Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Dynamic life cycle of parathyroid hormone

  • Review
  • Published:
Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Attempts were made to review the biological and physiological significance of the processing and degradation of PTH in the parathyroid gland, liver bone and kidney. Degradation of PTH may be connected with its action, in addition to its physiological role of controlled disposal of the active hormone regulating the half-life of the hormone in circulation. Recent demonstration of receptor-mediated limited cleovage of PTH at specific sites may represent one step forward in the elucidation of the significance of degradation in PTH action beyond the receptor. Actions of the PTH fragments thus generated may provide the key for the understanding of the significance of PTH degradation. Studies on PTH degradation may open way to the understanding of the physiological significance of the degradation of all the peptide hormones.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Rasmussen, H., Craig, L. C.: Purification of bovine parathyroid hormone by gel filtration. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta 6:332–338, 1962.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Potts, J. T. Jr., Aurbach, G. D., Sherwood, L. M., Sandoval, A.: Structural basis of biological and immunological activity of parathyroid hormone. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 54:1743–1751, 1965.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Keutmann, H. T., Barling, B. M., Hendy, G. N., Segre, G. V., Segre, G. V., Niall, H. D., Aurbach, G. D., Potts, J. T. Jr., O'Riordan, J. L. H.: Isolation of human parathyroid hormone. Biochemistry 13:1646–1652, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kemper, B., Habener, J. F., Mulligan, R. C., Potts, J. T. Jr., Rich, A.: Pre-proparathyroid hormone: A direct transplation product of parathyroid messenger RNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 71:3731–3735, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Berson, S. A., Yalow, R. S., Aurbach, G. D., Potts, J. T. Jr: Immunoassay of bovine and human parathyroid hormone. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 49:613–617, 1963.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Berson, S. A., Yalow, R. S.: Immunochemical heterogeneity of parathyroid hormone in plasma. J. Clin. Endocrinol. & Metab. 28:1037–1047, 1968.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Silverman, R., Yalow, R. S.: Heterogeneity of parathyroid hormone. Clinical and physiologic implications. J. Clin. Invest. 52:1958–1971, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Canterbury, J. M., Reiss, E.: Multiple immunoreactive molecular forms of parathyroid hormone in human serum. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med. 140:1393–1398, 1972.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Davis, R., Talmage, R. V.: Evidence for liver inactivation of parathyroid hormone. Endocrinology 66:312–314, 1960.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Fang, V. S., Tashjian, A. H. Jr.: Studies on the role of the liver in the metabolism of parathyroid hormone I. Effects of partial hepatectomy and incubation of the hormone with tissue homogenates. Endocrinol. 90:117–1184, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Becker, F. O., Buchanan, F., Rasho, M. Parathyroid hormone degradation studies in maternal and fetal rat tissues by radioimmunoassay. Hormone & Metab. Research 6:407–410, 1974.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Canterbury, J. M., Bricker, L. A., Levey, G. S., Kozlowkis, P. L., Ruiz, E., Zull, J. E., Reiss, E.: Metabolism of bovine parathyroid hormone. Immunological and biological characteristics of fragments generated by liver perfusion. J. Clin. Invest. 55:1245–1253, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Neuman, W. F., Neuman, M. W., Sammon, P. J., Lane, K.: The metabolims of parathyroid hormone II. Methodological studies. Calcified Tissue Research 18:241–250, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. D'Amour, P., Segre, G. V., Roth, S. I., Potts, J. T. Jr.: Analysis of parathyroid hormone and its fragments in rat tissues. Chemical identification and microscopical localization. J. Clin. Invest. 63:89–98, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Martin, K., Hruska, K., Greenwalt, A., Klahr, S., Slatopolsky, E.: Selective uptake of intact parathyroid hormone by the liver. J. Clin. Invest. 58:781–788, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Oldham, S. B., Finck, E. J., Singer, F. R.: Parathyroid hormone clearance in man. Metabolism. 27:993–1001, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Segre, G. V., D'Amour, P., Hultman, A., Potts, J. T. Jr.: Effects of hepatectomy, nephrectomy and nephrectomy/uremia on the metabolism of parathyroid hormone in the rat. J. Clin. Invest. 67:439–448, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Segre, G. V., Perkins, A. S., Witters, L. A., Potts, J. T. jr.: Metabolism of parathyroid hormone by isolated rat Kupffer cells and hepatocytes. J. Clin. Invest. 67:449–457, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Fischer, J. A., Oldham, S. B., Sizemore, G. W., Arnaud, C. D.: Parathormon-konvertierendes Enzym: Regulation durch Kalzium. Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr, 102:1286–1287, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Habener, J. F., Kemper, B., Potts, J. T. Jr.: Calciumdependent intracellular degradation of parathyroid hormone. A possible mechanism for the regulation of hormone stores. Endocrinology 97:431–441, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Hanley, D. A., Takatzuki, K., Sultan, J. M.: Direct release of parathyroid hormone fragments from functioning bovine parathyroid gland in vitro. J. Clin. Invest. 62:1247–1254, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Hanley, D. A., Ayer, L. M.: Calcium-dependent release of carboxyl terminal fragments of parathyroid hormone by hyperplastic human parathyroid tissue in vitro. J. Clin. Endocrinol. & Metab. 63:1075–1086.

  23. Habener, J. F.: Responsiveness of neoplastic and hyperplastic parathyroid tissue to calcium in vitro. J. Clin. Invest. 62:436–450, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Mayer, G. P., Keaton, J. A., Hurst, J. G., Habener, J. F.: Effects of plasma calcium concentration on the relative proportion of hormone and carboxyl fragments in parathyroid venous blood. Endocrinology 104:1778–1784, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. MacGregor, R. R., Hamilton, J. W., Shofrtall, R. F., Cohn, D. V.: Isolation and characterization of porcine parathyroid cathepsin. B. J. Biol. Chem. 254:4423–4427, 1979.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Hamilton, J. W., Jilka, R. L., MacGregor, R. R.: Changes of parathyroid hormone to the 1–34 and 35–84 fragments by cathepsin D-like activity in bovine parathyroid gland extracts. Endocrinology 113:285–292, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. MacGregor, R. R., Jilka, R. L., Hamilton, J. W.: Formation and secretion of fragments parathormone. Identification of cleavage sites. J. Biol. Chem. 261:1929–1934, 1986.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hamilton, J. W., MacGregor, R. R., Jilka, R. L.: Formation of parathormone 8–34 by cathepsin D digestion of parathormone and its efficacy as a hormone antagonist. Mol. Cell. Endocrinology 44:179–183, 1986.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Freitag, J. J., Martin, K. J., Conrades, M. B., Slatopolsky, E.: Metabolism of parathyroid hormone by fetal rat calvaria. Endocrinology 104:510–516, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Orimo, H., Fujita, T., Morii, H., Nakao, K.: Inactivation in vitro of parathyroid hormone activity by kidney slices. Endocrinol. 76:255–258, 1965.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Orimo, H., Fujita, T., Yoshikawa, M., Morii, H., Nakao, K.: Mechanism of inactivation in vitro of parathyroid hormone by rat kidney slices. Endocrinol. 77:428–432, 1965.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Fujita, T., Orimo, H., Ohata, M., Yoshikawa, M.: Enzymatic inactivation of parathyroid hormone by rat kidney homogenate. Endocrinol. 86:42–49, 1970.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Fujita, T., Ohata, M., Orimo, H., Yoshikawa, M., Maruyama, M.: Enzymatic hydrolysis of 125I-labeled parathyroid horomone. Endocrinol. Japan. 16:383–389, 1969.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Fujita, T., Orimo, H., Ohata, M., Okano, K., Yoshikawa, M.: Loss of immunoreactivity of human serum parathyroid hormone by the action of rat kidney enzyme, preferentially hydrolyzing parathyroid hormone. Hormone Research 4:213–218, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Fujita, T., Ohata, M., Okano, K., Yoshikawa, M.: Differential hydrolysis of bovine paraathyroid hormone and its N-terminal peptide by rat kidney. Endocrinol. Japan. 22:39–42, 1975.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Maruyama, M., Fujita, T., Ohata, M.: Purification and properties of a microsomal endopeptidase from rat kidney preferentially hydrolyzing parathyroid hormone. Arch. of Biochem. Biophys. 138:245–253, 1970.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Fujita, T., Ohata, M., Orimo, H., Yoshikawa, M.: Age and parathyroid hormone inactivation by kidney tissue. J. Gerontol. 26:20–23, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Fujita, T., Okano, K., Orimo, H., Ohata, M., Yoshikawa, M.: Age and fate of parathyroid hormone. J. Gerontol. 27:25–27, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Fujita, T., Ohata, M., Ota, K., Tanimoto, K., Hanano, Y., Funasako, M., Uezu, A.: Aging and parathyroid hormone. Endocrinology of Calcium Metabolism. D. H. Copp & R. V. Talmage Ed. Excerpta Medica PP118–125, 1978.

  40. Melick, R. A., Martin, T. J.: Parathyroid hormone metabolism in man. Effect of nephrectomy. Clin. Sci. 37:667–674, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Martin, T. J., Melick, R. A., de Luise, M.: The effect of nephrectomy on the metabolism of labelled parathyroid hormone. Clin. Sci. 37:137–142, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Martin, T. J., Melick, R. A., de Luise, M.: Metabolism of parathyroid hormone. Degradation of radioiodinated hormone by a kidney enzyme. Biochem. J. 111:509–514, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Kau, S. T., Maack, T.: Transport and catabolism of parathyroid hormone in isolated rat kidney. Amer. J. Physiol. 233:F445–454, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Martin, K. J., Finch, J. L., Hruska, K., Slatopolsky, E.: Effect of biological activity of PTH on its peripheral matabolism in the rat. Kidney Internat. 31:937–940, 1987.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Martin, K. J., Hruska, K., Greenwalt, A., Klahr, S., Slatopolsky, E.: Selective uptake of intact parathyroid hormone by the liver. J. Clin. Invest. 58:781–788, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Martin, K. J., Hruska, K. A., Freitag, J. J., Klahr, S., Slatopolsky, E.: The peripheral metabolism of parathyroid hormone. New Engl. J. Med. 301:1092–1098, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Martin, K. J., Hruska, K. A., Lewis, J., Anderson, C., Slatopolsky, E.: The renal handling of paraathyroid hormone. Role of peritubular uptake and glomerulor filtration. J. Clin. Invest. 60:808–814, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Vajda, F. J. E., Martin, T. J., Melick, R. A.: Destruction of bovine parathyroid hormone labeled with 1311 by rat kidney tissue in vitro. Endocrinology 84:162–164, 1969.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Zull, J. E., Chuang, J.: Characterization of parathyroid hormone fragments produced by cathepsin D. J. Biol. Chem. 260:1608–1613, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Botti, R. E., Zull, J. E.: Identification of an ATP-activated endopeptidase from rat kidney which catalyzes the cleavage of parathyroid hormone to fragments identical to those produced in the rat kidney in vivo. Endocrinology 112:393–395, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Botti, R. E., Heath, E., Frelinger, A. L., Chuang, J., Roos, B. A., Zull, J. E.: Specific cleavage of bovine parathyroid hormone catalyzed by an endopeptidase from bovine kidney. J. Biol. Chem. 256:11483–11486, 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Fujita, T., Baba, H., Sase, M., Fukushima, M., Nishii, Y.: Parathyroid hormone degrading enzyme of higy molecular weight in the cytosol of rat renal cortical cells. Bone & Mineral 1:457–465, 1986.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Sase, M., Fukushima, M., Nishii Y., Baba, H., Fujita, T.: Partial purification and properties of neutral PTHase from the cytosolic fraction of rat renal cortex. Bone & Mineral 3:211–223, 1988.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Yamaguchi, T., Baba, H., Fukase, M., Kinoshita, Y., Fujimi, T., Fujita, T.: Possible involvement of protein kinase C in parathyroid hormone degradation by osteoblast-like rat osteosarcoma cell line URM106. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 143:539–544, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Yamaguchi, T., Fukase, M., Fujita, T.: Control of parathyroid hormone-degrading activity in the oppssum kidney cell: Possible involvement of protein kinase C. Biochem. Biophys. Research Comm. 157:908–913, 1988.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Yamaguchi T., Fukase, M., Nishikawa, M., Fujimi, T., Fujita, T.: Parathyroid hormone degradation by chymotrypsin-like endopeptidase in the opossum kidney cell. Endocrinology 123:2812–2817, 1988.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Fujita, T.: Parathyroid hormone. Quo vadis? Folia endocrinol. Japon. 64:1250–1257, 1988.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

About this article

Cite this article

Fujita, T. Dynamic life cycle of parathyroid hormone. JBMM 7, 1–7 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02911526

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02911526

Keywords

Navigation