1971. Sesquiterpenes of the roots ofInula grandis. Khim. Prir. Soedin.7: 17; English ed. p. 14.
Nisikawa, Y., Y. Watanabe, I. Seto andI. Yasuda. 1976. Studies on the components ofAtractylodes. I. New sesquiterpenoids in the rhizomes ofAtractylodes lancea DC. J. Pharm. Soc. Japan96: 1089; Chem. Abstr.85: 192927g (1976).
Nordenstam, B. 1978. Senecioneae and Liabeae—systematic review. Page 799in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 2. Academic Press, London.
Novikov, V. I., F. N. Forostyan andD. P. Popa. 1970. A sesquiterpene lactone ofCyclachaena xanthifolia, anhydrocoronopilin. Khim. Prir. Soedin.6: 29; Chem. Abstr.73: 45615c (1970).
———. 1969. Structure of the sesquiterpene lactone fromCyclachaena xanthifolia. Khim. Prir. Soedin5: 487; Chem. Abstr.73: 15019u (1970).
Novotny, L. andV. Herout. 1962. The composition ofArtemisia sieversiana Willd. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.27: 1508.
—— andF. Sôrm. 1964. Constitution of petasalbine, albopetasine and hydroxyeremophilenolide, the components ofPetasites albus L. rhizomes. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.29: 2189.
-, -, and -. 1961. Substances fromPetasites officinalis Moench. andPetasites albus (L.). Gaertn. Tetrahedron Lett. 697.
———. 1960. A contribution to the structure of absinthin and anabsinthin. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.25: 1492.
———. 1960. A contribution to stereochemistry of absinthin and artabsin. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.25: 1500.
———. 1964. Constitution of petasitolides and S-petasitolides. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.29: 2182.
—,J. Jizba, V. Herout andF. Sôrm. 1962. The constituents of coltsfoot rhizomes (Petasites officinalis Moench.). Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.27: 1393.
————. 1963. Constitution and absolute configuration of eremophilenolide. Tetrahedron19: 1101.
—,K. Kotva, J. Toman andV. Herout. 1972. Sesquiterpenes fromPetasites. Phytochemistry11: 2795.
—,J. Toman, F. Stary, A Márquez, V. Herout andF. Sôrm. 1966. Contribution to the chemotaxonomy of some EuropeanPetasites species. Phytochemistry5: 1281.
—,T. Toman andV. Herout. 1968. Terpenoids of thePetasites paradoxus andPetasites kablikianus in relation to their phylogeny. Phytochemistry7: 1349.
Ohno, N., J. Gershenzon, C. Roane andT. J. Mabry. 1980. 11,13-dehydrodesacetylmatricarin and other sesquiterpene lactones fromArtemisia ludoviciana var.ludoviciana and the identity of artecanin and chrysartemin B. Phytochemistry19: 103.
—,H. Hirai, H. Yoshioka, X. A. Domínguez andT. J. Mabry. 1973. Cynaropicrin, a sesquiterpene lactone fromCentaurea americana. Phytochemistry12: 221.
— andT. J. Mabry. 1979. Germacranolides fromHelianthus mollis Lam. Phytochemistry18: 1003.
——. 1980. Sesquiterpene lactones and diterpene carboxylic acids inHelianthus niveus subspeciescanescens. Phytochemistry19: 609.
—,S. McCormick andT. J. Mabry. 1979. Centratherin, a new germacranolide fromCentratherum punctatum. Phytochemistry18: 681.
Olivier, E. J., D. L. Perry andN. H. Fischer. 1980. Two new germacranolides fromMelampodium leucanthum and their reductive and oxidative rearrangements. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)45: 4028.
Ortega, A., C. Guerrero andJ. Romo. 1973. Structure of zexbrevin D. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.4: 91; Chem. Abstr.81: 142429g (1974).
——,A. Romo de Vivar, J. Romo andA. Palafox. 1971. La orizabina y la zexbrevina B, nuevos germacranólidos furánicos. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.2: 38.
—,R. Lara, R. Martínez andE. Díaz. 1980. Sphaerocephalin, a germacranolide isolated fromViguiera sphaerocephala. Phytochemistry19: 1545.
—,A. Romo de Vivar andJ. Romo. 1968. Odoratin: A new pseudoguaianolide isolated fromHymenoxys odorata DC. Canad. J. Chem.46: 1539.
——,E. Diaz andJ. Romo. 1970. Determinación de las estructuras de la calaxina y de la ciliarina, nuevos germacranólidos furanónicos. Rev. Latinoamer. Quim.1: 81.
—,C. Vargas, C. Guerrero andA. Romo de Vivar. 1973. Los componentes deZexmenia brevifolia. III. Estructura de zexbrevina C. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.4: 1.
Osawa, T., A. Suzuki, S. Tamura, Y. Ohashi and Y. Sasada. 1973. Structure of chlorochrymorin, a novel sesquiterpene lactone fromChrysanthemum morifolium. Tetrahedron Lett. 5135.
-,D. Taylor, A. Suzuki and S. Tamura. 1977. Revised structure and stereochemistry of chrysartemin B. Tetrahedron Lett. 1169.
Padolina, W. G., N. Nakatani, H. Yoshioka, T. J. Mabry andS. A. Monti. 1974. Marginatin, a new germacranolide fromVernonia species. Phytochemistry13: 2225.
—,H. Yoshioka, N. Nakatani, T. J. Mabry, S. A. Monti, R. E. Davis, P. J. Cox, G. A. Sim, W. H. Watson andI. Beth Wu. 1974. Glaucolide-A and -B, new germacranolide-type sesquiterpene lactones fromVernonia (Compositae). Tetrahedron30: 1161.
Pal, R., D. K. Kulshreshtha and R. P. Rastogi. 1976. Chemical constituents ofTithonia tagitiflora Desf. 1976. Constitution of tagitinin A. Indian J. Chem. Sect. B14B: 259.
———. 1976. Chemical constituents ofTithonia tagitiflora Desf. Structure of tagitinin-B by application of homonuclear indor spectroscopy. Indian J. Chem. Sect. B14B: 77.
———. 1976. Antileukemic and other constituents ofTithonia tagitiflora Desf. J. Pharm. Sci.65: 918; Chem. Abstr.85: 72205y (1976).
———. 1977. Chemical constituents ofTithonia tagitiflora Desf. Part IV. Tagitinins C, D and F. Indian J. Chem. Sect. B15B: 208.
Papano, G. Y., P. Y. Malakov andF. Bohlmann. 1980. 8-β-hydroxydihydroperemanthin—ein neues Guajanolide ausInula aschersoniana. Phytochemistry19: 152.
Parker, B. A. andT. A. Geissman. 1962. The sesquiterpenoid lactones ofHelenium bigelovii Gray. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)27: 4127.
Payne, W. W. 1962. Biosystematic studies of four wide-spread weedy species of ragweeds (Ambrosia: Compositae). Ph.D. Thesis. University of Michigan.
—. 1964. A re-evaluation of the genusAmbrosia (Compositae). J. Arnold Arbor.45: 401.
—. 1976. Biochemistry and species problems inAmbrosia (Asteraceae-Ambrosieae). Plant Syst. Evol.125: 169.
—,T. A. Geissman, A. J. Lucas andT. Saitoh. 1973. Chemosystematics and taxonomyof Ambrosia chamissonis. Biochem. System.1: 21.
Pennuri, E. andC. Steelink. 1962. Chamazulene fromArtemisia carruthii. J. Pharm. Sci.51: 598; Chem. Abstr.57: 6021. (1962).
Perry, D. L., D. M. Desiderio andN. H. Fischer. 1978. Mass spectra of germacranolide type sesquiterpene dilactones and derivatives. Org. Mass Spectr.13: 325.
— andN. H. Fischer. 1975. New germacranolide sesquiterpene dilactones from the genusMelampodium (Compositae). J. Organ. Chem. (USA)40: 3480.
Persson, K. 1974. Biosystematic studies in theArtemisia maritima complex in Europe. Opera Bot.35: 188.
Pettersen, R. C. and H. L. Kim. 1976. X-ray structures of hymenoxon and hymenolane: Pseudoguaianolides isolated fromHymenoxys odorata DC. (bitterweed). J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. II: 1399.
Pettit, G. R., C. L. Herald, D. Gust, D. L. Herald andL. D. Vanell. 1978. Antineoplastic agents. 55. Isolation and structure of multigilin and multistatin. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)43: 1092.
Pieman, A. K., R. H. Elliott andG. H. N. Towers. 1978. Insect feeding deterrent property of alantolactone. Biochem. System. Ecol.6: 333.
—,G. H. N. Towers andP. V. Subba Rao. 1980. Coronopilin—another major sesquiterpene lactone inParthenium hysterophorus. Phytochemistry19: 2206.
Poljakov, P. P. 1961. Systematic studies in the genusArtemisia L. Trudy Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk. Kasakh., SSR Alma Ata11: 134.
Poplawski, J., M. Holub, Z. Samek andV. Herout. 1971. Arnicolides—sesquiterpeneic lactones from the leaves ofArnica montana L. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.36: 2189.
Popova, A. I., K. S. Rybalko and R. I. Evstratova. 1974. Sesquiterpene lactones fromArtemisia lagocephala, Artemisia schrenkiana andGrossheimia ossica. Khim. Prir. Soedin. 528; Chem. Abstr.82: 28594p (1975).
Porter, T. H. andT. J. Mabry. 1969. Sesquiterpene lactones. Constituents ofAmbrosia artemisiifolia L. (Compositae). Phytochemistry8: 793.
——,H. Yoshioka andN. H. Fisher. 1970. The isolation and structure determination of artemisiifolin, a new germacranolide fromAmbrosia artemisiifolia L. (Compositae). Phytochemistry9: 199.
Potter, J. 1970. Origin of the Texas Gulf Coast island populations ofAmbrosia psilostachya DC. (Compositae): A biochemical and numerical systematic investigation. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Texas at Austin.
— andT. J. Mabry. 1972. Origin of the Texas Gulf Coast island populations ofAmbrosia psilostachya: A numerical study using terpenoid data. Phytochemistry11: 715.
Power, F. B. and H. Browning. 1914. The constituents of the flowers ofAnthemis nobilis. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 1829.
Prochazka, V., Z. Cekan andR. B. Bates. 1963. Structure of globicin, a guaianolide fromMatricaria globifera (Thunb.) Druce. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.28: 1202.
Quijano, L., J. S. Calderón, F. Gómez G. andT. Ríos. 1979. Montafrusin, a new germacrolide fromMontanoa frutescens. Phytochemistry18: 843.
———,J. T. Garduno andT. Ríos C. 1980. Deltoidin A and B, two new germacrolides fromEupatorium deltoideum. Phytochemistry19: 1975.
—,D. Bloomenstiel andN. H. Fischer. 1979. Tetraludin A, B and C, three new melampolides fromTetragonotheca ludoviciana. Phytochemistry18: 1529.
— andN. H. Fischer. 1981. Melfusin, a new germacrolide fromMelampodium diffusum (Compositae, Heliantheae). J. Nat. Prod.44: 266.
—,E. J. Olivier andN. H. Fischer. 1980. Tetraludin D to N, eleven new melampolides fromTetragonotheca ludoviciana. Phytochemistry19: 1485.
—,A. Romo de Vivar andT. Ríos. 1978.Calea zacatechichi components. Structure of calein A and B. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.9: 86.
———. 1979. Revision of the structures of caleine A and B, germacranoline sesquiterpenes fromCalea zacatechichi. Phytochemistry18: 1745.
—,A. Ortega, T. Rios andA. Romo de Vivar. 1975. Estructura de las zinaflorinas, nuevas lactonas sesquiterpénicas, aisladas deZinnia pauciflora L. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.6: 94.
Quirishi, M. A., K. L. Dhar andC. K. Atal. 1980. A new sesquiterpene lactone fromInula royleana roots. Pl. Med.38: 282.
Raghaven, R., K. R. Ravindranath, G. K. Trivedi, S. K. Pakmikar andS. C. Bhattacharyya. 1969. Inunolide—a new sesquiterpene lactone fromInula racemosa root. Indian J. Chem.7: 310; Chem. Abstr.70: 115345 (1969).
Raffauf, R. F., P. K. C. Huang, P. W. LeQuesne, S. B. Levery andT. F. Brennan. 1975. Eremantholide A, a novel tumor-inhibiting compound fromEremanthus elaeagus Schultz-Bip. (Compositae). J. Amer. Chem. Soc.97: 6884.
Rao, A. S., G. R. Kelkar andS. C. Bhattacharyya. 1960. The structure of costunolide, a new sesquiterpene lactone fromCostus-root oil. Tetrahedron9: 275.
—,A. P. Sadgopal andS. C. Bhattacharyya. 1961. Structure of saussurea lactone. Tetrahedron13: 319.
Raszeja, W. andSt. Gill. 1977. Isolation and identification of psilostachyin B fromAmbrosia artemisiifolia L. Pl. Med.32: 319.
Ravindranath, K. R., S. K. Paknikar, G. K. Trivedi andS. C. Bhattacharyya. 1978. Structure and stereochemistry of inunolide, dihydroinunolide and neoalantolactone. Ind. J. Chem.16B: 27.
Renold, W. 1970. The chemistry and infraspecific variation of sesquiterpene lactones inAmbrosia confertiflora DC. (Compositae): A chemosystematic study at the populational level. Ph.D. Thesis, The University of Texas at Austin.
—,H. Yoshioka andT. J. Mabry. 1970. Chihuahuin, a new germacranolide fromAmbrosia confertiflora DC. (Compositae). J. Organ. Chem. (USA)35: 4264.
Revazova, L. V., P. V. Chugunov andD. Pakaln. 1970. Deacetylmatricarin fromArtemisia incana. Khim. Prir. Soedin.6: 372; Chem. Abstr.73: 117180g (1970).
Rios, T., A. Romo de Vivar andJ. Romo. 1967. Stevin, a new pseudoguaianolide isolated fromStevia rhombifolia HBK. Tetrahedron23: 4265.
Robins, D. J. 1978. Senecioneae—chemical review. Page 831in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 2. Academic Press, London.
Robinson, H. 1978. Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). XII. Re-establishment of the genusSmallanthus. Phytologia39: 47.
-. 1981. A revision of the tribal and subtribal limits of the Heliantheae. Smith. Cont. to Bot. No. 51.
—,F. Bohlmann andR. M. King. 1980. Chemosystematic notes on the Asteraceae III. Natural subdivisions of the Vernonieae. Phytologia46: 421.
— andR. M. King. 1978. Eupatorieae—systematic review. Page 437in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 1. Academic Press, London.
Rodríguez, E. 1975. The chemistry and distribution of sesquiterpene lactones and flavonoids inParthenium (Compositae): Systematic and ecological implications. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Texas at Austin.
— andT. J. Mabry. 1978. Tageteae—chemical review. Page 786in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 2. Academic Press, London.
—,G. H. N. Towers andJ. C. Mitchell. 1976. Biological activities of sesquiterpene lactones. Phytochemistry15: 1573.
—,H. Yoshioka andT. J. Mabry. 1972. Sesquiterpene lactone chemistry ofParthenium fruticosum andP. schottii. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.2: 184; Chem. Abstr.76: 153956k (1972).
———. 1971. The sesquiterpene lactone chemistry of the genusParthenium (Compositae). Phytochemistry10: 1145.
Rodríguez-Hahn, L., A. Guzmán andJ. Romo. 1968. Constituents ofCacalia decomposita IV. Structure and decomposition Tetrahedron24: 477.
— andJ. Rodríguez. 1972. Resinone, anew triterpene fromFlourensia resinosa. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.4: 148; Chem. Abstr.79: 15861m (1973).
Romanuk, M., V. Herout andF. Sôrm. 1956. The constitution of dehydrocostuslactone. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.21: 894.
Romo, J., P. Joseph-Nathan andF. Díaz. 1964. The constituents ofHelenium aromaticum (Hook.) Bailey. The structures of aromatin and aromaticin. Tetrahedron20: 79.
——,A. Romo de Vivar andC. Alvarez. 1967. The structure of peruvinin, a pseudoguaianolide isolated fromAmbrosia peruviana Willd. Tetrahedron23: 529.
—— andG. Siade. 1966. The structure of cumanin, a constituent ofAmbrosia cumanensis. Tetrahedron22: 1499.
—,T. Rios andL. Quijano. 1968. Ligustrin, a guaianolide isolated fromEupatorium ligustrinum DC. Tetrahedron24: 6087.
— andL. Rodríguez-Hahn. 1970. Canambrin, a new sesquiterpene dilactone fromAmbrosia canescens. Phytochemistry9: 1611.
—,A. Romo de Vivar andE. Díaz. 1968. The guaianolides ofAmbrosia cumanensis HBK. The structures of cumambrins A and B. Tetrahedron24: 5625.
—— andM. Aguilar. 1969. Natural products from Compositae species. Neohelenalin. Bol. Inst. Quím. Univ. Nac. Autón. Mexico21: 66.
-,-, andP. Joseph-Nathan. 1966. The structure of mexicanin H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1029.
———. 1967. The constituents ofZaluzania augusta. The structures of zaluzanins A and B. Tetrahedron23: 29.
—— andW. Herz. 1963. Constituents ofHelenium species. XIV. The structure of mexicanin E. Tetrahedron19: 2317.
——,A. Ortega, E. Díaz andM. A. Carino. 1971. Las estructuras de la zinarosina y de la dihydrozinarosina, componentes de laZinnia acerosa (DC.) Gray. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím2: 24.
——,R. Trevino, P. Joseph-Nathan andE. Díaz. 1970. Constituents ofArtemisia andChrysanthemum species. The structure of chrysartemins A and B. Phytochemistry9: 1615.
——,A. Vélez andE. Urbina. 1968. Franserin and confertin: New pseudoguaianolides isolated fromFranseria andAmbrosia species. Canad. J. Chem.146: 1535.
— andH. Tello. 1972. Estudio de laArtemisia mexicana. Armexina, un nuevo santanólido cuya lactona posee fusión cis. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.3: 122; Chem. Abstr.78: 121339m (1973).
Romo de Vivar, A., M. Aguilar, H. Yoshioka, E. Rodríguez, A. Higo, J. A. Mears andT. J. Mabry. 1970. New pseudoguaianolides fromParthenium confertum Gray (Compositae). Tetrahedron26: 2775.
—,E. Bratoeff, E. Ontiveros, D. C. Lankin andN. S. Bhacca. 1980. Viguilenin, a germacranolide fromViguiera linearis. Phytochemistry19: 1795.
—,E. A. Bratoeff andT. Ríos. 1966. Structure of hysterin, a new sesquiterpene lactone. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)31: 673.
—,A. Cabrera, A. Ortega andJ. Romo. 1967. Constituents ofZaluzania species—II. Structures of zaluzanin C and zaluzanin D. Tetrahedron23: 3903.
—,G. Delgado, C. Guerrero, J. Resendiz andA. Ortega. 1978. Estudio de viguieras. Estructura de la viguiepinina y correción de la viguiestenina. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.9: 171.
— andG. González. 1971. Aislamiento de la lactona dihydrocostus. Preparación de espiroepóxidos de lactonas sesquiterpénicas. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.2: 142; Chem. Abstr.76: 46326h (1972).
—,C. Guerrero andG. Wittgreen. 1970. Los terpenoides deParthenium incanum HBK. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.1: 39; Chem. Abstr.74: 88165u (1971).
——,E. Díaz, E. A. Bratoeff andL. Jiménez. 1976. The germacranolides ofViguiera buddleiaeformis. Structures of budlein A and B. Phytochemistry15: 525.
——— andA. Ortega. 1970. Structure and stereochemistry of zexbrevin A3 (2H) furanone germacranolide. Tetrahedron26: 1657.
—— andG. Wittgreen. 1970. Terpenoids fromParthenium incanum HBK. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.1: 39; Chem. Abstr.74: 88165u (1971).
——. 1965. Structure of santamarine, a new sesquiterpene lactone. Tetrahedron21: 1741.
— andA. Ortega. 1969. Structures of bahia-I and bahia-II, two new guaianolides. Canad. J. Chem.47: 2849.
—,A. L. Pérez, H. Flores, L. Rodríguez-Hahn andM. Jiménez. 1978. Confertdiolide, a novel sesquiterpenoid lactone fromParthenium. Phytochemistry17: 279.
—,L. Rodríguez-Hahn, J. Romo, M. V. Lakshmikantham, R. N. Mirrington, J. Kagan andW. Herz. 1966. Constituents ofHelenium species—XIX. Further transformations of helenalin and its congeners. The 1-epihelanalin and 1-epiambrosin series. Tetrahedron22: 3279.
-and J. Romo. 1959. Constituents ofHelenium mexicanum HBK. Chem. Ind. 882.
—,F. Vázquez andC. Zetina. 1977. Sesquiterpene lactones ofArtemisia mexicana var.angustifolia. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.8: 127.
Rosenthal, G. A. andE. A. Bell. 1979. Naturally-occurring toxic non-protein amino acids. Page 353in G. A. Rosenthal and D. H. Janzen (eds.). Herbivores: Their interaction with secondary plant metabolites. Academic Press, New York.
Ruban, G., V. Zabel, K. H. Gensch andH. Smalla. 1978. The crystal structure and absolute configuration of lactucin. Acta Crystall. B34: 1163.
Rüesch, H. andT. J. Mabry. 1969. The isolation and structure of tetraneurin A, a new pseudoguaianolide fromParthenium alpinum var.tetraneuris (Compositae). Tetrahedron25: 805.
Rustaiyan, A. andL. Nazarians. 1977. Isolation of the sesquiterpene lactone deacetoxymatricarin fromAchillea eriophora DC. Fitoterapia48: 175.
—— andF. Bohlmann. 1979. Two new germacranolides fromOnopordon leptolepis DC. Phytochemistry18: 883.
———. 1979. Two new elemanolides fromOnopordon leptolepis. Phytochemistry18: 879.
———. 1980. Germacranolides fromErlangea cordifolia. Phytochemistry19: 1230.
———. 1981. Guaianolides fromAcroptilon repens. Phytochemistry20: 1152.
—,A. Niknejad, F. Bohlmann andA. Schuster. 1981. A guaianolide fromJurinea carduiformis. Phytochemistry20: 1154.
—— andL. Nazarians. 1978. Isolation and structure determination of naturally-occurring sesquiterpene lactone from Compositae. Pazhoohandeh (Tehran)21: 183; Chem. Abstr.92: 143262x (1980).
Ruzicka, L., P. Pieth, T. Reichstein andL. Ehinann. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der Alantolactone. Synthese des l,4-dimethyl-6-isopropyl und des 1,5-dimethyl-7-isopropylnaphthalins. Helv. Chim. Acta16: 268.
Rybalko, K. S. 1965. Isolation of mibulactone fromArtemisia taurica. Khim. Prir. Soedin. 142; Chem. Abstr.63: 6786f (1965).
— andL. Dolejs. 1961. Structure of tauremisin, a sesquiterpenic lactone of santonine type fromArtemisia taurica Willd. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.26: 2909.
—,O. A. Konovalova, N. D. Orishchenko andA. L. Shreter. 1976. Lactones of some species of the genusSaussurea DC. Rastit. Resur.12: 387; Chem. Abstr. 85: 174252d (1976).
-, -,and E. F. Petrova. 1976. Orientin, a new sesquiterpene lactone fromSigesbeckia orientalis. Khim. Prir. Soedin. 394; Chem. Abstr.85: 124182k (1976).
—,P. S. Massagetov andR. I. Evstratova. 1963. Sesquiterpene lactones from some forms of wormwood. Med. Prom., SSSR17: 41; Chem. Abstr.59: 11888d (1963).
Rydberg, P. A. 1927. Carduaceae (Carduales). Liabeae, Neurolaeneae, Senecioneae (Pars.). N. Amer. F1.34: 289.
Saitoh, T., T. A. Geissman, T. G. Waddell, W. Herz andS. V. Bhat. 1971. Sesquiterpene lactones ofEriophyllum confertiflorum (DC.) Gray. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.2: 69; Chem. Abstr.75: 129952q (1971).
Saleh, A. A., G. A. Cordell and N. R. Farnsworth. 1977. Acanthamolide, a melampolide amide fromAcanthospermum glabratum (Compositae). Chem. Commun. 376.
Salmon, M., E. Díaz andA. Ortega. 1973. Christinine, a new epoxyguaianolide fromStevia serrata Cav. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)38: 1759.
—,A. Ortega andE. Díaz. 1975. Structure and stereochemistry of a new germacrane sesquiterpene lactone. Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.6: 45; Chem. Abstr.83: 193528y (1975).
Salo, D. P., M. M. Pashehenko, G. P. Pivenko, I. N. Matvienko andA. D. Avdenin. 1973. Medicinal forms from the plant ofXanthium riparium and preliminary data of their experimental study. Farm. Zh. (Kiev)28: 68; Chem. Abstr.79: 27209t (1973).
Samek, Z., M. Holub, B. Drozdz, G. Jommi, A. Corbella and P. Gariboldi. 1971. Sesquiterpenic lactones of theCynara scolymus L. species. Tetrahedron Lett. 4775.
——,H. Grabarczyk, B. Drozdz andV. Herout. 1973. Structure of sesquiterpenic lactones fromTanacetum vulgare L. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.38: 1971.
—————. 1977. The structure of hydroxyisonobilin—a cytostatically active sesquiterpene lactone from the leaves ofAnthemis nobilis L. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.42: 1065.
-, -,V. Herout and F. Sôrm. 1969. Revision of the structure of cnicin. Tetrahedron Lett. 2931.
——,V. J. Novikov, J. N. Forostjan andD. P. Popa. 1970. The structure of ivoxanthin, a sesquiterpenic lactone fromCyclachaena xanthifolia Fresen. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.35: 3818.
-, -,U. Rychlewska. H. Grabarczyk and B. Drozdz. 1979. Germacral(10),4-diene-cis-6,12-olides: A novel stereochemical group of natural sesquiterpene lactones fromUrsinia anthemoides (L.) Poiret. Tetrahedron Lett. 2691.
—,J. Harmatha, L. Novotny andF. Sôrm. 1969. Terpenes. CCII. Absolute configuration of adenostylone, neoadenostylone and isoadenostylone fromAdenostyles alliarieae and of decomposistine fromCacalia decomposisita. Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm.34: 2792; Chem. Abstr.71: 91676e (1969).
—,M. Holub, E. Bloszyk, B. Drozdz andV. Herout. 1975. Relative and absolute configuration of the sesquiterpenic lactone erivanin. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.40: 2676.
——,B. Drozdz andH. Grabarczyk. 1977. Arctolide, a new sesquiterpenic lactone fromArctotis grandis Thunb. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.42: 2217.
———— andB. Hladon. 1977. Xerantholide—a new cytotoxically active sesquiterpene lactone fromXeranthenum cylindraceum. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.42: 2441.
——,K. Vokac, B. Drozdz, G. Jommi, P. Gariboldi andA. Corbella. 1972. The structure of grosheimin. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.37: 2611.
Sánches Parareda, I., J. Sánches Parareda andJ. M. Viguera. 1968. Stenophyllolide, a new sesquiterpene lactone. An. Chim.64: 633; Chem. Abstr.70: 37933c (1969).
Sánchez-Viesca, F. andJ. Romo. 1963. Estafiatin, a new sesquiterpene lactone isolated fromArtemisia mexicana (Willd.). Tetrahedron19: 1285.
Satoda, I., N. Yoshidaand E. Yoshii. 1960. Extraction of lumisantonin fromArtemisia plants. Japan 4127; Chem. Abstr.54: 23213b (1960).
———. 1959. Isolation of lumisantonin fromArtemisia kurramensis. J. Pharm. Soc. Japan79: 267; Chem. Abstr.53: 11532h (1959).
Schenck, G., H. Graf andW. Schreber. 1939. Bitter substances from the latex ofLactuca virosa. Isolation of lactucin and lactucopicrin. Arch. Pharm. Deutsch.277: 137.
Schneider, G. andK. Thiele. 1974. Properties and determination of the bitter principle cynaropicrin inCynara. Pl. Med.25: 149; Chem. Abstr.81: 35534b (1974).
——. 1974. Distribution of the bitter principle cynaropicrin inCynara. Pl. Med.26: 174; Chem. Abstr.82: 54198g (1975).
Schulz, K. H., B. M. Hausen, L. Wallhoefer andP. Schmidt-Loeffler. 1975. Chrysanthemum allergy. Experimental studies on the causative agents. Arch. Dermatol. Forsch.251: 235; Chem. Abstr.82: 110222z (1975).
Seaman, F. C. 1976. A comparative phytochemical study of ten Sonoran Desert speciesof Ambrosia (Asteraceae). Doctoral Thesis. University of Texas at Austin.
— andN. H. Fischer. 1978. Longipilin, a new melampolide fromMelampodium longipilum (Heliantheae, Compositae). Phytochemistry17: 2131.
——. 1979. Longipin, a new melampolide fromMelampodium longipes (Heliantheae, Compositae). Phytochemistry18: 1065.
——. 1980. Six new melampolides fromTetragonotheca helianthoides. Phytochemistry19: 583.
——. 1980. New germacrolideand heliangolide-type sesquiterpene lactones fromMelampodium linearilobum. Phytochemistry19: 849.
—— andT. F. Stuessy. 1980. Systematic implication of sesquiterpene lactones in the subtribe Melampodiinae. Biochem. System. Ecol.8: 263.
—,G. P. Juneau, D. R. di Feo, S. Jungk andN. H. Fischer. 1979. Repandin A, B, C and D, four new germacranolides fromTetragonotheca repanda (Compositae). J. Organ. Chem. (USA)44: 3400.
— andT. J. Mabry. 1979. Sesquiterpene lactones of diploid and tetraploidAmbrosia camphorata. Biochem. System. Ecol.7: 3.
——. 1979. Sesquiterpene lactone patterns in diploid and polyploidAmbrosia dumosa. Biochem. System. Ecol.7: 7.
——. 1979. Dumosin, a new secoambrosanolide fromAmbrosia dumosa (Gray) Payne (Compositae). Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.10: 85.
——. 1979. Sesquiterpene lactones and species relationships among the shrubbyAmbrosia taxa. Biochem. System. Ecol.7: 105.
Segal, R., S. Sokoloff, B. Haran, D. V. Zaitschek andD. Lichtenberg. 1977. New sesquiterpene lactones fromArtemisia herba-alba. Phytochemistry16: 1237.
Seigler, D. S., D. H. Wilken andJ. J. Jakupeak. 1974. Chemical data related to the tribal affinities ofHulsea andArnica. Biochem. System. Ecol.2: 21.
Semmler, F. W. andJ. Feldstein. 1914. Zur Kenntnis der Bestandteile der Ätherischen Öle (Über das Vorkommen einer Säure C15H22O2 und Zweier Lactone C15H22O2 und C15H20O2 im Costuswurzelöl). Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.47: 2433.
Serkerov, S. V. 1977. A study of badkhyzinin. Khim. Prir. Soedin.13: 787; English ed. p. 663.
—,R. M. Abbasov andA. N. Aleskerova. 1976. Sesquiterpene lactones fromArtemisia hanseniana. Khim. Prir. Soedin.12: 661; Chem. Abstr.86: 103081g (1977).
— andA. N. Aleskerova. 1978. The structure of a sesquiterpene lactone fromArtemisia fragrans. Khim. Prir. Soedin.14: 75; English ed. p. 59.
Shafizadeh, F. andN. R. Bhadane. 1972. Sesquiterpene lactones of sagebrush. New guaianolides fromArtemisia cana ssp.viscidula. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)37: 3168.
——. 1972. Badgerin, a new germacranolide fromArtemisia arbuscula spp.arbuscula. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)37: 274.
——. 1973. Sesquiterpene lactones ofArtemisia arbuscula andA. tridentata. Phytochemistry12: 857.
—— andR. G. Kelsey. 1974. Sesquiterpene lactones of sagebrush. Constituents ofArtemisia tripartita. Phytochemistry13: 669.
——,M. S. Morris, R. G. Kelsey andS. N. Khanna. 1971. Sesquiterpene lactones of big sagebrush. Phytochemistry10: 2745.
Sham’yanov, I. D., A. Mallabaev, V. Rakhmankulov andG. P. Sidyakin. 1976. Sesquiterpene lactones ofSaussurea elegans. Khim. Prir. Soedin.12: 819; Chem. Abstr.86: 136305m (1977).
—— andG. P. Sidyakin. 1978. Structure of the sesquiterpene lactone elegin. Khim. Prir. Soedin.14: 442; Chem. Abstr.89: 197740h (1978).
Shibata, H. andS. Shimizu. 1978. Three chemovars ofPetasites japonicus Maxim. Agric. Biol. Chem.42: 1427; Chem. Abstr.89: 193827u (1978).
Shirahata, K., T. Kato, Y. Kitahara andN. Abe. 1969. Constituents of genusPetasites. Bakkenolide-A, a sesquiterpene of novel carbon skeleton. Tetrahedron25: 3179.
Silva, M. 1967. Constituents ofHelenium plantagineum. J. Pharm. Sci.56: 922; Chem. Abstr.67: 51040d (1967).
Sims, J. J. andK. A. Berryman. 1972. Virginin. A sesquiterpene lactone fromEncelia virginensis. Phytochemistry11: 444.
Simonovic, D. M., A. S. Rao andS. C. Bhattacharyya. 1963. The synthesis of tetrahydrosaussurea lactone. Tetrahedron19: 1061.
Snatzke, G. 1968. Stereochemistry of sesquiterpenes and circular dichroism. Mezhdunar, Kongr. Efirnym. Maslam. [Mater.]4: 316; Chem. Abstr.78: 124746c (1973).
Soucek, M., V. Herout andF. Sôrm. 1961. Constitution of parthenolide. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.26: 803.
Spitzer, J. C. andC. Steelink. 1967. Isolation of matricin fromArtemisia caruthii. J. Pharm. Sci.56: 650; Chem. Abstr.67: 22030v (1967).
Stagno d’Alcontres, G., M. Gattuso, M. C. Aversa and C. Caristi. 1973. The structure of graveolide, a new sesquiterpene lactone. Gazz. Chim. Ital. 239; Chem. Abstr. 79: 53614r (1973).
Stahl, E. and S. N. Datta. 1972. New sesquiterpenoids of the ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea Liebigs). Ann. Chem. 757; Chem. Abstr.77: 98721y (1972).
Stefanovic, M., A. Jokic, A. Behbud and D. Jeremic. 1976. New sesquiterpenic lactones fromAmbrosia artemisiifolia L. 8-acetoxy-3-pseudoguaian-6,12-olide and 4hydroxy-3-oxo-pseudoguaian-6,12-olide. Bull. Acad. Serbe. Sci. Arts Cl. Sci. Math. Nat. Sci. Nat. 54; Chem. Abstr.87: 35891q (1977).
St. Pyrek, J. 1977. Isolation of gaillardin from flowers ofInula britannica L. Rocz. Chem.51: 1277; Chem. Abstr.87: 197230a (1977).
—. 1977. Terpenes of Compositae plants. Part V. Sesquiterpene lactones ofLactuca serriola L. The structure of 8-deoxylactucin and the site of esterification of lactupicrin. Rocz. Chem.51: 2165.
Stoutamire, W. 1977. Chromosome races ofGaillardia pulchella (Asteraceae). Brittonia29: 297.
Stuessy, T. F. 1971. Systematic relationships in the white-rayed species ofMelampodium (Compositae). Brittonia23: 177.
—. 1978. Heliantheae—systematic review. Page 621in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 2. Academic Press, London.
Suchy, M. 1962. The structure of balchanin, a sesquiterpenic lactone of santonin type fromArtemisia balchanorum. H. Krash. Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm.27: 2925.
—,L. Dolejs, V. Herout, F. Sôrm, G. Snatzke andJ. Himmelreich. 1969. The constitution of jurineolide, a new germacranolide fromJurinea cyanoides (L.) Rchb. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.34: 229.
—,V. Herout andF. Sôrm. 1960. On hydrogenation products of cynaropicrin, the bitter principle of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.). Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.25: 507.
———. 1960. Structure of cynaropicrin. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.25: 2777.
———. 1963. Lactones of the germacranolide group and their stereochemical relationship. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.28: 1715.
———. 1963. The proof of existence and structure of hydroxycostunolide, a sesquiterpenic lactone of germacrane type inArtemisia balchanorum H. Krash. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.28: 1618.
———. 1963. On terpenes CLV. Structure of damsine, a sesquiterpenic lactone fromAmbrosia maritima L. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.28: 2257.
———. 1962. Isolation and structure of scabiolide. Further sesquiterpene lactone with a ten-membered ring in molecule. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.27: 1905.
———. 1964. Proof of structure of guaianolides artabsin and arborescin. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.29: 1829.
———. 1965. The structure of salonitolide, a sesquiterpenic lactone of germacrane type fromCentaurea salonitana Vis. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.30: 2863.
—,Z. Samek, V. Herout andF. Sôrm. 1967. The structure of salonitenolide, a sesquiterpenic lactone of germacrane type fromCentaurea salonitana Vis. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.32: 2016.
————. 1968. The structure and absolute configuration of scabiolide. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.33: 2238.
————. 1967. Constitution and configuration of albicolide, a new germacranolide fromJurinea albicaulis. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.32: 3934.
———,R. B. Bates, G. Snatzke andF. Sôrm. 1967. Constitution and configuration of pelenolides, a new group of sesquiterpene lactone germacranolides. Collect. Czech. Chem. Comm.32: 3917.
Sumi, M. 1958. The constitution and stereochemistry of artemisin. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.80: 4869.
Sundararaman, P., R. S. McEwen and W. Herz. 1973. Constituents ofIva species. Stereochemistry of parthemollin and related xanthanolides. Tetrahedron Lett. 3809.
Swain, T. andC. A. Williams. 1978. Heliantheae—chemical review. Page 673in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 2. Academic Press, London.
Tada, M., Y. Moriyama, Y. Tanahashi andT. Takahashi. 1974. Furanoeremophilane6β, 10β-diol and its derivatives. New furanosesquiterpenes fromLigularia japonica Less. Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan47: 1999.
-, -, -, -. 1971. New furanosesquiterpenes fromLigularia japonica Less. Tetrahedron Lett. 4007.
Takahashi, T., H. Eto, T. Ichimura and T. Murae. 1978. Hiyodorilactones A and B, new tumor inhibitory germacradienolides fromEupatorium sachalinense Makino. Chem. Lett. 1345.
Takeda, K., H. Tada and H. Minato. 1971. Components of the root ofLindera strychnifolia. Neosericenyl acetate and dehydrolindestrenolide. J. Chem. Soc. C: 1070.
Tanaka, N., T. Yazawa, K. Aoyama andT. Murakami. 1976. Chemical studies on the constituents of theXanthium canadense Mill. Chem. Pharm. Bull.24: 1419; Chem. Abstr.85: 106647m (1976).
Tarasov, V. A., N. D. Abdullaev, S. Z. Kasymov andG. P. Sidyakin. 1976. Chrysartemin B, a sesquiterpene lactone fromHandelia trichophylla. Khim. Prir. Soedin.12: 667; Chem. Abstr.86: 117598t (1977).
-, -, -and -. 1976. Hanphyllin, a new germacranolide fromHandelia trichophylla. Khim. Prir. Soedin. 263; Chem. Abstr.85: 143313v (1976).
————. 1974. Cumambrin A—a sesquiterpene lactone fromHandelia trichophylla. Khim. Prir. Soedin.10: 799; English ed. p. 826; Chem. Abstr.82: 152142d (1975).
———— andM. R. Yagudaev. 1976. Structure of handelin, a new diguaianolide fromHandelia trichophylla. Khim. Prir. Soedin.6: 745; Chem. Abstr.88: 7079h (1978).
-,S. Z. Kasymov and G. P. Sidyakin. 1976. Sesquiterpene lactones fromHandelia trichophylla. Khim. Prir. Soedin. 113; Chem. Abstr.85: 59573x (1976).
———. 1971. The structure of the sesquiterpene lactone arsubin. Khim. Prir. Soedin.7: 745; English ed. p. 722; Chem. Abstr.76: 127172g (1972).
———. 1973. Structure and configuration of arsubin. Khim. Prir. Soedin.9: 676; English ed. p. 649.
Taylor, R. L., L. Marchand andC. W. Crompton. 1964. Cytological observations on theArtemisia tridentata (Compositae) complex in British Columbia. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol.6: 42.
Tettweiler, K., O. Engel andE. Wedekind. 1932. Uber die Konstitution des Artemisins. Ann. Chem. Deutsch.492: 105.
Thiessen, W. E., H. Hope, N. Zarghami, D. E. Heinz, P. Deuel and E. A. Hahn. 1969. A new sesquiterpene lactone fromCentaurea solstitialis L. (yellow star thistle). Chem. Ind. 460.
Thorns, H. 1891. Über einige Chemische Bestandteile der Blüten vonChrysanthemum cinerariaefolium. Ber. Deutsch. Pharm. Ges. 471; Chem. Zentralbl. 670, Band 2.
Tillyaev, K. S., K. K. Khalmatov, I. Primukhamedov andM. A. Talipova. 1973. Chemical characterization ofAchillea millefolium growing in Uzbekistan. Rast. Resur.9: 58; Chem. Abstr.78: 121284q (1973).
Tira, S., C. Galetti andE. Mirande delle Monache. 1969. Nuclear magnetic resonance study of flavonoids. Flavones fromAntennaria dioica. Ann. Chem. (Rome)59: 284; Chem. Abstr.71: 70882d (1969).
Tolstykh, L. P., V. I. Scheichenko, A. I. Ban’kovskii andK. S. Rybalko. 1968. Artemin—a new sesquiterpene lactone fromArtemisia taurica. Khim. Prir. Soedin.4: 384; English ed. p. 326.
Tomassini, T. C. B. andB. Gilbert. 1972. α-cyclocostunolide and dihydro-β-cyclocostunolide fromMoquinea velutina. Phytochemistry11: 1177.
Tomczyk, H. andW. Kisiel. 1975. Sesquiterpene lactones ofHelenium tenuifolium. Pol. J. Pharmacol. Pharm.27: 101; Chem. Abstr.83: 4994p (1975).
Toribio, F. P. andT. A. Geissman. 1969. Sesquiterpene lactones ofHymenoclea monogyra. Phytochemistry8: 313.
——. 1968. Sesquiterpene lactones. New lactone fromHymenoclea salsola T. and G. Phytochemistry7: 1623.
Torrance, S. J., T. A. Geissman andM. R. Chedekel. 1969. Sesquiterpene lactones. The constituents ofEriophyllum confertiflorum. Phytochemistry8: 2381.
— andS. C. Steelink. 1974. New monoterpenes fromArtemisia filifolia Torrey. Structure, synthesis, rearrangements and biosynthesis. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)39: 1068.
Toubiana, R. 1969. Structure de l’hydroxyvernolide, nouvel ester sesquiterpenique isolée duVernonia colorata Drake. Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. Paris, Series C268: 82.
-,and A. Gaudemer. 1967. Structure du vernolide, nouvel ester sesquiterpenique isolée deVernonia colorata. Tetrahedron Lett. 1333.
—,B. Mompon, Chi Man Ho andM. J. Toubiana. 1975. Isolement du vernodalin et du vernolepin a partir deVernonia guineensis: Authenticité du squelette elemane. Phytochemistry14: 775.
-,M. J. Toubiana and B. C. Das. 1972. Structure du confertolide, nouveau germacranolide isolée deVernonia conferta (Composee). Tetrahedron Lett. 207.
-, -,K. Tori and K. Kuriyama. 1974. Absolute configuration and conformation of confertolide, a germacranolide isolated fromVernonia conferta. Tetrahedron Lett. 1753.
Tsankova, E., U. J. Kempe, T. Norin andI. Ognyanov. 1981. Apressin, a guaianolide of the endoperoxide type fromAchillea depressa. Phytochemistry20: 1436.
Turner, B. L. 1977. Summary of the biology of the Compositae. Page 1105in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 2. Academic Press, London.
—. 1981. New species and combinations inVernonia sectionsLeiboldia andLepidonia (Asteraceae), with a revisional conspectus of the groups. Brittonia33: 401.
— andA. M. Powell. 1978. Helenieae—systematic review. Page 699in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 2. Academic Press, London.
— andM. Whalen. 1975. Taxonomic study ofGaillardia pulchella (Asteraceae—Heliantheae). Wrightia5: 189.
Tutin, T. G., K. Persson andW. Gutermann. 1976.Artemisia. Page 178in T. G. Tutin, V. H. Heywood, N. A. Burges, D. M. Moore, D. H. Valentine, S. M. Walters and D. A. Webb (eds.). Flora Europaea. Vol. 4. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Usynina, R. V., L. I. Olishevets, V. V. Dudka andE. B. Martin. 1976. Lactones fromArtemisia compacta. Khim. Prir. Soedin.6: 809; Chem. Abstr.86: 103058e (1977).
Van Etten, C. H. andH. L. Tookey. 1979. Chemistry and biological effects of glucosinolates. Page 471in G. A. Rosenthal and D. H. Janzen (eds.). Herbivores: Their interaction with secondary metabolites. Academic Press, New York.
Vanhaelen-Fastre, R. andM. Vanhaelen. 1974. Presence of salonitenolide inCnicus benedictus. Pl. Med.26: 375; Chem. Abstr.82: 108835h (1975).
Vichnewski, W. andB. Gilbert. 1972. Schistosomicidal sesquiterpene lactone fromEremanthus elaeagnus. Phytochemistry11: 2563.
—,W. Herz andN. Kumar. 1979. A lactone analogue of germacrone. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)44: 2575.
—,J. N. C. Lopes, D. D. S. Filho andW. Herz. 1976. 15-deoxygoyazensolide, a new heliangolide fromVanillosmopsis erythropappa. Phytochemistry15: 1775.
————. 1976. Goyazensolide, a schistosomicidal heliangolide fromEremanthus goyazensis. Phytochemistry15: 191.
—,I. K. Shuhama, R. C. Rosanske andW. Herz. 1976. Granilin and ivasperin fromAmbrosia polystachya. 13C-NMR spectra of hydroxylated isoalantones. Phytochemistry15: 1531.
—,F. Welbaneida, L. Machado, J. A. Rabi, R. Murari andW. Herz. 1977. Eregoyazin and eregoyazidin, two new guaianolides fromEremanthus goyazensis. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)42: 3910.
Viehoever, A. andR. G. Capen. 1963. New sources of santonin. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.45: 1941.
Vogelzang, M. E., N. M. J. Vermeulen, D. J. J. Potgieter andH. F. Strauss. 1978. Ivalin inGeigeria aspera. Phytochemistry17: 2030.
Waddell, T. G. and T. A. Geissman. 1969. Paucin, a sesquiterpene lactone glucoside. Tetrahedron Lett. 515.
——. 1969. Sesquiterpene lactones. Constituents ofBaileya species. Phytochemistry8: 2371.
Wagner, H. 1978. Cynareae—chemical review. Page 1017in V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner (eds.). The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 2. Academic Press, London.
—,M. A. Iyengar andW. Herz. 1972. Flavone C-glycosides inHelenium species. Phytochemistry11: 446.
Watkins, S. F., J. D. Korp, I. Bernal, D. L. Perry, N. S. Bhacca andN. H. Fischer. 1978. Molecular structure of two derivatives of the germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone melnerin. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans.II: 599.
White, E. H. and R. E. K. Winter. 1963. Natural products fromAchillea lanulosa. Tetrahedron Lett. 137.
Wichmann, G. 1958. Biology of santonin in plants. I. The distribution of santonin and related compounds in the plant kingdom. Pharmazie Beih. Erganzungsband13: 481.
Willuhn, G. andH. D. Herrmann. 1976. Studies on the constituents ofArnica species. Two sesquiterpene lactones from the flowers ofArnica longifolia. Arch. Pharm.309: 333; Chem. Abstr.85: 17073d (1976).
——. 1979. Untersuchungen über die Inhaltsstoffe von Arnica-arten. Pl. Med.37: 325.
Winters, T. E., T. A. Geissman andD. Safire. 1969. Sesquiterpene lactones ofXanthium species. Xanthanol and isoxanthanol, and correlation of xanthinin with ivalbin. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)34: 153.
Witzel, D. A., G. W. Ivie andJ. W. Dollahite. 1976. Mammalian toxicity of helenalin, the toxic principle ofHelenium microcephalum DC. (smallhead sneezeweed). Am. J. Vet. Res.37: 859; Chem. Abstr.85: 117697d (1976).
Yabuta, G., J. S. Olsen andT. J. Mabry. 1978. Sesquiterpene lactones from the genusZaluzania (Compositae: Heliantheae). Rev. Latinoamer. Quím.9: 83.
Yamakawa, K., K. Nishitani andK. Azusawa. 1977. Chemical transformation of α-santonin into balchanin, colartin, and arbusculin A, B, C and E. Heterocycles8: 103.
Yanagita, M., S. Inayama and T. Kawamata. 1970. The stereostructures of pulchellidine and pulchellin. Tetrahedron Lett. 131.
-, -, -,and T. Okuna. 1969. Pulchellidine, a novel sesquiterpene alkaloid isolated fromGaillardia pulchella Foug. Tetrahedron Lett. 2073.
Yoshioka, H., A. Higo, T. J. Mabry, W. Herz andG. D. Anderson. 1971. Apachin, a new sesquiterpene lactone and other xanthanolides fromIva ambrosiaefolia. Phytochemistry10: 401.
— andT. J. Mabry. 1969. The structure and chemistry of isabelin. A new germacranolide dilactone fromAmbrosia psilostachya DC. (Compositae). Tetrahedron25: 4767.
——,N. Dennis andW. Herz. 1970. Structure and stereochemistry of pulchellin B, C, E and F. J. Organ. Chem. (USA)35: 627.
-, -and H. E. Miller. 1968. Isabelin, a germacranolide dilactone fromAmbrosia psilostachya. Chem. Commun. 1679.
—— andB. N. Timmerman. 1973. Sesquiterpene lactones: Chemistry, NMR and plant distribution. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo.
—W. Renold, N. H. Fischer, A. Higo andT. J. Mabry. 1970. Sesquiterpene lactones fromAmbrosia confertiflora (Compositae). Phytochemistry9: 823.
-, -,and T. J. Mabry. 1970. The structure of salonitenolide and the preferential C-8 relactonization of germacranolides containing C-6 and C-8 lactonizable α-oxygen groups. Chem. Commun. 148.
—,E. Rodríguez andT. J. Mabry. 1970. Tetraneurin-E and -F. New C-15 oxygenated pseudoguaianolides fromParthenium (Compositae). J. Organ. Chem. (USA)35: 2888.
—,H. Rüesch, E. Rodríguez, A. Higo, T. J. Mabry, J. G. Galzada Alan andX. A. Domínguez. 1970. Tetraneurin-B, -C and -D, new C14-oxygenated pseudoguaianolides fromParthenium (Compositae). Tetrahedron26: 2167.
Yoshitake, A. andT. A. Geissman. 1969. Sesquiterpene lactones ofBaileya species. Pleniradin and radiatin. Phytochemistry8: 1753.
Yunusov, A. I., N. D. Abdullaev, S. Z. Kasymov and G. P. Sidyakin. 1976. Tanachin, a new sesquiterpene lactone fromTanacetum pseudoachillea. Khim. Prir. Soedin. 263; Chem. Abstr.85: 177643t (1976).
-, -, -, -,and M. R. Yagudaev. 1976. Structure of tanachin. Khim. Prir. Soedin. 462; Chem. Abstr.85: 177660w (1976).
-,S. Z. Kasymov and G. P. Sidyakin. 1976. Tanapsin fromTanacetum pseudoachillea. Khim. Prir. Soedin. 261; Chem. Abstr.85: 117642s (1976).
———. 1973. Lactones ofTanacetum pseudoachillea. Khim. Prir. Soedin.9: 276; English ed. p. 267; Chem. Abstr.78: 159898f (1973).
———. 1975. Tanacin, a new germacranolide fromTanacetum pseudoachillea. Khim. Prir. Soedin.11: 262; Chem. Abstr.83: 59097d (1975).
—,G. P. Sidyakin andD. Kurbanov. 1978. Cumambrins A and B fromTanacetum santolina. Khim. Prir. Soedin.5: 656; Chem. Abstr.90: 51410z (1979).
Yusupov, M. I., S. Z. Kasymov, N. D. Abdullaev, G. P. Sidyakin andM. R. Yagudaev. 1977. A new lactone, isoridentin, fromAchillea biebersteinii. Khim. Prir. Soedin.13: 800; English ed. p. 674.
-,A. Mallabaev and G. P. Sidyakin. 1976. Lactones ofAchillea biebersteinii. Khim. Prir. Soedin. 396; Chem. Abstr.85: 106654m (1976).
Zakharov, P. I., P. B. Terent’ev, O. A. Konovalova andK. S. Rybalko. 1977. Mass spectrometric study of the sesquiterpene lactone grossmizin and its derivatives. Khim. Prir. Soedin.3: 344; Chem. Abstr.87: 184707m (1977).
Zakirov, S. K., S. Z. Kasymov, N. D. Abdullaev andG. P. Sidyakin. 1975. The structure of maximolide. Khim. Prir. Soedin.11: 261; English ed. p. 273.
-, -,V. Rakhmankulov and G. P. Sidyakin. 1976. Lactones ofArtemisia ashurbajevii. Khim. Prir. Soedin. 397; Chem. Abstr.85: 106655n (1976).
—— andG. P. Sidyakin. 1976. Sesquiterpene lactones fromJurinea maxima. Khim. Prir. Soedin.11: 656; English ed. p. 690; Chem. Abstr.84: 71430k (1976).
———. 1974. Lactones ofJurinea maxima. Khim. Prir. Soedin.10: 255; Chem. Abstr.81: 74890j (1974).
Zarghami, N. and D. E. Heinz. 1969. Solstitialin acetate. 1969. A sesquiterpene lactone fromCentaurea solstitialis L. (yellow star thistle). Chem. Ind. 1556.
Zdero, C., F. Bohlmann, H. Robinson andR. M. King. 1980. Neue Furanoeremophilanes ausGynoxys dielsiana. Phytochemistry19: 975.
————. 1981. Germacranolides fromProteopsis argentea. Phytochemistry20: 739.
Bohlmann, F. andA. Suwita. 1977. Neue furanoeremophilane ausLigularia vorobierii Worosh. Chem. Ber.110: 1759.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Reprints of this special issue [48(2)] may be obtained from: Publications Office, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458, USA. PRICE (includes postage and handling fee): U.S.ORDERS: $22.50NON-U.S. ORDERS: $24.50. (Payment in U.S. currency drawn on a U.S. bank. Thank you.)
An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02919191.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Seaman, F.C. Sesquiterpene lactones as taxonomic characters in the asteraceae. Bot. Rev 48, 121–594 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02919190
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02919190