Abstract
The present report demonstrates, for the first time, that feeding rats 50 ppm cadmium for just 7 wk results in detectable levels of cadmium in the eye of rats. Furthermore, these ocular cadmium concentrations affect significant alterations in the levels of the essential trace elements selenium, calcium iron, and copper in the eye. Rats were fed a low-selenium (<0.02 ppm selenium), high-copper basal diet (50 ppm copper) supplemented with 0, 0.1, and 0.5 ppm selenium. The animals were either untreated or treated with 50 ppm cadmium admixed with their feed. Cadmium treatment resulted in significant reductions (up to 50%) in ocular selenium. Furthermore, rats fed the basal diet and given 100 ppm cadmium via their feed for 6 wk exhibited a 69% reduction in the activity of the selenoenzyme, glutathione peroxidase, in the eye. Cadmium treatment also resulted in reductions of up to 50% in ocular calcium, irrespective of dietary selenium supplementation. Iron levels were increased by 30% in rats fed the low-selenium diet and decreased by as much as 40% in rats fed the selenium-supplemented diets, compared to animals fed identical levels of selenium without cadmium. Ocular copper levels were significantly increased only in rats fed the low-selenium diet and treated with cadmium. Ocular zinc levels were not significantly affected by dietary cadmium or selenium.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
B. R. Grubb, G. E. DuVal, J. S. Morris, and P. J. Bentley,Tox. Appl. Pharmacol. 77, 444 (1985).
K. Julshamn, F. Utne, and O. R. Braekkan,Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 41, 515 (1977).
R. C. Prentice, P. L. Hawley, T. Glonek, and S. J. Koppe,Tox. Appl. Pharmacol. 75, 198 (1984).
J. Chmielnicka, E. M. Bem, E. A. Breznicka, and M. Kasperek,Environ. Res. 37, 419 (1985).
I. S. Jamall and J. C. Smith,Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 80, 33 (1985).
I. S. Jamall and J. J. Sprowls,Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 87, 102 (1987).
E. Koumantakis, D. Alexiou, A. Grimanis, D. Kaskarelis, and A. Bouzas,Ophthalmologica 186, 41 (1983).
D. P. Yolton,J. Am. Optom. Assoc. 54, 129 (1983).
Z. A. Karcioglu,Survey Opthamol. 27, 114 (1982).
W. L. Stone and E. A. Dratz,Exp. Eye Res. 35, 405 (1982).
American Institute of Nutrition,J. Nutr. 107, 1340 (1977).
L. M. Murthy, E. E. Menden, P. M. Eller, and H. G. Petering,Anal. Biochem. 53, 365 (1973).
J. H. Watkinson,Anal. Chem. 38, 92 (1966).
R. F. Burk, R. A. Lawrence, and J. M. Lane,J. Clin. Invest. 65, 1021 (1980).
M. M. Bradford,Anal. Biochem. 72, 248 (1976).
S. J. Kopp, T. Glonek, H. M. Perry, M. Erlanger, and E. F. Perry,Science 217, 837 (1982).
J. C. Sherlock,Experientia 40, 152 (1984).
T. W. Simmons, and I. S. Jamall,Biochem. J. 251, 913 (1988).
I. Bremner, and J. K. Campbell,Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 355, 319 (1980).
T. A. Gasiewicz and J. C. Smith,Chem. Biol. Interact. 23, 161 (1978).
K. Samochocka, M. Czauderna, A. Kalicki, J. Konecki, and M. Wolna,Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 35, 1134 (1984).
T. Ameniya,Int. J. Vit. Nutr. Res. 55, 233 (1985).
M. L. Katz, K. R. Parker, G. J. Handelman, T. L. Bramel, and E. A. Dratz,Exp. Eye Res. 34, 339 (1982).
B. J. Panessa and J. A. Zadunaisky,Exp. Eye Res. 32, 593 (1981).
D. Creel, F. E. O'Donnell, and C. J. Witkop,Science 210, 931 (1978).
B. M. Palmquist, P. Fagerholm, and I. Landau,Exp. Eye Res. 42, 35 (1986).
T. R. Shearer, and L. L. David,Curr. Eye Res. 11, 777 (1983).
K. R. Hightower, L. L. David, and T. R. Shearer,Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 28, 1702 (1987).
I. L. Grupp, I. S. Jamall, R. W. Millard, and G. Grupp,IRCS Med. Sci. (Pharmacol.),11, 22 (1983).
I. S. Jamall, D. Haldar, and A. G. Wadewitz,Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 144, 815 (1987).
D. A. Newsome, M. Swartz, N. C. Leone, R. C. Elston, and E. Miller,Arch. Ophthalmol. 106, 192 (1988).
T. Mittag,Exp. Eye Res. 39, 759 (1984).
R. S. Bodaness, and J. S. Zigler,Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 113, 592 (1983).
D. Armstrong, G. Santangelo, and E. Connole,Curr. Eye Res. 1, 225 (1981).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jamall, I.S., Roque, H. Cadmium-induced alterations in ocular trace elements. Biol Trace Elem Res 23, 55–63 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02917177
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02917177