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In Situ conservation of maize in Mexico: Genetic diversity and Maize seed management in a traditional community

Conservation in situ de Mais au Mexique: Diversite Genetique et Gestion des Semences dans Une Communaute Traditionnelle

Conservacion in situ de Maiz en Mexico: Diversidad Genetica y Manejo de las Semillas en Una Comunidad Tradicional

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Abstract

Results from a study of maize varieties and seed sources in a traditional community in Jalisco, Mexico, raise questions about the relationship between genetic erosion and the introduction of varieties. The relevance of models for in situ conservation of crop genetic resources based on geographical isolation of a community is discussed. The morphophenological diversity of local materials is shown to be enhanced by introductions of both improved cultivars and landraces from farmers in other communities. On the other hand, the geographical point of reference for defining “local” landrace is shown to be larger than the community itself. Farmers will classify seed obtained from other farmers in and outside the community as that of a local landrace if it resembles their own according to the phenotypic characteristics they use to distinguish varieties. Maize diversity in this community is then the result of a certain level of introduction of genetic material and not of geographical isolation.

Résumé

L’étude des variétés de maïs et de l’origine de leurs semences dans une communauté traditionnelle de l’état de Jalisco au Mexique réfute la relation de cause à effet traditionnellement établie entre l’introduction de variétés exogénes et l’érosion génétique. Les résultats remettent en question la pertinence de modèles de conservation in situ des ressources génétiques de plantes cultivées basés sur l’isolement géographique d’une communauté. A Cuzalapa, les variétés améliorées et les variétés paysannes introduites d’autres régions sont source de diversité morphophénologique. D’autre pan, l’échelle géographique à laquelle une variété paysanne peut être définie comme “locale” dépasse la communauté paysanne. Un lot de semences introduit présentant les mêmes caractéristiques phénotypiques qu ’une variété locale peut être considéré par les agriculteurs comme faisant partie de ce cultivar et ne plus s’en distinguer. La diversité génétique du maïs dans cette zone est donc le résultat d’un certain niveau d’introduction de matériel génétique et non de son isolement géographique.

Resumen

El estudio de las variedades de maíz y del origen de las semillas en una comunidad tradicional del estado de Jalisco, en México, cuestiona la relación de causaefecto tradicionalmente establecida entre la introducción de variedades foráneas y la erosión genética. Se discute sobre la pertinencia de modelos de conservación in situ de los recursos genéticos de plantas cultivadas basados en el aislamiento geográfico de una comunidad. En Cuzalapa, las variedades mejoradas y las variedades campesinas introducidas de otras regiones son fuente de diversidad morfofenológica. Por otro lado, la escala geográfica a la que una variedad campesina puede ser definida como “local” rebasa el nivel de la comunidad. Un lote de semilla introducido que presenta las características fenotípícas de una variedad local puede ser considerado por los agricultores como parte de esta variedad y no distinguirse de ella. Por lo tanto, la diversidad genética del maíz en esta zona es el resultado de cierto nivel de introducción de material genético y no de su aislamiento geográfico.

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Correspondence to Dominique Louette.

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Louette, D., Charrier, A. & Berthaud, J. In Situ conservation of maize in Mexico: Genetic diversity and Maize seed management in a traditional community. Econ Bot 51, 20–38 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02910401

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