Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Tryptase and chymase, markers of distinct types of human mast cells

  • Human Mast Cells
  • Published:
Immunologic Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. Enerback, L.: Mast cells in rat gastrointestinal mucosa. II. Dye binding and metachromatic properties. Acta pathol. microbiol. scand.66: 303–312 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Enerback, L.; Lundin, P.M.: Ultrastructure of mucosal mast cell in normal and compound 48/80 treated rats. Cell Tiss. Res.150: 95 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Befus, A.D.: Pearce, F.L.; Gauldie, J.; Horsewood, P.; Bienenstock, J.: Mucosal mast cells. I. Isolation and functional characteristics of rat intestinal mast cells. J. Immun.128: 2475–2480 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Pearce, F.R.; Befus, A.D.; Gauldie, J.; Bienenstock, J.: Mucosal mast cells. II. Effects of antiallergic compounds on histamine secretion by isolated intestinal mast cells. J. Immun.128: 2481–2486 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Barrett, K.E.; Metcalfe, D.D.: Mast cell heterogeneity: evidence and implications. J. clin. Immunol.4: 253–261 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Tas, J.; Berndsen, R.G.: Does heparin occur in mucosal mast cells of the rat small intestine? J. Histochem. Cytochem.25: 1058–1062 (1977).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Katz, H.R.; Stevens, R.L.; Austen, K.F.: Leukotriene and prostaglandin pathway metabolism. Heterogeneity of mammalian mast cells differentiated in vivo and in vitro. J. Allergy clin. Immunol.76: 250–259 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Irani, A.A.; Schechter, N.M.; Craig, S.S.; DeBlois, G.; Schwartz, L.B.: Two human mast cell subsets with distinct neutral protease compositions. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. USA83: 4464–4468 (1986).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Schwartz, L.B.; Irani, A.A.; Roller, K.; Castells, M.C.; Schechter, N.M.: Quantitation of histamine, tryptase and chymase in dispersed human T and TC mast cells. J. Immun.138: 2611–2615 (1987).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Craig, S.S.; Schechter, N.M.; Schwartz, L.B.: Ultrastructural analyses of human T and TC mast cells identified by immunoelectron microscopy. Lab. Invest.58: 682–691 (1988).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Church, M.K.; J.-K., G.; Pao, K.; Holgate, S.T.: Characterization of histamine secretion from dispersed human lung mast cells: effects of anti-IgE, calcium ionophore A23187, compound 48/80 and basic polypeptides. J. Hummun.129, 2116–2121 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Benyon, R.C.; Lowman, M.A.; Church, M.K.: Human skin mast cells: their dispersion, purification and secretory characterization. J. Immun.138: 861–867 (1987).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Lawerence, I.D.; Warner, J.A.; Cohan, V.L.; Hubbard, W.C.; Kagey-Sobotka, A.; Lichtenstein, L.M.: Purification and characterization of human skin mast cells. Evidence for human mast cell heterogeneity. J. Immun.139: 3062–3069 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Tharp, M.D.; Kagey-Sobotka, A.; Fox, C.C.; Marone, G.; Lichtenstein, L.M.; Sullivan, T.J.: Functional heterogeneity of human mast cells from different anatomic sites. In vitro responses to morphine sulfate. J. Allergy clin. Immunol.79: 646–653 (1987).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Mayorhofer, G.; Bazin, H.: Nature of the thymus-dependency of mucosal mast cells. III. Mucosal mast cells in nude mice and nude rats, in B rats and in a child with the DiGeorge Syndrome. Int. Archs Allergy appl. Immun.64: 320–331 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Mayrhofer, G.: The nature of the thymus dependency of mucosal mast cells. II. The effect of thymectomy and depleting recirculating lymphocytes on the response toNippostrongylus brasiliensis. Cell. Immunol.47: 312–322 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ruitenberg, E.J.; Elgersma, A.: Absence of intestinal mast cell response in congenitally athymic mice duringTrichinella spiralis infection. Nature, Lond.264: 258–269 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Olson, C.E.; Long, D.A.: Thymus-dependency of the mast cell response toNippostrongylus brasiliensis. Fed. Proc.35: 491 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Irani, A.A.; DeBlois, G.; Craig, S.S.; Elson, C.O.; Schechter, N.M.; Schwartz, L.B.: Deficiency of the T mast cell type in gastrointestinal mucosa of patients with defective T lymphocyte function. J. Immun.138: 4381–4386 (1987).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Schwartz, L.B.; Lewis, R.A.; Selden, D.; Austen, K.F.: Acid hydrolyses and tryptase from secretory granules of dispersed human lung mast cells. J. Immun.126: 1290–1294 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Schwartz, L.B.; Lewis, R.A.; Austen, K.F.: Tryptase from human pulmonary mast cells: purification and characterization. J. biol. Chem.256: 11939–11943 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Tanaka, T.; McRae, B.J.; Cho, K.; Cook, R.; Fraki, J.E.; Johnson, D.A.; Powers, J.C.: Mammalian tissue trypsin-like enzymes. J. biol. Chem.258: 13552–13557 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Smith, T.J.; Hougland, M.W.; Johnson, D.A.: Human lung tryptase, purification and characterization. J. biol. Chem.259: 11046–11049 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Cromlish, J.A.; Seidah, N.G.; Marcinkiewicz, M.; Hamelin, J.; Johnson, D.A.; Chretein, M.: Human pituitary tryptase: molecular forms, NH2-terminal sequence, immunocytochemical localization, and specificity with prohormone and fluorogenic substrates. J. biol. Chem.262: 1363–1373 (1987).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Schwartz, L.B.: Monoclonal antibodies against human mast cell tryptase demonstrate shared antigenic sites on subunits of tryptase and selective localization of the enzyme to mast cells. J. Immun.134: 526–531 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Schwartz, L.B.; Bradford, T.M.: Regulation of tryptase from human lung mast cells by heparin: stabilization of the active tetramer. J. biol. Chem.261: 7372–7379 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Alter, S.C.; Metcalfe, D.D.; Bradford, T.R.; Schwartz, L.B.: Stabilization of human mast cell tryptase: effects of enzyme concentration, ionic strength and the structure and negative charge density of polysaccharides. Biochem. J.248: 821–827 (1987).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Schechter, N.M.; Fraki, J.E.; Gersin, J.C.; Lazarus, G.S.: Human skin chymotryptic protease. Isolation and relation to cathepsin G and rat mast cell proteinase I. J. biol. Chem.258: 2973–2978 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Johnson, L.A.; Moon, K.E.; Eisenberg, M.: Purification to homogeneity of the human skin chymotryptic proteinase ‘chymase’. Analyt. Biochem.155: 358–364 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Sayama, S.; Iozzo, R.V.; Lazarus, G.S.; Schechter, N.M.: Human skin chymotrypsin-like proteinase chymase: subcellular localization to mast cell granules and interaction with heparin and other glycosaminoglycans. J. biol. Chem.262: 6808–6815 (1987).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Wintroub, B.U.; Kaempfer, C.E.; Schechter, N.M.; Proud, D.: A human lung mast cell chymotryptic-like enzyme: identification and partial characterization. J. clin. Invest.77: 196–201 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Wintroub, B.U.; Schechter, N.B.; Lazarus, G.S.; Kaempfer, C.E.; Schwartz, L.B.: Angiotensin I conversion of human and rat chymotryptic proteinases. J. Invest. Derm.83: 336–339 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Goldstein, S.M.; Kaempfer, C.E.; Proud, D.; Schwartz, L.B.; Irani A.A.; Wintroub, B.U.: Detection and partial characterization of a human mast cell carboxypeptidase. J. Immun.139: 2724–2729 (1987).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Goldstein, S.M.; Kaempfer, C.E.; Wintroub, B.U.: Purification of human mast cell carboxypeptidase. Fed. Proc.2: A1234 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Schwartz, L.B.; Kawahara, M.D.; Hugli, T.E.; Vik, D.; Fearon, D.T.; Austen, K.F.: Generation of C3a anaphylatoxin from human C3 by human mast cell tryptase. J. Immun.130: 1891–1895 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Schwartz, L.B.; Bradford, T.M.; Littman, B.L.; Wintroub, B.U.: The fibrinogenolytic activity of purified tryptase from human lung mast cells. J. Immun.135: 2762–2767 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Maier, M.; Spragg, J.; Schwartz, L.B.; Inactivation of human high molecular weight kininogen by human mast cell tryptase. J. Immun.130: 2571–2577 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Schwartz, L.B.; Maier, M.; Spragg, J.: Interaction of low molecular weight kininogen with human mast cell tryptase. Adv. exp. Med. Biol.198: 105–111 (1986).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Gruber, B.L.; Schwartz, L.B.; Ramamurthy, N.S.; Irani, A.M.; Marchese, M.J.: Activation of latent rheumatoid synovial collagenase by human mast cell tryptase. J. Immun.139: 2724–2729 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Malone, D.G.; Wilder, R.C.; Saavedra-Delgado, A.M.; Metcalfe, D.D.: Mast cell numbers in rheumatoid synovial tissues: correlation with quantitative measures of lymphocytic infiltration and modulation by anti-inflammatory therapy. Arthritis Rheum.30: 130–138 (1987).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Reilly, C.F.; Tewksbury, D.A.; Schechter, N.M.; Travis, J.: Rapid conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by neutrophil and mast cell proteinases. J. biol. Chem.257: 8619–8622 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Snyder, R.A.; Watt, K.W.; Wintroub, B.W.: A human platelet angiotensin I-processing system. Identification of components and inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme by product. J. biol. Chem.260: 7857–7860 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Briggaman, R.A.; Schechter, N.M.; Fraki, J.; Lazarus, G.S.; Degradation of the epidermal-dermal junction by a proteolytic enzyme from human skin and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J. exp. Med.160: 1027–1042 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Caughey, G.H.; Viro, N.F.; Ramachondran, J.; Lazarus, S.C.; Borson, D.B.; Nadel, J.A.: Dog mastocytoma tryptase: affinity purification, characterization and amino-terminal sequence. Archs Biochem. Biophys.258: 555–563 (1987).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Kido, H.; Fukusen, N.; Katunuma, N.: Chymotrypsin-and trypsin-type serine proteases in rat mast cells: properties and functions. Archs Biochem. Biophys.239: 436–443 (1985).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Braganza, V.I.; Simmons, W.H.: Tryptidase: a novel trypsin-like enzyme from rat skin. Fed. Proc.2: A1006 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Caughey, G.H.; Viro, N.F.; Lazarus, S.C.; Nadel, J.A.: Dog mastocytoma chymase: purification, characterization and amino-terminal sequence. Biochim. biophys. Acta952: 142–149 (1988).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Woodbury, R.G.: Covalent structure of a group-specific protease from rat small intestine. Biochemistry17: 811–819 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. LeTrong, H; Parmelee, D.C.; Walsh, K.A.; Neurath, H.; Woodbury, R.G.: Amino acid sequences of rat mast cell protease I (chymase). Biochemistry26: 6988–6994 (1987).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Gibson, S.; Miller, H.R.P.: Mast cell subsets in the rat distinguished immunohistochemically by their content of serine proteinases. Immunology58: 101–104 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Everitt, M.T.; Neurath, H.: Rat peritoneal mast cell carboxypeptidase: Localization, purification and enzymatic properties. FEBS Lett.110: 292–296 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Schwartz, L.B.; Riedel, C.; Schratz, J.J.; Austen, K.F.: Localization of carboxypeptidase A to the macromolecular heparin proteoglycan-protein complex in secretory granules of rat serosal mast cells. J. Immun.128: 1128–1133 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Bodwell, J.E.; Meyer, W.L.: Purification and characterization of carboxypeptidase A from rat skeletal muscle. Biochemistry20: 2767–2777 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Glenner, G.C.; Cohen, L.A.: Histochemical demonstration of a species-specific trypsin-like enzyme in mast cells. Nature185: 846–847 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Hopsu, V.K.; Glenner, G.C.: A histochemical enzyme kinetic system applied to the trypsin-like amidase and esterase activity in human mast cells. J. Cell Biol.17: 503–520 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Chiu, H.; Lagunoff, D.: Histochemical comparison of vertebrate mast cells. Histochem. J.4: 135–144 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Craig, S.S.; DeBlois, G.; Schwartz, L.B.: Mast cells in human keloid, small intestine and lung by an immunoperoxidase technique using a murine monoclonal antibody against tryptase. Am. J. Path.124: 427–435 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Castells, M.C.; Irani, A.A.; Schwartz, L.B.: Evaluation of human peripheral blood leukocytes for mast cell tryptase. J. Immun.138: 2184–2189 (1987).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Strobel, S.; Miller, H.R.P.; Ferguson, A.: Human intestinal mucosal mast cells: evaluation of fixation and staining techniques. J. clin. Path.34: 851–858 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Shanahan, F.; MacNiven, I.; Dyck, N.; Denburgh, J.A.; Bienenstock, J.; Befus, A.D.: Human lung mast cells: distribution and abundance of histochemically distinct subpopulations. Int. Archs Allergy appl. Immun.83: 329–331 (1987).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Ennerback, L.: Mucosal mast cells in rat and in man. Int. Archs Allergy appl. Immun.82: 249–255 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  62. Kawanami, A.; Ferrans, V.J.; Fulmer, J.D.; Crystal, R.G.: Ultrastructure of pulmonary mast cells in patients with fibrotic lung disorders. Lab. Invest.40: 717–734 (1979).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Caulfield, J.P.; Lewis, R.A.; Hein, A.; Austen, K.F.: Secretion in dissociated human pulmonary mast cells. Evidence for solubilization of granule contents before discharge. J. Cell Biol.85: 299–312 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Dobbins, W.O.; Tomasini, J.T.; Rollins, E.L.: Electron and light microscopic identification of the mast cell of the gastrointestinal tract. Gastroenterology56: 268–279 (1969).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Fedorko, M.F.; Hirsch, J.G.: Crystalloid structures in granules of guinea pig basophils and human mast cells. J. Cell Biol.26, 973–976 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  66. Iwamoto, T.; Smelser, G.K.: Electron microscopic studies on the mast cells in blood and lymphatic capillaries of the human corneal limbus. Investve Ophth.4: 815–834 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  67. Kobayashi, T.; Midtgard, K.; Asboe-Hansen, G.: Ultrastructure of human mast cell granules. J. Ultrastruct. Res.23: 153–165 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  68. Lagunoff, D.: Contributions of electron microscopy to the study of mast cells. J. invest. Derm.58: 296–311 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Trotter, C.M.; Orr, T.S.C.: A fine structure study of some cellular components in allergic reactions. II. Mast cells in normal and atopic human skin. Clin. Allergy4: 421–433 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  70. Weinstock, A.; Albright, J.T.: The fine structure of mast cells in normal human gingiva. J. Ultrastruct. Res.17: 245–256 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Fox, B.; Bull, T.B.; Guz, A.: Mast cells in the human alveolar wall: an electron microscopic study. J. clin. Path.34: 1333–1342 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Okuda, M.; Sakaguchi, Y.; Suzuki, F.; Ohtsuka, H.; Kawabori, S.: Ultrastructural heterogeneity of the basophilic cells in the allergic nasal mucosa. Ann. Allergy54: 152–157 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Hammel, I.; Dvorak, A.M.; Peters, S.P.; Schulman, E.S.; Dvorak, H.F.; Lichtenstein, L.M.; Galli, S.J.: Differences in the volume distributions of human lung mast cell granules and lipid bodies: evidence that the size of these organelles is regulated by distinct mechanisms. J. Cell Biol.100: 1488–1492 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Fox, C.C.; Dvorak, A.M.; Peters, S.P.; Kagey-Sobotka, A.; Lichtenstein, L.M.: Isolation and characterization of human intestinal mucosal mast cells. J. Immun.135: 483–491 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Brinkman, G.L.: The mast cell in normal human bronchus and lung. J. Ultrastruct. Res.23: 115–123 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Hibbs, R.G.; Burch, G.E.; Phillips, J.H.: Electronmicroscopic observations on the human mast cell. Am. Heart J.60: 121–127 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Friedman, A.; Kaliner, M.: In situ degranulation of human nasal mucosal mast cells: ultrastructural features and cell-cell associations. J. Allergy clin. Immunol.76: 70–82 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Steer, H.W.: Mast cells of the human stomach. J. Anat.121: 385–397 (1976).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Greenwood, B.; Orr, T.S.C.; Coleman, H.: The ultrastructure of mucosal mast cells. Eur. J. resp. Dis.69: suppl. 147, pp. 210–216 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  80. Lowman, M.A.; Rees, P.H.; Benyon, R.C.; Church, M.K.: Human mast cell heterogeneity: histamine release from mast cells dispersed from skin, lung, adenoids, tonsils, and colon in response to IgE-dependent and non-immunologic stimuli. J. Allergy clin. Immunol.81: 590–597 (1988).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Tharp, M.D.; Kagey-Sobotka, A.; Fox, C.C.; Marone, G.; Lichtenstein, L.M.; Sullivan, T.J.: Functional heterogeneity of human mast cells from different anatomic sites: In vitro responses to morphine sulfate. J. Allergy clin. Immunol.79: 646–653 (1987).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Nakahata, T.; Kobayashi, T.; Ishiguro, A.; Tsusi, K.; Naganuma, K.; Ando, O.; Yagi, Y.; Tadokoro, K.; Akabane, T.: Extensive proliferation of mature connective-tissue type mast cells in vitro. Nature324: 65–67 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Hamaguchi, Y.; Kanakura, Y.; Fujita, J.; Takeda, S.; Nakano, T.; Tarui, S.; Honjo, T.; Kitamura, Y.: Interleukin 4 as an essential growth factor for in vitro clonal growth of murine connective tissue-type mast cells. J. exp. Med.165: 268–273 (1987).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Nakano, T.; Sonoda, T.; Hayashi, C.; Yamatodani, A.; Kanayama, Y.; Yamamura, T.; Asai, H.; Yonezawa, T.; Kitamura, Y.; Galli, S.J.: Fate of bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells after intracutaneous, intraperitoneal and intravenous transfer into genetically mast cell deficient W/Wv mice. Evidence that cultured mast cells can give rise to both ‘connective tissue-type’ and ‘mucosal’ mast cells. J. exp. Med.257: 1025–1043 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  85. Kobayashi, T.; Nakano, T.; Nakahata, T.; Asai, H.; Yagi, Y.; Tsuji, K.; Komiyama, A.; Akabane, T.; Kojima, S.; Kitamura, Y.: Formation of mast cell colonies in methylcellulose by mouse peritoneal cells and differentiation of these cloned cells in both skin and the gastric mucosa of W/Wv mice: evidence that a common precursor can give rise to both ‘connective tissue-type’ and ‘mucosal’ mast cells. J. Immun.136: 1378–1384 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Levi-Schafter, F.; Austen, K.F.; Gravellese, P.M.; Stevens, R.L.: Coculture of interleukin 3-dependent mouse mast cells with fibroblasts results in a phenotypic change of the mast cells. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. USA83: 6485–6488 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  87. Dayton, E.T.; Pharr, P.; Ogawa, M.; Serafin, W.E.; Austen, K.F.; Levi-Schaffer, F.; Stevens, R.L.: 3T3 fibroblasts induce cloned interleukin 3-dependent mouse mast cells to resemble connective tissue mast cells in granular constituency. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. USA85: 569–572 (1988).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Kitamura, Y.; Sonoda, T.; Nokano, T.; Kanayama, Y.: Probable dedifferentiation of mast cells in mouse connective tissues. Curr. Top. Dev. Biol.20: 325–332 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Coombs, J.W.; Lagunoff, D.; Benditt, E.P.: Differentiation and proliferation of embryonic mast cells of the rat. J. Cell Biol.25: 577–592 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  90. Stevens, R.L.; Austen, K.F.: Effect ofp-nitrophenyl-β-D-xyloside on proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis in rat serosal mast cell cultures. J. biol. Chem.257: 253–259 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Serafin, W.E.; Katz, H.R.; Austen, K.F.; Stevens, R.L.: Complexes of heparin proteoglycans, chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycans, and (3H) diisopropyl fluorophosphate-binding proteins are exocytosed from activated mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. J. biol. Chem.261: 15017–15021 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Seldin, D.C.; Austen, K.F.; Stevens, R.L.: Purification and characterization of protease-resistant secretory granule proteoglycans containing chondroitin sulfate di-B and heparin-like glycosaminoglycans from rat basophil leukemia cells. J. biol. Chem.260: 11131–11139 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Katz, H.R.; Levine, J.S.; Austen, K.F.: Interleukin 3-dependent mouse mast cells express the cholera toxin-binding acidic glycosphingolipid, ganglioside Gm1, and increase their histamine content in response to toxin. J. Immun.139: 1640–1646 (1987).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Reynolds, D.S.; Serafin, W.E.; Faller, D.V.; Dvorak, A.M.; Austen, K.F.; Stevens, R.L.: Immortalization of mouse connective tissue-type mast cells. Fed. Proc.2: A1234 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  95. Razin, E.; Ihle, J.N.; Seldin, D.; Mencia-Huerta, J.; Katz, H.R.; LeBlanc, P.A.; Hein, A.; Caulfield, J.P.; Austen, K.F.; Stevens, R.L.: Interleukin 3: A differentiation and growth factor for the mouse mast cell that contains chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycan. J. Immun.132: 1479–1486 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Craig, S.S.; Schechter, N.M.; Schwartz, L.B.: Ultrastructural analysis of maturing human T and TC mast cells in situ. Lab. Invest. (in press).

  97. Parawesch, M.R.; Horny, H.P.; Lennert, K.: Tissue mast cells in health and disease. Path. Res. Pract.179: 439–461 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  98. Coombs, J.W.: Maturation of rat mast cells. An electron microscope study. J. Cell Biol.31: 563–575 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  99. Hammel, I.; Lagunoff, D.; Bauza, M.; Chi, E.; Periodic multimodal distribution of granule volumes in mast cells. Cell Tiss. Res.228: 51–59 (1983).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Dvorak, A.M.; Mihm, M.C., Jr.; Dvorak, H.F.: Morphology of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in man. II. Ultrastructural alterations affecting the microvasculature and the tissue mast cells. Lab. Invest.34: 179–191 (1976).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Orr, T.S.C.: Mast cells and allergic asthma. Br. J. Dis. Chest67: 87–106 (1973).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Denburg, J.A.; Telizyn, S.; Messner, H.; Lim, B.; Jamal, N.; Ackerman, S.J.; Gleich, G.J.; Bienenstock, J.: Heterogeneity of human peripheral blood eosinophil-type colonies: evidence for a common basophil-eosinophil progenitor. Blood66: 312–318 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Denburg, J.A.; Telizyn, S.; Belda, A.; Dolovich, J.; Bienenstock, J.: Increased numbers of circulating basophil/mast cell progenitors in atopic patients. J. Allergy clin. Immunol.76: 466–472 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Denburg, J.A.; Messner, H.; Lim, B.; Jamal, N.; Telizyn, S.; Bienenstock, J.: Clonal origin of human basophil/mast cells from circulating pluripotent hematopoietic progenitor. Exp. Hematol.13: 185–188 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Bressler, R.B.; Friedman, M.M.; Irani, A.A.; Schwartz, L.B.; Metcalfe, D.D.: Culture of bone marrow from patients with mastocytosis. Fed. Proc.46: 936 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  106. Matsuda, H.; Kitamura, R.: Migration of stromal cells supporting mast cell differentiation into open wound produced in the skin of mice. Exp. Hematol.9: 38–43 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Miller, H.R.P.; Jarrett, W.F.H.: Immune reactions in mucous membranes. I. Intestinal mast cell response during helminth expulsion in the rat. Immunology20: 277–288 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Haig, D.M.; Jarrett, E.E.E.; Tas, J.: In vitro studies on mast cell proliferation inN. brasiliensis infection. Immunology51: 643–651 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Capron, M.; Rousseaux, J.; Mazinque, C.; Bazin, H.; Capron, A.: Rat mast cell-eosinophil interaction in antibody-dependent eosinophil cytotoxicity toSchistosoma mansoni schistosomula. J. Immun.121: 2518–2525 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Azezthan, R.K.; Azizkhan, J.C.; Zetter, B.R.; Folkman, J.: Mast cell heparin stimulates migration of capillary endothelial cells in vitro. J. exp. Med.152: 931–944 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  111. Kessler, D.A.; Langer, R.S.; Pless, N.A.; Folkman, J.: Mast cells and tumor angiogenesis. Int. J. Cancer18: 703–709 (1976).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Henderson, W.R.; Chi, E.Y.; Jong, E.C.; Klebanoff, S.J.: Mast cell mediated tumor cell cytotoxicity. J. exp. Med.153: 520–533 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Farram, E.; Nelson, D.S.: Mouse mast cells as anti-tumor effector cells. Cell. Immunol.55: 294–301 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

This work was supported in part by NIH grant AI-20487 and the Charles W. Thomas Arthritis Fund.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Craig, S.S., Schwartz, L.B. Tryptase and chymase, markers of distinct types of human mast cells. Immunol Res 8, 130–148 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02919075

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02919075

Keywords

Navigation