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Reliability of timber structures under long term loads

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Abstract

The strength of timber is significantly reduced under sustained load. Existing experimental data give a reasonable estimate of the strength reduction as a function of time under constant load. In practice, however, the load level is variable in time. For this situation the strength reduction must be estimated on the basis of so called damage theories.

In engineering design, effects of load duration are accounted for by a strength reduction factor, kmod, which depends on the type of load acting on the structure. The loads are classified in terms of their duration time. In a load combination the value of kmod is based on the load with shortest duration. For several reasons the scientific basis to determine kmod is rather uncertain.

In this paper a probabilistic analysis is made with the purpose to calibrate kmod for timber structures under combination of permanent load and snow load. The analyses are based on Swedish data for snow. A theoretical model proposed in [1] describes the damage accumulation. The analyses show that kmod is of the order 0.8 for geographic locations with heavy snow loads as well as for locations with moderate snow loads. The factor kmod was also found independent of the two practically relevant load combinations studied. The results can be used as recommendations for appropriate choice of kmod in engineering design.

Résumé

La résistance du bois de construction diminue significativement sous la pression de charge. Les données expérimentales qui existent, donnent une estimation raisonnable de la réduction de la résistance du bois comme étant une fonction du temps sous une charge constante. Dans la réalité, le niveau de charge est néanmoins variable dans le temps. Pour cette raison la réduction de la résistance doit être estimée sur la base de ce que l’on appelle la théorie des dommages.

En design de construction, les effets de la durée d’une charge sont représentées par un facteur de la réduction de la résistance, kmod, qui dépend du type de la charge pesant sur la structure. Les charges sont classifiées en terme de leur durée de temps. Lorsque les charges sont variables, la valeur kmod est basée sur la charge ayant la plus courte durée. Pour plusieurs raisons la base scientifique qui détermine kmod est assez incertaine.

Dans cet article, nous réalisons une analyse de probabilité ayant pour but de calibrer kmod en ce qui concerne le bois de construction subissant des combinaisons de charges permanentes et de charges neigeuses. Les analyses sont basées sur des données suédoises sur la neige. Un modèle théorique proposé [1] décrit. l’accummulation des dommages. Les analyses montrent que kmod est de l’ordre de 0,8 aussi bien dans les zones géographiques ayant de lourdes charges de neige que dans les zones ayant des charges modérées. Le facteur kmod se révèle donc être indépendant des deux principales combinaisons de charges étudiées. Ces résultats peuvent être utilisés comme recommandation pour le choix approprié de kmod en design de construction.

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Editorial Note Prof. H. J. Lorsen and Prof, S. Thelandersson are RILEM Senior Members This anide has been published in RILEM Proceedings International RILEM Symposium on Timber Engineering.

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Svensson, S., Thelandersson, S. & Larsen, H.J. Reliability of timber structures under long term loads. Mater Struct 32, 755–760 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02905072

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